That you mentioned here you can see what happened between the one nine hundred sixty s. And two thousand and ten and the dimension you can see that suicide months have been worsening steadily until the implementation of efficient measures to slow it down bushy and keep its evolution under control whod have a. Bill that only. It was only in one thousand nine hundred sixty is that laws were created to regulate the pumping of water the chinese were the first to recognize the scale of the subsidence. Demand yasha it on some say its a reverse a vote you want to me and it poses a significant threat to shanghai skyscrapers. And it also has an impact on urban infrastructures only good. Thoughts. Since subsidence was established in One Thousand Nine Hundred Eighty one in shanghai that theyve measured the loss of elevation of two to three metres so you appear. To allow me to you. Elsewhere in the country new urban centers are developing. Was Peace Development plans ignore the warnings and they run the risk of causing Ground Subsidence as in shanghai up because. It. Was. In japan the Greater Tokyo Area has a population of thirty seven million. It is the biggest urban center in the world. It is also among the coastal cities threatened by flooding. For more than a century the japanese have struggled to protect their cities against flooding. You know. In One Thousand And Ten we had a very big tie for long which came up here and there we got a very serious for the government of the time decided to excavate this Diversion Charles was out the city with to get rid of the front. So therefore this sort of a bomb was rocket zero point five meters it was on the other so that swarming the water i can over the top of this. That because the area behind the river war was calm for you through it. In the Past Buffer Zones provided a method of diverting from waters into arable fields then due to a lack of living space in the middle of the Twentieth Century people settled on
these fields there by creating to toto district just as in bangkok in shanghai pumping of ground water has led to the subsidence of more than One Hundred Twenty square kilometers in the center of tokyo two with out of out my head thats a sign saying that theyre out there or you know ground or ago in Nineteen Eighty was that so the current others say whatever was here was a still higher than me and now im standing on this. So this and the care that there is a risk. So this part was cause rather than here just to remember the race. Fans to the roles that you are enacted in nineteen seventy s ground subs due to excessive prompting of a granddaughter had stopped so there was no worry about father subsidence
but once we get the round subsided there was no hope that we can get the or is no good on the river recovered. For more than forty years the japanese have attempted to contain Ground Subsidence caused by mans activities and science has identified another course of subsidence. Japan is regularly hit by earthquakes. On the surface the damage can be considerable. But deeper in the Art Earthquakes also generate an amazing geological phenomenon. Liquefaction. The first comes
a big shock. Than it is for the why Ricky Fuck Breaker Function is a phenomena that or chorus and loser a deposit in the sand. We have. Rosery deposit sounds. A wrong the coast the rhine or why then mom made recreating the rounds so we have grandeur of Poverty Upset which is not strong and the fabric is completely fair the voice was. Once a big us Quick Crows Face Roos following. Rosies its tracks at camp break. Ones the sweat ricky fires the pressurized the water and sand force their ways to the softness. So the sufis or wont
fall into this three to five the zone. So will recede huge amount of sun egypt. And we want to get the redo. After removing the sun the must we see the Ground Subsidence berry pretty. Well you can see here on all of these awards on the terrace and you can see here or you know ground there ever was. And the south side as here must have been. A couple of ten centimeters some sack that. Carries a and those are examples of us quake induced rick if i action can say quincys. This tool a mob of us fall and underground water tank. Any object having a big horrible and it can get through allah to be dished out and the lake of fire the soil so they still same scam up to the ground or of all so many wow they saw and in the solar hot subsiding may breed zero point five meters or a little roger. So therefore this is showing how terrible the fire show is and underground pipes. Wires and they were. They still things are praise are would as they are after the earthquake just not to forget the same as the happened here faction. A port and we looked at how many people live in the hundred year flood playing so thats the area that would flood have a one percent chance of flooding every year and we found this four hundred Million People in Two Thousand And Five living in these Two Hundred Thirty Six cities and Forty Million so ten percent of them lived in lived in those areas and we found that certain cities had very large areas in the floodplain a quarter of these One Hundred Thirty Six cities are actually sinking and when i say things sometimes it goes down at ten twenty centimeters per year or a meter every five or ten years so these are huge changes. Some regions are sinking faster than others one example is the coastline of the u. S. State of louisiana. Is the mississippi Delta New Orleans is located in
this area in here and most of this land surface has been disappearing over the last thirty years and our projections ours this will disappear in the next ten twenty thirty years it will be gone and so when this disappears water from a hurricane could more readily impact the City Of New Orleans so the cities on the delta are at risk all of them. I mean without question and theyre part of the list of One Hundred Thirty Six areas at risk if we look at the Twentieth Century in many ways that probably for many cities the substance has been much much more important than climate and to Sea Level Rise because were talking about meters of change when the sea has risen maybe seventeen twenty centimeters in the Twentieth Century in the twenty First Century we expect much more climate into three level rise and climate and you see the rise will affect every coastal city not just the ones that
