Transcripts For KQED PBS NewsHour 20160322

Pick up cameras and drop our arms. Woodruff all that and more on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by moving our economy for 160 years. Bnsf, the engine that connects us. Lincoln financial committed to helping you take charge of your financial future. And the william and flora hewlett foundation, helping people build immeasurably better lives. Supported by the rockefeller foundation. Promoting the wellbeing of humanity around the world by building resilience and inclusive economies. More at rockefellerfoundation. Org and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff the end of one era, the beginning of another. President obama held direct talks today with the leader of cuba, in his capital city. And they took questions something the communist government rarely allows. It was a moment that made history the star spangled banner played for an american president in the heart of havana. Mr. Obama stood side by side with cuban president raul castro, in the city no u. S. Leader had visited in 88 years. Later, they emerged from a private meeting to describe their summit. For more than half a century, the sight of a u. S. President here in havana would have been unimaginable. But this is a new day es un nuevo dia. translated today i reaffirm that we should exercise the art of civilized coexistance which involves accepting and respecting differences and preventing these from becoming the center of our relationship. Woodruff but the issue of human rights quickly interjected itself. Cnn reporter jim acosta, a cubanamerican, apparently struck a nerve when he asked castro about Political Prisoners. translated give me of can give me a list of Political Prisoners and if we have those Political Prisoners they will be released before tonight ends. Woodruff in fact, yesterday, just hours ahead of mr. Obamas arrival, cuban officials detained dozens of dissidents. Back at todays briefing, president obama acknowledged differences on the issue, but said he believes a constructive dialogue is possible. As i think we both indicated we had a very frank conversation around issues of democracy and human rights. Our starting point is that we have two different systems. But as is true with countries around the world where we have normalized relations, we will continue to stand up for basic principles that we believe in. Woodruff the obama visit is the product of more than a year of work to thaw relations. During that time, embassies in both countries have reopened, with some economic and trade barriers lifted. Already, theres been an influx of american tourists and business interests to the island nation. Coinciding with the trip, mr. Obama announced google will work to expand internet coverage in cuba, and he met with american and cuban entrepreneurs. Separately, American Hotel chain starwood said it will Begin Operating in havana soon. But referring to the commercial opening, president castro said today its not enough, and he pointed again to the decadesold u. S. Trade embargo on cuba, which congress has refused to abolish. translated much more could be done if the u. S. Blockade were lifted. The most recent measures adopted by his administration are positive, but insufficient. This is essential because the blockade remains enforced and because it contains discouraging elements and intimidating effects and extraterritorial outreach. Woodruff castro also called again for the u. S. To return the Guantanamo Naval base site to cuban control. Despite such disagreements, there were also gestures of goodwill. President obama laid a wreath this morning at a memorial for cuban independence hero jose marti. And on sunday, despite a steady rain, the first family toured old havana, as hundreds of people looked on. translated it was very emotional, very emotional. It was good, good, we cubans here as always are happy and joyful to receive him, may this all be for good, retaining our full identity. translated i dont disagree with his coming to the island but well, what i want is that changes be for the benefit of the cuban people because we are going through a difficult economic time here. There is no milk. We are mistreated. Woodruff the president plans to meet with opposition figures tomorrow before a baseball game between the Cuban National team and Major League Baseballs tampa bay rays. Well get a report from the scene in havana, and analyze the obama visit, after the news summary. Ifill in the days other news, europes deal with turkey to stem the flow of migrants and begin returning thousands showed no sign today of taking effect, just yet. Nearly 50,000 people, many from syria, are now stranded in greece. But greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras said he needs logistical help to process and return new arrivals. translated we have ahead of us a hill to climb because the implementation of the agreement will not be an easy matter. I think that we avoided the worst, because if there was not an agreement and cooperation with turkey we would have found ourselves facing a domino, one sided, conclusion. Ifill turkish monitors arrived on some greek islands today. France, germany and the netherlands have also pledged to help. Woodruff the hunt is on in turkey for three suspects believed to be planning more suicide attacks in the name of the Islamic State. It follows a weekend bombing that killed four people in istanbuls busiest pedestrian shopping street. Funerals