And the more Muslim Brotherhood political islamistish people like bin laden and more other politically more oriented Leaders Within al qaeda. Within i. S. , more i. S. Seems more extreme. More purist. I dont see at this point any political current within that landscape at all. I mean, but that also may have to do on what kind of level or what kind of stage of evolution i. S. Is in at the moment. But for the threat to europe, i dont see theyre quite similar. I think the ideology is equally useful to or it can justify attacks in europe the same way. One final question here. Why are you so dismissive of lone wolves at the end of your remarks . Yeah. Thank you. Its because the lone wolf creates a sense of this kind of volatile, unpredictable threat, that if you basically see terrorists crawling out of the woodwork. And i think it doesnt rhyme with how i interpret the threat i have studied. Its more organized. And even those who operate quite independently are under influence, strong influence, and they usually have interacted with people. So i just prefer to call them solo terrorists, because that was a name invented by, i think, the Danish PoliceIntelligence Service to denote people who operate alone, but on behalf of organized networks. That has to do with our understanding of the strategy behind it, and also now, you know, i think much of the debate on terrorism in europe is conflating a different phenomena that are interlinked, but still, they are different. Theres extremism. Theres foreign fighting. Theres terrorism. And its interlinked. But its not identical. And i think its one of the most important things i want to do in my work is to kind of distinguish between these phenomena so that we dont conflate them all and try to use the same counterpolicy. Because i dont think what works against terrorists necessarily will work against foreign fighting, or extremism more broadly. Do you have any concluding remarks . I think no. Well, thanks to dr. Nesser for talking with us. His book is on sale outside. Im sure hed be happy to answer any questions you might not have gotten in, or sign books after this. I would like to say thank you all for coming and listening to me. Thank you very much. [ applause ] congress is back today, and its a busy week ahead for the house. Members return monday to consider several bills, including one to prevent tax fraud and identity theft. Then on tuesday, debate begins on the 610 billion Defense Authorization bill, which currently has more than 300 amendments attached to it. Also on the house agenda, military construction and v. A. Programs, and emergency spending to combat the zika virus. You can watch the house live on cspan. The senate meets today at 2 00 p. M. Eastern for general speeches, followed by debate on the nomination of paula zanis to be u. S. District judge in maryland. Later in the week, well see work on military construction and funding for zika virus research. You can follow the senate live on cspan2. President obama is awarding the medal of valor to 13 individuals today. The honor is given each year to Public Safety officials who have shown exceptional courage in an attempt to save or protect others from harm. You can watch that ceremony from the white house at 11 35 a. M. Eastern here on cspan3. Tonight on the communicators, while visiting a Technology Fair on capitol hill, we spoke with fred upton from michigan, chair of the energy and commerce committee, and bill shuster, chair of the transportation and infrastructure committee. We also interviewed innovators from Ford Motor Company about new technology, spectrum issues, and the upcoming spectrum auction. Look where we are today in terms of communication, with job creation, were working on a major bill. Were working on legislation that weve already passed, but were going to see the fcc free up more spectrum, which can enable these devices to be built, to be used, to communicate. Were on the run. Putting in legislation, encouraging those states to start to make the to look at how do you build a road of the future . What are these autonomous vehicles, dealing with the companies that are here today, what do you need for your technology to be to work even better . From the very first generation of saying that we launched almost a decade ago, our focus has been on making your device as useful as possible in the car in a way that lets you keep your hands on the wheel and your eyes on the road. For us, thats always been about voice technology. Ford understands there is great demand for more spectrum for unlicensed use. So we are working with our colleagues to come up with a sharing solution. Were working with our colleagues at ntia. Were working with our colleagues at the department of transportation and most importantly the federal communications commission. Watch the communicators tonight at 8 00 eastern on cspan2. Congratulations to the class of 2016. Today is your day of celebration, and youve earned it. The voices crying for peace and light, because your choices will make all the difference to you and to all of us. Dont be afraid to take on cases, or a new job, or a new issue that really stretches your boundaries. You spent your summer abroad on realships rather than internships, and the specter of living in your parents basement after this Graduation Day is not likely to be your greatest concern. Throughout this month, watch commencement speeches to the class of 2016 in their entirety from colleges and universities around the country by business leaders, politicians, and white house officials, on cspan. The campaign 2016 bus continues its travels to honor winners from this years student cam competition. The bus made a stop in new jersey to recognize sixtime student cam winner madeline bow. She was honored in front of her classmates, family