clock. And how the european Flashpoint Stuff is returning to germanys north sea. But first what do parachutes have in common with Dandelion Seeds well they both utilize the same most affright. Many human feats of Engineering Mimic nature. Cars are inspired by the aerodynamically efficient shape of a penguin. I swear to be idea for velcro come from. Sticky bird or parts of course many of the tools we use mimic natures designs in medicine to. The Natural History museum instead it is an impressive Archive Charting nothing less than the history of evolution. Its a place that all of the shots loved even as
a boy when he did an internship here he had an opportunity to explore it in depth he was fascinated by the details of the exhibits the Filigree Structure of insects for example it appealed to the budding engineer in him. Whats extraordinary is that even though insects are so tiny they can muster a lot of strength so theyve developed High Precision Multi Purpose tools for Feeding Reproducing and defending themselves. In sex have been self optimizing for millions of years. One point i realized that all these functions that insects of the delegate could be applied in medicine specifically in the field of. Thats how he ended up working in medical bio nicks applying biological methods
and systems found in nature to engineering and technology. This is the sort of thing that inspires him the only positive of the horn tale was thin as a hair. Can drill holes into wood several centimeters deep. With the help of a model of the positive polish fans and his team. The founder of the institute for Manufacturing Engineering have transferred its operating principle to surgery because this guy missed. The secret of the Drilling Method used by insects which way to recreate it here is that it isnt a standard rotary drone rather a Pendulum Drill composed of three parts moving up and down and grating the surface a way to create a cavity. Like this. The advantage of this Grating Drill Method is that its possible to chill cavities affair his wits and square as well as round and triangular ones this is why its so well suited to surgical purposes
such as in searching implants that need to fit this tightly as possible a prosthetic hip joint for example. Or a Dental Implant all of this found is currently developing a prototype. To have. The challenges scaling down the parts to pin size were working towards that slowly but surely. Another surgical tool inspired by nature of the bone punch its currently awaiting approval in the us. It lends itself well to enter vertical discs surgery of tissue that are pressing on a nerve need to be removed. Most orthopedic punches can only remove small quantities of tissue at a time so surgeons need to keep emptying them this increases the risk of infection one of the shots is new orthopedic punch reduces that risk by sucking the cartilage
in to show off it significantly speeds up the surgical procedure. One of the sharks got the idea from snakes and the way pythons and anacondas swallow their prey the key factors are the structure of their skulls and their backward curved fangs snakes special lines jaws allow them to swallow their food whole however large their prey. Is that the Snakes Jaws Move and dependently of each other. So that its teeth backwards so that food is gradually pushed back through the mouth into the stomach. Imitated this principle by constructing two rows of teeth that move against each other lowly shifting the particle backwards. Backwards and right into the bone punch simple but clever. Nature is
a huge source of inspiration for Technological Solutions take the chordal fin of bony fish for example. Its normally you would expect it to bulge that way if you apply pressure to work with just this way. The so called the bony spines of the fin bend in the opposite direction to the water pressure. Since he used this principle to develop shape adaptive forceps which can grip delicate tissue without damaging it. But he has yet to find an investor for the four steps to actually bring them on to the market. The difficulty with biopics is that you need to have a lot of stamina because it takes a long time to develop a functioning prototype. The advantage is that it often leads to innovation thats
highly useful and has applications. All of this far is also keen to show. Children how they can find inspiration from nature he came up with an idea for educational installations much to suit and botanical gardens. The first to say lets get into weve noticed that schoolchildren are failing to make their own observations in Biology Class this is today Even University students taking courses in genetics and molecular biology arent making their own observations or being analytical so what we want to do is counter that trying to soften. His own observations have shown that nature boasts an amazing trove of insights and innovations just waiting to be discovered. Smart technology has made our lives a lot easier but in some ways the Digital World has created more stress. That was
the subject of this weeks viewer question on facebook. Do you think social media is addictive if yes how do you deal with it. Has a simple solution petey activates his account from time to time. Garcia who of chile sounds sometimes im surrounded by people but i still feel lonely because no one saying anything. Frederic nelson of kenya says hes trying to activating facebook three times well were glad hes still following us and sarah a member of spain says she sometimes feels she has an other life beside the real one. Were all a master in our smartphones and online twenty four sevenths the pace of life has never been as fast as it is today flocks of us feel
a need to escape now on day. For a hike in a forest perhaps. But think again these days even the trees are on social media. The birds are at the only ones tweeting here in the south or lap a pine tree is also tweeting updates on its rate of growth and how much water its transported. Today its shrunk by zero point zero four millimeters and transported just two point eight seven liters of water to its crown thats not enough for a pine tree of this size. Forest researchers Tanya Saunders and on today as baltar closely monitor the pine trees tweets the forest in Eastern Germany is struggling to cope with the dryness resulting from climate change. The two scientists are looking for ways to help the forest adapt to further environmental