for the dead began today. Three of those killed were israeli, two held dual citizenship with the u. S. And the fourth was iranian. Ifill russias Prime Minister today ordered officials to look into tougher Flight Safety rules after a deadly crash. All 62 people aboard died saturday when a flydubai airliner went down in southern russia as it tried to land in strong winds. Since then, search crews have combed the snowcovered wreckage for clues. Russian Officials Say the black box recorders were badly damaged, but theyve been able to recover some data. Woodruff the u. S. Military now confirms that American Marines have established a small artillery base in northern iraq. Its the First Time Since u. S. Forces returned to iraq in 2014. On saturday, a marine was killed at the base near makhmour by Islamic State rocket fire. But, a u. S. Spokesman said today, it is not a combat mission. What theyre there to do is simply shoot back if somebody shoots at them or at the forces in makhmur. So they wont kind of go off and conduct any type of mission on their own. They dont really have that capability anyways. Woodruff the colonel says the marine base was fired on again today, but no one was hurt. Ifill back in this country, a new fight over drawing congressional districts for political gain went before the u. S. Supreme court. At issue whether virginia lawmakers illegally packed black voters into one district to help republican candidates in neighboring districts. The vacancy on the Supreme Court means a 4to4 tie would uphold a Lower Court Ruling against the districts. Woodruff the two largest daily Fantasy Sports websites in the u. S. Will, for now, stop taking bets in new york state. Draft kings and fan duel reached agreement today with the state attorney general. Theyre going to let the new York State Legislature resolve their legal dispute. At issue is whether the sites promote gambling. Ifill new england braced today for a spring snowstorm that mostly failed to deliver. Forecasts had called for up to a foot of snow in places. Instead, about six inches fell across much of eastern massachusetts, rhode island, and northeastern connecticut. Boston saw only three inches, but still closed schools. Bostons had about 30 inches of snow this winter, after getting 100 inches last year. Woodruff wall street opened the week with a fairly quiet day. The Dow Jones Industrial average gained 21 points to close near 17,624. The nasdaq rose 13 points, and the s p 500 added two. Still to come on the newshour a new era of u. S. Cuba relations. President ial candidates make their case to the proisrael lobby. Colombian rebels emerge from the jungle in hopes of peace, and much more. Ifill now, the view from the ground in cuba during this historic visit. It comes from the bbcs Laura Trevelyan who is reporting from havana. Laura, how has the u. S. President been received on the ground there . Well, gwen, by the young 20something cubans who i have been talking to, with tremendous excitement. As one aye afrocuban said to me, obama has changed, thats what he represents. The young cubans i have been talking to have been very struck by the difference between what they see as thesvery Young American president and, of course, their own president , rauul castro, who is in his 80s. So there is a sense his visit represents a new era that people feel that this is a new beginning that, after almost 60 years of a hole tile relationship with this years of a hostile relationship, that there are Endless Possibilities for young people to study. There is a generational change, too. I think for the parents of the 20somethings, this is a difficult thing for them, because they have grown up with a oneparty state and wonder what the change will bring. Ifill what is the practical effect in the hope and the change youre talking about when we saw two president s side by side today, there are clearly wide areas of disagreement wean them that are not just generational between them that are not just generational. Absolutely. For example, there are cranes up all over havana. Some of the hotels that were playgrounds for the wealthy americans in the 1950s are being refurbished. For so many caribbean items, tourism is the lifeline, particularly american tourism. It could be the same for cuba. 110 direct flights a day coming here. Cubans have been able to rent their homes through airbnb, the American Service on the internet where you let out your homes for people. Cubans have been doing it for years but now its on the way, here in havana, 2. 5000 homes rented out by airbnb. People are glad to have the money. The average wage is 26 a month and the average stay a at a airb is 250. A huge change for people who complain they dont have enough to live on. Ifill the two president s claiming they still have profound differences between the nations, does that trickle down at all to ordinary cubans . Certainly. For someone whos lived in america 12 years, coming here to havana, cuba, what strikes you is this is a oneparty state, that broadcasting is statecontrolled. For example, this morning, on morning television, there was respectful coverage of the obama visit, pictures of the girls under an umbrella, pictures of michelle coming down from air force one. But the tone was state controlled and made clear that Guantanamo Bay will raised. And there isnt freedom of information because the Internet Service is terrible. One of the changes rauul castro introduced is more public wifi