and Community Members before having a chance to visit the bus. The bus then traveled to west Scranton Intermediate School in pennsylvania to honor eighth graders fiona evans and abby obrien for their second prize winning Video National immigration issues. During the ceremony, they donated 500 of their 1,500 winnings to the local charity Bhutanese Community of scranton. They traveled to new jersey to celebrate the second prize winning video the next big problem. Over 250 classmates, teachers, family members and elected officials, including congressman leonard lance, joined in the ceremony for zachary. A special thanks to our cable partner comcast for helping to coordinate these visits. You can view all the winning documentaries at studentcam. Org. U. S. Treasury secretary jack lew previewed the upcoming g7 summit at a breakfast on friday with the Christian Science monitor. He also talked about puerto ricos debt crisis, the potential british exit from the european union, and the transpacific trade partnership. Okay, were going to start right on time. Im dave cook from the monitor. Thanks for coming. Our guest is treasury secretary jack lew. We appreciate his coming back before his trip next week to anchorage, and then to the g7 Foreign Ministers meeting in japan. Our guest flirted with a journalism career while he was editor of the Forest Hills High School beacon. He evidently thought better of it, and while in college caught the washington bug working for representatives, earned a bachelors degree at harvard and a law degree at georgetown between. He learned politics from a master in his role as Principal Deputy policy adviser to House Speaker tip oneill. As a special assistant to president clinton in 93 and 94, he played a key role in designing americorps. He was director of onb. He led the clinton budget team, the United States government posted a surplus for three consecutive years. He was chief operating officer of new york university, and then chief operating officer for two different citigroup Business Units before joining the Obama Administration in 2009 as deputy secretary of state for management and resources. He became omb director in november 2010, white house chief of staff in january 2012, and treasury secretary in february of 2013. Thus ended the biographical portion of the program. Now on to the riveting mechanical details. As always, were on the record here. Please, no live blogging or tweeting. In short, no filing of any kind while the breakfast is under way to give us time to actually listen to what our guest says. The embargo ends when our guest stops speaking. To allow you to file before the market opening, we will stop at 9 20. To help you curb that relentless selfie urge, well email several pictures of the session to all the reporters here as soon as the breakfast ends. And as regular attendees know, if youd like to ask a question, please do the traditional thing and send me a subtle, nonthreatening signal and ill happily call on as many reporters as we can get to in this time we have this morning with secretary lew. Were going to start with some opening comments and move to questions from around the table. Thanks again for doing this, sir. Appreciate it. Thanks so much, thanks for having me this morning. I feel like im 90 years old after hearing that biography. I wanted to touch on two things just at the top, and then go to questions. And ill start with domestic, and then talk about the g7 a bit. Domestically, what i want to talk about is puerto rico. We have been working very hard to try and address the growing crisis in puerto rico. It is not a crisis of the future. It is a crisis of the present. I was there on monday, and i saw firsthand with some of you what is going on right now for the three and a half million americans who live in puerto rico. I mean, there are childrens units where 2weekold babies waiting for dialysis, because it has to be ordered cash on delivery with wire transfers on a daily basis to keep supplies on the hospital. Its not a future crisis. Its a current crisis. We saw schools that start out in terrible condition where deferred maintenance is raising questions about basic safety. There is a solution. A solution is that Puerto Rico Needs to restructure its debt. Puerto rico doesnt have the ability to do that without legislative action. And weve been working on a bipartisan basis, trying to Reach Agreement so that puerto rico can get the tools it needs to get its fiscal house in order, to have an Oversight Authority that makes sure that puerto rico stays on a fiscally sustainable path. Time is very short. The conversations have been making progress. But they need to go from making progress to crossing the finish line, and that means that there needs to be a restructuring and it has to be a restructuring that works. It cant be something thats just called a restructuring. Let me shift, if i can, to the international and talk a bit about the meetings were going to be having next week in japan. It seems like every time we approach these meetings, its the right time for finance ministers around the world to be getting together. I think right now, it is particularly so given the tremendous need to make sure that we all stay focused on growing global demand, using all the policy tools that we have to accomplish that. And equally, to refrain from the kinds of things that could be harmful to the Global Economy, things Like Exchange rate policies that are getting the world into a place where you go from market determined Exchange Rates to competitive devaluation. We had a strong agreement in shanghai where the g20 countries agreed to refrain from competitive devaluation. Its very important that that be reiterated at the meeting we have with g7 finance ministers. A number of important and timely