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A combination of factors including migration, climate change and the encroachment of growing cities are associated with the extinction of species and a reduction in biodiversity. In Mexico maize landraces are an important source of germplasm that could be invaluable for future breeding programs in response a changing environment. Efforts to develop conservation strategies are hampered by the costs of housing and maintaining large germplasm collections. Effective criteria are therefore needed to identify rare genotypes that are in danger of being lost and to define minimal cost -effective core collections. With this aim a large-scale genotyping analysis of Mexican maize landraces was carried out to determine relationships at the genotype level and identify rare germplasm. Using this methodology, a core subset of 56 accessions from a total number of 1338 carrying all 333 distinct alleles identified in the study was determined. ....
The Oxus Civilisation (or Bactrio-Margian Archaeological Complex BMAC) was the main archaeological culture of the Bronze Age in Southern Central Asia. Paleogenetic analyses were previously conducted mainly on samples from the eastern part of BMAC. The population associated with BMAC descends from local Chalcolithic populations, with some outliers of steppe or South-Asian descent. Here, we present new genome-wide data for one individual from Ulug-depe (Turkmenistan), one of the main BMAC sites, located at the southwestern edge of the BMAC. We demonstrate that this individual genetically belongs to the BMAC cluster. Using this genome, we confirm that modern Indo-Iranian speaking populations from Central Asia derive their ancestry from BMAC populations, with gene flow from the western steppe and the Altai steppe being higher among Tajiks than among Yagnobis. ....
Ancient DNA reveals multiple origins and migration waves of extinct Japanese brown bear lineages royalsocietypublishing.org - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from royalsocietypublishing.org Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.