in public parks but cubans have to pay for it and the youngest cubans i have been speaking to is the biggest wish is that internet could be better so they can use facebook, twitter, email. They feel their lives are so restricted. One cuban said knowledge is power and without the internet, we cant have the information we need to make choices about our lives. Ifill its something watching change hat before our eyes. Laura trevelyan, reporting to us from havana. Thank you. Woodruff and we turn to analysis of todays historic meeting in havana, and of the president s trip to cuba. For that im joined by Maria De Los Angeles torres, director of the interuniversity program for Latino Research and a professor at the university of illinois, chicago. And Roger Noriega of the American Enterprise institute. Hes a former assistant secretary of state for western Hemisphere Affairs in the george w. Bush administration. And we welcome you both. Roger noriega, to you first, whats your impression to is far of how this trip is going . Well, it was a little clumsy today, i think, the very awkward press conference, but i can understand the excitement of the cuban people that was described by your previous guest. You know, there is something sort of exotic about cuba, people havent been able to travel there in a long time. Its a tropical island, has a shortages of fish and tropical fruit. Something clearly is wrong there. But, on the other hand, the people arent that different than people anywhere, and they you know, why would anybody choose to be in a dictatorship . Why wouldnt they choose democracy . Because the government has a totalitarian hold on every aspect of their lives, and that worries me because the government, in the final analysis, will have the say of whether the economic opening achieves any sort of meaningful change or whether the people are going to be left disappointed. Woodruff Maria De Los Angeles torres, whats your sense of the trip so far . Not only for cubans on the island but for cubans like myself who tame came to the United States as young children, this has been very moving, and it is historic, even though that is a very overused word when we speak about cuba. Id like to just remind all of us that this is not the first time we have had a reproachmented with cuba. In 1978, jimmy carter also opened the door. In fact, there was another historic moment in which a Cuban Airline landed in atlanta and took over 100 cuban americans to dialogue with the cuban government. Actually, that was my first trip back to cuba. We were very excited at the time, we thought that there could be change. There was 3,600 Political Prisoners that were released, and, in fact, Small Businesses were opened up at the time, but what happened was that it got out of control and the cuban government opened up the floodgates and at the same time clamped down and after that came reagan. So i am hopeful to the extent that i think this is a little bit more, if you will, assertive reproachment on the part of president obama, but we still need to remember it is a military government. Reporter Roger Noriega, do you think this time will be different . Do you see something materially different this time . Obviously the president s there, but what do you believe could come from this . Certainly, thats very dramatic. The president s made a big bet on this in terms of his legacy in history. Unfortunately, if he loses that bet, its going to be 11 million cubans that pay the price because by licensing deals as he has tractor factory and woodruff business deals. Several hotels being managed, these are deals hes licensed with entities that are owned and operated by the cuban military. So, in a certain way, you know, we sort of counted on the actuarial table to deal with the castro brothers, but by the president sort of not only giving the political normalization and legi legittizn but economic, it may create a momentum for transition in the post castro period to more dictators and i think that would be extraordinarily tragic were that to happen. Woodruff maria, could the communist regime be strengthened by this rather than moving in any way toward democracy . Well, i think always thats a risk, but i also think there are a couple of factors that are different this time around and that is, one, i think there is support on this side of the florida strait. Many businesses in cuba are being fueled by family members who are in miami. Thats a very porous border. I think cuban government realizes they do not have soviet union or venezuela or brazil or Chinese Government that will bail them out this time around and, so, therefore, they are forced to make changes. I dont think these are changes that they want to make and they are, in fact, very modest changes given the depth ofo the crisis in cuba, but, nonetheless, i think for those who would like to be part of whatever configuration of a government there is after the castro brothers, there is a sense that theyve got to make some changes. One thing cuba cannot do is open up immigration floodgates and that is, therefore, the changes have to be made. Woodruff lets pick up on that and the political Prisoner Exchange at todays News Conference. Roger noriega, we saw president castro fire back and said, what Political Prisoners . He said, give me a list and well release them tonight. What do you see going on there . Because human rights organizations say were going to put out the names. Quite frankly, i can see why he