issues, ranging from the vote in the United Kingdom on brexit, to resolution of the greek debt problems, terrorist financing, Cyber Security, and financial regulation. I look forward to another productive set of meetings, but as i say, i think its an important moment for finance ministers to check in with each other personally. Why dont i stop there, and happy to go to questions. Let me do two quick once and well go around the table. I have a list of folks ill read as soon as i do mine. You made your i dont want is to say were 100 there because were still under way. Our team has provided a tremendous amount of technical input. I do believe its a good faith conversation. I do believe theres an understanding, that theres a crisis in puerto rico. I hope that that is successful. The only way to solve the problem is for congress to act. So the time is now and the stakes are quite high. You said that its the finance minister should refrain from the kind of things that could be harmful. How much have you heard from your fellow minister and or how much do you expect to hear about comments regarding the u. S. Debt and holding down the dollar of the value or printing dollars to avoid defaulting on the debt . Im not going to comment on the political debate, one of the attributes of being treasury of secretary is you dont engage in being politics. One of the things you do is spend a lot of time making sure we have the deepest, most liquid markets in the world, that our treasuries are the definition of safety. A lien a . Id like to ask against the backdrop of slowing global growth, chinas increases clout and a harder line toward china, what are the changes the u. S. Faces in regard to those over the course of the next year . The u. S. China economic relationship is one of the most important economic relationships in the world. We have the two largest economies in the world, the Global Economy will do well. If we do well, it will do well. If we suffer, we will suffer. Theres a responsibility that comes with being one of the two largest economies in the world. I think we made progress in the economic discussions but we have a lot more progress to make. They have the challenge of how do you reduce that capacity and manage the human consequence of millions of jobs being lost. Im encouraged bit fact that the Economic Policy experts there arent doing it because they think we want they to do it. Theyre pushing it because they believe its in chinas economic interests. To stay on the course of reform and market pressures and sustain rates of goods and services is going to be very hard. We have to continue to press as we meet for fromstrategics dial and other engagement but its going to take time. One interpretation being put on Donald Trumps comments about the dollar is that he no longer believes in a strong dollar. Would that be the wrong path . Does that make it harder for you in your dialogue with other minister when you have president ial candidates making these comments . I speak for this administration and on policies that have been policy for a long time. We have watched over the last couple of years where the u. S. Economys relative strength to other economies has led to a stronger dollar. The answer is for other economies to strengthen, for regions like europe, countries like china and japan, to take the steps they need to take to have their economies producing enough demand and Economic Activity so that the Exchange Rates naturally equilibriate through market mechanisms. We have urged urged is a soft word. We have exorted countries to adhere to the commitments weve made in the g7 and g20 because if other countries start moving towards competitive devaluation, it will start a Chain Reaction and if country a does it, country b will do it and country c will do it and pretty soon youre in a battle over a shrinking global pie. I believe that message as been very much embraced at the g7 and g20. Since 2013, we have had strong agreements and weve seen countries keep their agreements. Weve also been clear that if we see countries deviate from it, it will do great harm to their economies and positions. Do you want to do a followup . It was more specifically on japan. Clearly you grave a very strong signal to the japanese at the imf spring meetings that markets were orderly and that it was not an appropriate time for them to be intervening. Do you think that message has been heard . And what will your topic be at the g7 meeting . Japan needs bring all of its policy tools to bear. Theyve had a long period of economic challenge, either negative growth or flat growth, and part of the problem is they have not brought to bear all the tools, fiscal policy, Monetary Policy and structural policy. I think its reflective in the policies that Prime Minister abe has announced in the three arrows. Weve seen alternately more emphasis on one arrow than another but ultimately the arrow has been on the Monetary Policy. They need to have a longterm approach to bring their debt under control but not bring on shortterm economic define. Structural reform has been a major element thats been slow to make progress, where they would undertake reform of their Agriculture Sector as part of their tpp commitments. One of the reasons why its so important to maintain our unity pressing forward on having implementation of the agreement but japan needs do it for its own sake. They cant just rely on one of the lefevers. They need to use all of them. On the panama papers, why did you not choose to support what is there, what goes deeper than your proposal does, on the hill. And what keeps you up at night, front page on the New York Times talked about a second breach of the swift system. Were you aware of this . How concerning is it and Hedge Fund Losses are also piling up. How much does that trouble