Thats this week on press here. Good morning everyone. Im scott mcgrew. If you google best noise canceling headphones for long flights, you will get a long list of websites with that information. Now, some are ads, but others are links to dependable websites like wirecutter or cnet or travel and leisure. If you ask the same question of chatgpt, it just gives you the answer. It says a model by sony is best, followed by the old standby, the bose quiet comfort, so that i got that answer from somewhere, probably from those very same websites. Wire cutter, cnet and travel and leisure. But those websites get none of the credit. None of the eyes on their ads, no link affiliate money or anything else. Robert weissman is the president of public citizen, and while he probably doesnt stay up late at night worrying about wire cutters and dollars, he does have legitimate worries. Public citizen sent this letter to the federal trade commission, the doj and chairs of the house and Senate Antitrust committees warning lm search can sabotage the open internet. Robert, good morning. The way i understand this, websites are going to be hurt by this because fewer people are simply going to click those links, right . I mean, the Search Engines had everything to gain. Google can just answer the question, but those those websites have everything to lose. Thats exactly right. I mean, as google brings, Artificial Intelligence into search so that you get an answer for a full, rich narrative answer in the search response, theres no reason at all to click on the links and go to the actual sources, what we see is, is the worry of google sort of sucking the internet into itself and destroying potentially what exists now as the open internet and of course, leverage this kind of technology from google and also from bing and microsoft as they integrated into their whole 365 platform. Were really facing a major threat for the internet as we know it. And the irony is, as a consumer, i mean, i was on the floor the other day behind a stereo and, you know, asked siri about, you know, which jack does what. And of course, she just gives me websites and i want her to just yell it out. Right, the consumer would say, well, thats great. I mean, i dont even have to click around, etc, but it leaves content providers with no reason to write the content in the first place. Thats right. Theres a convenience to it. No doubt. Anybody whos played with, openais chatgpt or anything else knows it. Theyre fun and they give information. Theres another problem, too, as a consumer, which is now youre depending on the Artificial Intelligence to tell you the information. But we know the Artificial Intelligence, Large Language Models make mistakes all the time thats built into how they work. So youre not able to go. Youre not going to then go back to the original source and make a determination for yourself. In the course of accepting convenience, you may be losing accuracy and even reality. Theres kind of a wellknown case in tech about this, and that is a website called celebrity net worth where you can search for names. Google just started posting the information from celebrity net worth on googles search page. So this isnt even ai. Its i mean, its just straight scraping. It seems to me, the celebrity, the ceo rather of celebrity net worth who employs like 12 people making the site, told congress, quote, february 19th, 2016 was one of the worst days of my life because thats the day google began displaying net worth results, copied whole cloth for every single celebrity in our database. Now, i called up that ceo, and robert, i want to have you listen to what he had to say at that time. At one point before this major change occurred, you could google something and maybe there would be an answer in one of 100 different celebrities on our site where google would be displaying the number from our site on the page directly. There was this very specific date where all of a sudden, every time you did a search for a celebritys net worth, there was instead of ten links to websites on the search result page, there was just a giant box that took up on mobile. The entire mobile screen with our number that wasnt clickable, and it didnt have a link that you could click through to the website. Even visible on the page. So when that happened, it was a wall that made it essentially impossible for a user to click through to our website, even if they really wanted to. They just had no idea it was from a website. And overnight our traffic dropped Something Like 60. Or i think it was over a period of several days. It eventually became an 80 drop. Ill mention that the ceo of google actually was direct, directly asked about this in congressional testimony. He denied it, but he really didnt address the question properly. This isnt fair, robert. Right. I mean, if i or just scraping is pulling information off the internet, they did all the work and theyre getting none of the reward. Thats exactly right. When you combine the power of these new ai tools with a dominant search platform, youre going to have unfair advantage for google, unfair advantage for microsoft. Theyre basically taking the work of millions and millions of people, billions and billions of hours of labor, generating all this content, businesses relying on it, nonprofits relying on people coming to their sites and learning about the organization theyre taking all that, and theyre subsuming it into the Google Research response, into the information that bing or microsoft 365 copilot is going to give you. That is fundamentally unfair. Its not just unfair, its anticompetitive, and it will threaten the existence of the internet, because if new content providers cant bring people to their site because everything just stops at google, stops at microsoft, well, theres no reason to develop the information in the first place. So now thats the problem. What do we do about it . I mean, is this a you mentioned antitrust. Is this a washington issue . So the problem may be there in silicon valley, but its washington. Its got the cure by saying, hey, when you already are a dominant player, as google is in search or as microsoft is and office technology, you cant do this, you just cant do it. And its important that they establish those rules. Now before