would lose track of the Political Prisoners because they take them every day and the arrests were very dramatic on the eve to have the president s visit, ladies going to church, beaten up and roughed up every sunday. Woodruff on the eve of president obama . Absolutely. That sort of affirms that the regime is not going to let up and they have every intention of holding, you know, sort of restraining any kind of economical or political opening that would threaten its survival. Woodruff maria torres, why isnt that a pretty Discouraging Development here, that there really is very little sign so far of their move toward democracy and certainly not toward doing anything about these politicalco prisoners . I absolutely agree. I think one thing we have to remember, change doesnt necessarily mean its going to be positive. I think with the crumbling, if you will, of totalitarian regimes oftentimes comes a moment of extreme repression and i think that is why the fact that rauul castro was asked on his own turf about Political Prisoners and about human rights is something that we normally dont see, and i think that, regardless of how little internet there is in cuba and how little press there is, people in cuba will know this by tonight. So i think that that is, in a sense, creating another sense of environment and, in fact, i would say a sense of empowerment. The repression, as one of the leaders of the human Rights Groups in cuba said today, there is a lot of repression because there is a lot of Democracy Movement on the ground. Woodruff Roger Noriega, so could there be empowerment just by the very fact they had the president s visit and this News Conference, that people will ask questions . I think this is a very tough totalitarian stalinist regime as described to me by eastern europeans whove lived there, but also a brittle regime, in my way of thinking, and i think that this is one area, can the regime control expectations. If that gets out of happened, it will be a serious problem. But my concern is that did the president strengthen ca castros hand by accepting engagement with cuba on his terms . The regime made this a binary choice. You either engage the regime or the people. Since eisenhower, the president chosen not to engage the people and i think that sends the wrong message and the president making a statement that hes not about changing the regime. Why wouldnt he be . This is a totalitarian regime. Why wouldnt anybody not be for changing that regime . Woodruff we thank you. We have to leave it there, Maria De Los Angeles torres and Roger Noriega. Thank you. Ifill now, to the race for the white house. Ahead of tomorrows primaries, campaigns focused on Foreign Policy, as candidates stopped off in the capitol. John yang reports. Reporter donald trump spent today in the city hes railed against on the campaign trail washington, d. C. One of his stops was just blocks from the capitol a midday, closeddoor meeting with a select group of republicans, including former House Speaker newt gingrich. Trump made another stop to talk on the record to the Washington Post editorial board. Alabama senator Jeff Sessions, who has already endorsed trump, will lead the group. The other names include a former pentagon inspectorgeneral, an oil and energy consultant, and a former Army Lieutenant general who was part of the authority that took over in iraq immediately after the u. S. Invasion. There, he warned republicans vowing to stop him that they shouldnt organize a thirdparty run. Well, a third party means the democrats are going to win, almost certainly. You cant be that spiteful. You cant be that spiteful, because youll destroy the country. Reporter trump held his News Conference at a Hotel Development in Downtown Washington that allowed him to talk about the jobs hes creating, and also show it off to the press. The frontrunners two remaining publican rivals, ted cruz and john kasich, were in town as well. All three were taking part in the annual conference hosted by the proisrael group aipac. But it was the democratic frontrunner Hillary Clinton who got the first shot at pitching to this crowd. She zeroed in on the candidate who very well could be her opponent in the fall, saying yes, we need steady hands. Not a president who says hes neutral on monday, proisrael on tuesday and whoknowswhat on wednesday because everythings negotiable well, my friends israels security is nonnegotiable reporter after the speech, clinton jetted out to arizona, for more campaigning. The only candidate to skip aipac . Bernie sanders, clintons democratic rival and the races only jewish candidate. He opted to spend his whole day campaigning in arizona, idaho and utah. All three states are Holding Contests tomorrow. Ifill for more on how the candidates are positioning themselves with Interest Groups and voters, we turn to politics monday, with tamara keith of npr, and Stuart Rothenberg of the rothenberg and gonzales political report. Lets talk about that Hillary Clinton speech at apec. First of all, for people who dont know, the apac, why is everybody lining up except for Bernie Sanders to be there today . Bernie sanders gave a Foreign Policy speech tonight in utah in a gymnasium at a high school. It is very signature, israeli lobbying group. Basically, you want apac on your side. Generally speaking, if youre a politician in america. Its easier that way. Its a political force. Hillary clinton came out, i think, with a general election posture. She