Post-World War II, Japan has had to contend with its economy, its relationship with China and the United States' influence in the region, leading an uncertain approach to Beijing.
From the separation of politics and economy to the principle of economic security, the two countries have tried to maintain trade and exchange despite numerous obstacles.
Washington, together with Tokyo, has been urging Beijing to halt its arms ambitions, while at the same time boosting its nuclear umbrella in the region.