challenges. The moment. We had six trees tweeting in the netherlands belgium and here in brandenburg. We plan to add more trees from the North And South of that we can figure out which species are best equipped to deal with trying at each location. The team also has another project examining the effects of dryness on young trees. This year the researchers have planted spruce saplings from a range of different regions in the outdoor Stress Test Lab here one group is exposed to such extreme levels of dryness that some start to die a Comparison Group are kept well watered the researchers examine the Water Content of the saplings and their Photosynthesis Activity to establish it which point the plants start to die. Theres a reason why the researchers are using young trees. Were
experimenting with samplings because they represent the next generation of forests and for you if the forests dont regenerate there wont be a next generation. Weve identified that the provenance of these bruises meaning the region they come from plays a major role. As you can see this one here can cope much better with dry conditions than this one here which is almost dead. The studies help the researchers advise Forestry Businesses which trees they should replant. Cats are allowed to go forth from the state Forestry Center and davis and brandenburg are doing similar work. Today there in the short height of forest taking samples from a range of oak saplings they planted amid pines. Scientists
agree that mixed woodland is the future forests made up of a variety of trees which can adapt to changing environmental conditions. Not all these oak saplings come from brandenburg some are from six southern European Countries this one is from boca area for example. The researchers take leaf samples from a sessile oak to see if the trees from the south are better adapted to dryness than their brandenburg cousins. Then they flash freeze the leaves and pulverized them which. The resulting powder is dissolved and examined for amino acids. These biomarkers indicate how the oaks respond to environmental factors. You have is of i as we called was it by the book of the white line charts the one from bulgaria and shows a lot of stress and inductive response to the brandenburg one barely reacts at all. So obviously not all oaks are the same theres a broader range and that means we can select the oaks best suited to changing climates its not sagal its like. Heres a glimpse of what a forest might look like in the future a mix of tree species with a range of origins which have all been tested for their resilience to climatic conditions. In mozambique meanwhile one scientist is using high tech to combat deforestation go to d. W. Dot com slash science to find out more. Or is there nothing you enjoy more than a liar. Which crow type he was depends on your genes. Humans and animals even plants follow whats called as a k. T. And rhythm. But sometimes our internal biological clock gets out of kilter and that takes a toll on our physical and mental well being. And prehistoric times humans lived and slept outdoors our body rhythms with synchronized with the sun we were active during the day and we rested at night that was still the case after humans began farming animals and growing crops around Twelve Thousand years ago mcdade was timed by when the sun was at its highest point but that changed over the millennia. With the invention of Railway Trains in the early Nineteenth Century people were able to cover huge distances across Land Departure and arrival time. Im sad to be coordinated together with timetables. Passengers were now forced to reset their crops at railway stations
a logistical headache and just one of various reasons behind the need to establish a universal time which had far reaching consequences. As industrialization progressed people saw less and less sunlight instead of working outdoors many now spend the daytime in factories of. The sun no longer played the role of the long cloak and lamp as it had done in the past. People now had to act against the natural cicada and rhythms and organize their days and nights according to the new time regimen. The cost of the machines in the factories meant they had to be run at Maximum Capacity leading to the introduction of night shifts. That in turn depended on the electrical lighting which revolutionized peoples lives in the early twentieth
century bringing light to the factories and into the night time streets. People were now working at times when they would previously have been asleep their lives now run contrary to their body clocks as a result biological repair and regeneration processes were compromised. Thats still the case today and the emergence of notebooks and smart phones means we now even take also official light to bed with us we deceive our bodies into thinking its still daytime. Meanwhile we live in twenty four hour Consumer Societies with round the Clock Supermarkets and Hotline Services and a growing proportion of the Global Workforce working in rotating shifts. We may believe that we can be awake or sleep whenever we want but its our health that
pays the price for this unnatural behavior. Night or day todays walk never stops spinning we travel across time zones and were up to date with news whenever and wherever its happening. Much of modern life is made possible by satellites some of them travel in sync with the earths rotation. Around soviet era from brazil senses a question. Whats the usual distance between satellites and how far are they from earth. The first satellites were launched more than sixty years ago and there are currently thousands of them orbiting the globe at different altitudes depending on the job they do. Most are in low earth orbit or leo an altitude of up to two thousand kilometers in the lower part of this region are satellites that monitor the earth the International Space station also orbits in