came out swinging at donald trump. In a significant way, that was one clip. She came out later in the speech and talked about, you know, not standing by as intolerance and bullying happens. So she used that speech. She used stronger language than she has used, though shes been using increasingly stronger language toward trump. Ifill what does apac do for candidates . John kasich gave a strong speech, standing ovation. Apac is not a Political Action committee in the sense other political groups are. They give money to candidates and endrs. Candidates, they dont do that. Its an American Political Affairs action committee. They introduce candidates to pro israeli voters, mostly jewish voters, to generate support for israel. But if youre in apac you will et candidates and decide who to support. Apac is an important advocate for israel but in that regard it has strong support in the jewish community, not throughout the jewish community. There is another group, j. Street which is more critical of israeli domestic policy. But apac has a lot of groups around the country, a lot of supporters. It is a great place to go if youre going to talk about u. S. Israel relations. Ifill donald trump was in washington today not only to meet with apac but also at least it was billed as a meeting with establishment republicans. Didnt live up to that. The billing was off. We expected this to be republican insiders, veteran party strategists, longterm g. O. P. Maybe money folks. No, it was mostly people who had already endorse him, members from the hill tom reed of new york, Duncan Hunter of california, Jeff Sessions of alabama as well as a couple of other republicans who hadnt, gyjim demint, head of the heritage foundation. He seemed to be talking to the choir. Not reaching out to moderate republican insiders which is i thought he needed and was going to do. Ifill does this mean this pivot to being embraced by the Mainstream Republican Party is not quite all the way there yet . Its not there yet. The stages of denial of the republican establishment are ongoing and havent moved on to acceptance in a lot of ways. Donald trump held that meeting. It was not a broad meeting. It was not, you know, going to the Senate Republican caucus and doing the lunches. Actually, the senate is out of town. I think it happens to be that donald trump was in town for apac, and this press conference at the hotel, and he had a meeting with a few people and it got big billing. Ifill lets talk about the general r general election pivot. Hillary clinton and donald trump would like it if we didnt talk about john kasich and Bernie Sanders, who are still out there. Is that what theyre using this interim for . Theyre definitely making that shift. Its definitely not done. Ifill in part because Bernie Sanders outraised Hillary Clinton . Absolutely. We got the february numbers, and he outraised her by Something Like 12 million or something. He raised more than 40 million. She raised more in the 30 million range. Interestingly, though, she ends february with more cash on hand than he does, and he actually spent significantly more money. He outspent her by about 10 million in february. The results of that were not immediately apparent, given supertuesday, given what just happened semi, sort of super tuesday last tuesday, where he didnt win any of those states. But Bernie Sanders is sticking it out and he is able to raise a lot of money, so he is not ready in any way to make that turn. One quick interesting thing, senator Elizabeth Warren today went on a massive tweet storm, calling donald trump a loser, among other things. But she has moved on. She hasnt endorsed anyone in the democratic race, but she has begun attacking the republican frontrunner. Ifill i would say what Donald Trumps response is but it would require too much explanation. Yes. Ifill lets talk more about that. You have Elizabeth Warren calling him a loser, clearly trying to stir the pot. You have more primaries coming up tomorrow. What are we all watching for now . We have the utah caulks and the primary on the republican side. Donald trump had the advantage in arizona. There isnt a lot of polling in either state, gwen, so were kind of feeling our way through this, not that the surveys have always been accurate anyway. Ifill true. But in this case i think the endorsements, former governor jan brewer, a number of other elected officials in arizonan dorised trump. Were assuming hes the favorite there, going to win, and ted cruz is winning in what other polling we have. In utah, ted cruz, will he get 50 . As it turns out, Donald Trumps personality, style, criticism of mitt romney, language has alienated a lot of l. D. S. Mormon voters and appears ted cruz is the overwhelming favorite there. Trump is playing around. Kasich is trying to keep druse under 50 . If cruz is under 50 in utah, he gets all the delegates. So a lot of maneuvering going on here. The two states are most likely to divide between the two candidates which would, in a sense, i guess, keep the race as trump the frontrunner, cruz the contender and john kasich still looking to win a race other than ohio. Ifill and Bernie Sanders deciding there is something to be gotten out west at this point. Absolutely, there is. He is about to begin, most likely, a very decent run, possibly a very good run of states that really favor him. Ifill tamara keith, stu rothenberg, thank you very much. Thanks. You. Woodruff stay with us, coming up on the newshour