sandford and you all read chief justice roger tawny s opinion in dred scott s case. and you have read that opinion, and it s notorious in american history, right? for the blatant racism in it, for the sanction that tawny gives to the concept of human property under the constitution, and for denying black citizenship, not only denying black citizenship, but denying even blacks as free, as persons under the constitution. and so, dred scott was one type of freedom suit, right? it was based on his physical presence in a free state, illinois, and his physical presence in wisconsin, a free territory. and it s often presented in american history textbooks as if it were the only freedom suit in american history. to go to the supreme court. the only, almost uniformly, presentedup are, presented as dred scott, one man bringing a freedom suit. but when we look into it a little more closely, there were thousands of freedom suits in american courts. all of them challenging the notion of s