the stone. Medium earth orbit or meo accommodate satellites a distances of two thousand to Thirty Five Thousand kilometers from earth this region of space is frequented by navigation satellites. The next level at just under Thirty Six Thousand kilometers is geostationary orbit satellites here follow the direction of the earths rotation theyre typically used for telecommunications including Global Television broadcasts each geostationary satellite is assigned to a bucks around a hundred kilometers wide the distance to the next box is around five hundred kilometers geostationary satellites have a habit of drifting out of orbit due to factors such as the earths uneven gravity distribution. Once a geostationary satellite reaches the end of its mission or has become redundant it can end up in a Graveyard Orbit this is located several hundred kilometers above its operational
altitude. The problem here is the resulting space junk thats accumulated over the decades scientists are intensifying their efforts to dispose of the on wanted debris. If outlet is red white i mean i dont mean. To you have a question then just opt in return well send you a small piece of price send us your question by Video Text Message Ovoid smile we not hearing from you. Youll find us at d w Dot Com Slash science or troublesome sign at d w underscore sign tack. More on facebook science. Time now to hold our breath and go diving in the debt. Something north sea five pounds these are european oysters they can change sex in the course of their life time. And fish lay eggs inside their shells. And they can filter an astonishing Two Hundred Forty liters of water a day but they need a habitat. Until One Hundred Fifty years ago species austria a dualist populated huge swathes of the north sea european flat oysters thrived on seabeds off the coast of germany and the netherlands. But then overfishing decimated the natural Oyster Population Disease and cold winters also took their toll. Now the species is practically extinct here in the german point of bay on germanys north sea coast. But instead from the alfred Vega Institute for
polar a Marine Research has teamed up with germanys federal agency for Nature Conservation their aim is to reintroduce european factoids to to the german point yes. Its a big challenge but we want to resettle the species that list on a small scale in selecting which locations make most sense in terms of environmental factors and then we need to decide how big a scale we want to work with. European flat oysters each fills over two hundred liters of water per day. They form reefs structures on the seabed that can provide a habitat for a range of other species. This is another reason why the scientists are so eager to resettle them. But they need to conduct some Background Research before the oysters can be returned to the sea. They grow best on the shells of their deceased
predecessors. As these are now long gone the researchers have to find Substitute Materials to serve as artificial reefs. To find out which substrate is most suitable the scientists provide a range of samples for the Oyster Larvae to live on. Under the microscope they can see how many oysters have attached to the substrate indicating which material is the most attractive for the animals. Actually see a means to produce oysters on a suitable substrate. And that will involve adding the substrate that proved to be the best one in our experiments to a breeding facility. There larvae will be able to settle on it and grow to a certain extent. And then the substrate with the living oysters will be taken out of the german bite to the areas that weve chosen to resettlement is also bearing. Top of it and you dont need. The european flat oysters used by the scientists are sourced from farms in france the larvae supplied from there that are now growing in the lab have had no contact with sea water. This generally ensures that the young oysters are free of pathogens. The researchers have several thousand of these socalled seat oysters to experiment with. The also doesnt yet have the oysters are now half a year old its been six months since they were brought over from france theyll likely be transferred to the field experiment in the north sea in the autumn instead experiment and not take on. The first Field Experiments are aimed at identifying suitable locations for large scale resettlement. Areas around offshore
wind farms are attractive because there is no Trawler Fishing in the surroundings. The researchers generally lower the oysters in cages down to their new home. Here they will be exposed to Currents Tides and other environmental conditions on the sea floor. How well will they grow in the new natural habitat. A few weeks later divers retrieve the oysters the cages the nets used to keep them in place on the seabed have practical advantages. Missing i could be a lesson thats. All we have to guarantee that we can always find our assistance and carry out measurements and health checks. In the long term of course the idea is to resettle the oysters down there without any cages he fixed will be down to. Her Colleague Heading for not time is the Department Head at the federal agency for Nature Conservation. The two frequently attend meetings with colleagues from other countries who are running similar projects. No one time is optimistic about the chances of successfully resettling native european oysters in the north sea. Of oxen and. The animals grow six to eight centimeters in one year at the age of three four or five years they become sexually mature as with boys of years and that means that if we can manage to establish an initial batch on the seabed well be able to produce baby oysters in a cycle of three or four years ideally and thats promising for the future i think music with the past fifty years of it. A future in which the european flood or its there may once again benefit the ecosystem of the north sea. Next week well be heading into space with Astronauts Alexander Gast Alias astro onyx. The International Space stations first german commander. Come with us as we go where no show has gone before. Until then. Hello and welcome to a brand new set of ethical at africa with press topics from all over africa and
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