living in a city targeted by terrorists. And celebrating 50 years of music in a worldrenowned jazz club. But first, we return to latin america, and efforts to end the worlds longestrunning conflict, in colombia. In havana today, secretary of state john kerry met with negotiators ahead of a wednesday deadline for colombias peace talks. It included a meeting with the main rebel faction, the revolutionary armed forces of colombia, or farc. Last month i sat down with colombian president Juan Manuel Santos to discuss his peace initiative. Tonight, the view from the rebel side, in putumayo, deep in colombias south. Special correspondents Bruno Federico and nadja drost traveled there for this exclusive report before the colombian government banned reporters from events like what youre about to see. The story is narrated by ms. Drost. Reporter beyond the end of the road, the caqueta river winds deep into putumayo. Theres endless jungle, and the farc. After decades of cloaking their movements to evade the military, these rebels are emerging from the jungle. Its for no small reason in light of an expected peace deal, the government of president Juan Manuel Santos has pulled back his forces temporarily from the area to allow farc commanders in havana to travel here to talk peace directly with their troops. translated we had the idea to do this out of a necessity, so that people, the guerrilla and our communities can learn from our delegates in havana, what is happening there, so that people can have a hand in the Peace Process. Reporter hundreds of guerrillas gather for a landmark event on the road towards peace. The farc have also invited the people theyve lived among for decades, and us the only foreign tv crew, to witness the biggest gathering of rebels and civilians in over a decade. Weve been following units of the farc over the last year, travelling to their camps, camouflaged in the jungle. Now, its the first time seeing them outside of their clandestine life. After years of discreetly moving through villages, its a rare and exceptional sight to see dozens of them walking in town alongside civilians, as everyone prepares for the events. translated its important because it might help clarify doubts that many people reporter its no wonder people have doubts 50 years of conflict have killed nearly a quartermillion people, and displaced some six million. Another 40,000 are disappeared. Crimes have been committed by all parties guerrilla groups, government forces, and right wing paramilitary groups who often acted as a proxy for the state. The farc started out in the 1960s as small groups of armed peasants defending the rights of the poor. It became a marxist insurgency, that later bolstered its forces using the drug trade, kidnappings and extortion to finance its their fight. Since 2000, the colombian military, backed by billions of u. S. Dollars, has decimated the farc and their ranks have dropped to an estimated 7,000 rebels today. It was a weakened, but undefeated farc that came to the negotiating table. Joaquin gomez, the nom de guerre for the commander of the farcs powerful southern bloc, got safe passage from havana to visit home. Alexandra narino, also an alias, has returned with him. A dutch woman famous for being a foreign rebel, known for being the only dutch rebel in the farc, shes wanted in the u. S. For her role in the kidnapping of three American Military contractors in 2003. Theyre big names here, and across colombia, but rarely have they shown their faces to the public in the territory they call home. People gather to ask the farc if what they hear about the Peace Process is true. translated will there really be a Peace Agreement signed by march 23 . translated this is not possible. Its not possible because the government has to fulfill a series of commitments that, until now, it hasnt. Reporter despite more than three years of negotiations, gomez says there are many sticking points that have yet to be resolved, like how the farc would disarm and concentrate their troops in rural areas, and one of them, is a key demand by the farc translated that paramilitarism ends, as a state policy. Thats it, that they get rid of it, its the only obstacle that exists. Because while it exists, its like walking with one foot in the grave. Reporter gomez and other rebels worry that if the farc become a purely political organization, they will meet the same fate as thousands of activists, social and political leaders and activists members of opposition movements who have been assassinated. So if the farc are to disarm, gomez says the state should stop using its weapons as a tool of political repression. translated that would mean that weapons of the state arent used in assassinations of political leaders, trade unionists, or leftists. And our weapons would be kept at a distance from us. We propose that a third country hold on to them. Reporter while the presence of the guerrilla is feared in various regions, the vacuum left their absence worries many locals translated at the point of signing a Peace Agreement, which we support, well feel very worried because, with living in a conflict zone, paramilitaries may come in and disappear us, one by one, or kill us, and who will protect us . With the farc here, one feels a security that that wont happen. translated what is being sought is reconciliation. Not impunity, but reconciliation. Reporter commander Joaquin Gomez faces narcotrafficking charges in the u. S. And a 2. 5 million reward for his capture; in colombia, hes wanted for the kidnapping and assassination of a governor. translated there has to be a general amnesty. Except for crimes against humanity. And there has to be a form of justice that isnt punitive, but restorative. Reporter a Peace Agreement will call all parties to the conflict the farc just as much as members of the state and military to face a special Justice System that offers alternative sentences. Most of the farcs rankandfile will receive amnesties, and for when they do, some are being trained to use new tools for political communication translated were preparing ourselves here for political battle, to get ready for a new environment. Well pick up cameras and drop our arms. Reporter welcoming the prospect of peace, but wary of the uncertainties to come. translated when a peace accord is signed, that doesnt mean that peace starts. The silencing of weapons isnt peace. I think its afterwards that the difficult part starts. And the most interesting part, the construction of peace with social justice, i want to be there. Reporter for tonight, an air of optimism and hope takes over, as one step of many is taken, on the long and difficult road to peace. For the pbs newshour, reporting with Bruno Federico, im nadja drost in putumayo, colombia. Woodruff later this week, well look at how colombias massive cocaine trade could be affected by a Peace Agreement. Ifill now, back to terror in turkey. The attack on a pedestrian street in istanbul on sunday, the fourth suicide bombing in turkey this year, was, according to president erdogan, one of the biggest and bloodiest terrorist waves in its history. We take an intimate look now at the violence, and how it shapes daily life. Decorated marine veteran eliott ackerman served in iraq and afghanistan. His debut novel, green on blue, is a war story told from the perspective of an afghan boy. Ackerman now lives with his family in istanbul. On an unseasonably warm morning the past january in istanbul, a suicide bomber detonated himself in a central sightseeing tourist. He killed eleven tourists, ten germans. At the moment of the blast, i was sitting in an outside cafe nearby. Almost immediately my fine lit up with calls from concerned friends and family back in the u. S. This was the third bombing since june. I moved to istanbul to work on a book and give my children, at the persons of living abroad. What wetter place to expand their world view than istanbul, a study vied by the strait, and the religious history, once the seat for christian and islamic empires. My favorite are the tulips in long rows along the streets and planters tucked into the city squares and sprouting up thru the broken sidewalks. I spent the months watching my children explore this ancient city among its new flowers. The night after the bombing, went out the dinner with a few turkish friends, among them a wellknown journalist. Weeks before, the authorities had imprisoned two of his colleagues for spying and revealing state secrets after they printed a story about government collusion with islamic fighters inside of syria. When the topic of the bombing came up, he said he was far more afraid of turkeys more increasingly toxic Politics Around terrorism than tissue of terrorism itself. Politics can be defined as the acquisition or maintenance of power, he said. You can do this in two ways, by dividing or uniting people. Uniting people is very difficult, he explained. But dividing them is far easier. When i asked how you divide people, his answer was a single word fear. We then spike late about why the bombing had taken place close to the famous blue mosque. The bomber could have killed far more people if he attacked a subway station at rush hour or a shopping mall. Consensus is the Islamic State wanted to harm the tourist industry. When i remembered all the concerned phone calls from home, it seemed likely fewer and fewer werners would be planning vacations to the city. The man at the table next to us interrupted us, he owned a ho till the in the city and said a wonderful thing happened after the bombing. In a small act of solidarity, german vacationers had chosen not to be afraid and booked a room there. Much of current politics is defined by the rhetoric of fear, whether terrorism, gun control or immigration, our fears are manipulated. We are encouraged to be divided. The longer i stay in istanbul, the more i realize the education im giving my children is not so much as cultural as moral. Its about teaching them to live without fear. This is a choice but not an easy one. I have a photo of my daughter standing in a yellow tulips in the shadow of the ancient blue mosque. She wears a little pink coat can and shes looking at the flowers. Shes not even four years old. When i look at it i feel the sweet ache in my heart, the one any father res nices when looking agent his daughter, i also feel joy of what she experiences so young. But two years afterwards, i can see Something Different in it, if i choose. You see, this photograph was taken exactly where the bomb went off. Woodruff and finally, its monday night, and for 50 years thats meant big band music at a worldfamous jazz club in new york. Jeffrey brown has the story. Brown the song is called mean what you say. And, says trombonist Douglas Purviance, its a veritable lesson in big band music. It starts out as just a rhythm section, and then it adds and adds and adds until its really coming at you pretty good. Brown its a sound that, every monday night, comes at audiences at the famous village vanguard jazz club. In a dark basement space in lower manhattan, the vanguard is a jazz mecca. All the greats have played here, and some of the most renowned live recordings have been made here. The club was founded in 1935 by max gordon, and 81 years later, its still a family affair, run now by his daughter, deborah gordon, and still not your average small business. I was looking for just a recent payroll sheet or something, and accidentally put my hand on one form 1962, with John Coltranes signature on the bottom. So sometimes you just come across things like that are part of the fabric of the place. Brown but you realize how unusual that is, right . I mean not many places. I do. Im not going to tell you where it is. Brown the vanguard recently celebrated an important part of its history a 50 years and counting residency that blows the lid off the place every monday night. It began in 1966 as the Thad Jones Mel lewis orchestra. Jones was a trumpeter and composer whod played with count basie. Lewis, a veteran drummer. Big bands werent in vogue, the economics were too difficult, for one thing. But the two gathered some of new yorks best studio and session musicians for what many thought would be a onetime gig, held on a night that jazz clubs are usually closed. I took the taxicab here, and when i got to 11th street, i saw all of these people lined up outside of the vanguard. I mean, i know were playing here tonight, but ive never seen a crowd like that. Brown trumpet player jimmy owens and trombonist Garnett Brown were part of the original group, which is credited with recreating the big band sound. The thing that made this band really different at this day in age was the fact that thads writing, he was not writing big band music per se compositions. He was like writing small group compositions, only for the big band. They had those times when the band as one unit would just knock everybody out because everybody was so in sync. And then thad would rely on the solos and knowing exactly what to do in order to make the soloists rise higher in his emotion and playing. Brown all my yesterdays, a newlyreleased recording of the bands debut sessions, captures the original sound and excitement. Zev feldman is with resonance records. When im listening to this music i hear a fresh energy that room. We literally built a time machine that can take you back to what it was like on that opening night. Brown most amazing of all, perhaps the band and its monday night tradition have continued. Its been called the vanguard Jazz Orchestra since the death of mel lewis in 1990. The 17 musicians, crowded on the vanguards small stage, make their livings from teaching, playing in broadway shows and other gigs. Monday nights are mostly for fun and tradition. Because this isnt a living for anybody, right . Depends on how you live. Brown these days, trombonists john mosca and Douglas Purviance serve, respectively, as the bands director and manager. This whole phenomenon is about the music. And its about, you know, the quality of the arrangements and the compositions. Thad jones is the core of what we do. And weve always tried to add other composers and arrangers at that level, which is not an easy thing to do. We feel about our book the way a classical musicians would feel about the repertoire of haydn and mozart and beethoven, you can never really master it. It demands everything you have. Brown so its possible to keep going . Yes, i mean its very possible. People are always going to want to do this. This music is a great teacher. Brown from the village vanguard make that live from the village vanguard im Jeffrey Brown for the pbs newshour. Ifill on the newshour online, a superhero comic series is opening up new conversations about Mental Health and postpartum depression. The mother of Marvel Comics daredevil reveals the long kept secret of why she left her young son. Read about the Netflix Series on our home page, pbs. Org newshour. Woodruff tonight on charlie rose, the cast and crew of the broadway musical, hamilton. And thats the newshour for tonight. On tuesday well look at how to help the 400,000 kids in foster care in the u. S. Beat the odds stacked against them. Im judy woodruff. Ifill and im gwen ifill. Join us online, and again here tomorrow evening. For all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by lincoln financial committed to helping you take charge of your financial future. And by the alfred p. Sloan foundation. Supporting science, technology, and improved Economic Performance and Financial Literacy in the 21st century. Supported by the john d. And catherine t. Macarthur foundation. Committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. More information at macfound. Org and with the ongoing support of these institutions this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org this is nightly Business Report with Tyler Mathisen and sue herera. New era. A historic trip to cuba has american ceos seeing bigger potential and obstacles. Marriott sweetens its bid. President ial candidates promise to bring back lost manufacturing jobs. The key question is how. All of that and more on nightly Business Report for monday, march 21st. Good evening. Welcome. Grand potential and big pitfalls. That is how u. S. Business leaders view cuba. Today president obama along with chief executives from marriott and xerox made a