we see the harms take place, its way harder to undo something that transforms the way the internet works than to stop it from happening in the first place. So weve asked the regulatory agencies to act now to issue guidance and clarity for google, microsoft and anyone else. These are the rules of the game. Weve got andy. Weve got antitrust rules already in place. We can see how this is going to play out. Dont go there because its not fair and were not going to permit it. And if you do go there, were going to come after you right away. Do you think youre going to be successful . I think for the first time in a couple of generations, weve got strong antitrust enforcers at the federal in the federal government. I think theyre going to look hard at this problem. And im hopeful that theyre going to be able to take some proactive measures. Robert weissman, i appreciate your time. It is indeed a serious problem that a lot of people just havent begun to grasp. Robert weissman is the president of public citizen. Thank you for being with us and press here. Well be back in just a moment. Snags mobile showroom means smg comes to you. Smg comes to me. Smg comes to you to my house. Just one call to smg. Carpet and theyll bring the areas largest showroom home to you. And during smgs mothers day sale, theyll pay your sales tax and give you up to 15 off. Select carpet, waterproof core hardwood or laminate up to 15 off. And smg pays the sales tax. Smg more than carpet. Go to sg carpet comm for the showroom nearest you or to have their mobile showroom come to you. 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Not only can an image sensor detect a cancer cell, it can recognize that it is cancer. David west is the ceo of prochet. He joins us from philadelphia. David, this is software on your end right there is an image sensor, but its the software thats really doing the hard work and doing this detection. Thats right. We take images that are generated by scanners and bring those images into our platform. And thats where all the magic happens. And this with a with a pathologist. This makes their job that much easier. Im guessing. Yeah thats right. Pathologists for the past 150 years have been using microscopes, Victorian EraTechnology Like the 1937 olympus behind me to look at these little glass slides with pieces of tissue. The same thing that youd see in like an eighth grade biology classroom. Thats what pathologists use to diagnose cancer. But just like much of our lives have moved to a digital discipline in pathology is moving to an image based discipline. Finally, after many years, its been this Little Corner of medicine that is just Going Digital right now. And what we do is build software to make it really easy for the pathologists to power their workflows, to collaborate with each other, and to use the benefits of ai in their workflows as well. And the advantage that weve seen for quite some time now that as medicine gets digitized is the pathologist does not necessarily need to be in the same hospital as the as the patient. Yeah. Pathologists are sort of the overlooked discipline of medicine, but theyre at the center of everything that we do. They are both literally and metaphorically in the basement. But once you work in a digitized world pathologist can be anywhere. They could be on a beach in hawaii while reading some patients cancer. And thats great for pathologists. Its also great for patients. It means that the right pathologist is reading your case rather than the pathologist that just happens to be in the hospital or laboratory that geographically closest to you. Lets say you you have a melanoma or some rare cancer. You want a subspecialist in that case, dermatopathologist , maybe even one whos specialized in melanoma reading your case, that makes sense. Now at some point i in every conversation, the concept of ai comes into the how are you using ai at all . Or is this the one time where somebodys going to say, no, we dont we dont touch it . Yeah, were in the very early days of adoption of ai in pathology already behind the scenes, it has transformed the Research Side of pathology in helping pharmaceutical Companies Understand disease. On a deeper level, maybe predicting whether a patient is going to respond to a Precision Medicine drug based on what is happening in the tissue. Were now starting to see that trickle into real world diagnostic settings. Its in its early days, and pathology has to go Digital First before we can start using ai. You cant use ai if youre still using a physical microscope, but thats one of the cool things, is that these two technologies are coming to pathology at the same time. The Imaging Technology as well as ai. Now, there is talk. I for some reason, its often radiologists that are brought up that that machines will eventually replace doctors, or at least doctors. We wont need as many of them pathologists, radiologists because they can supervise the machines. Is that is that a realistic fear . We have a huge shortage of pathologists globally, and its getting worse in the us. Weve seen this in other geography years, like in the uk, where nhs hospitals, only 3 of them have enough pathologists to meet demand. And just in the past five years, turnaround times from patients for patients have gone from a few days to 4 or 6 eight weeks. That trend is now coming to the us because the workforce that pathologists have declined while cancer rates have increased, biopsy volumes have have increased, and case complexity has increased because theres so many new therapies that are available to patients today, we need ai to keep up. We need an ai to keep up with all the new therapies, and we need ai to keep up with the declining workforce of pathologists. Well, and you mentioned it a couple of times, individualized medicine, which is just such an exciting you know, it used to be if you had a something wrong, you had a disease. This is the pill we give you. We cut it in half because youre not as as big as this other person. That was the limit of individualized medicines. But were going to get to the point here pretty soon, in which everyone who has a condition of some sort is getting treatment and medicine that is absolutely on the cellular level. Yeah. For them, thats thats 100 right. And pathology has a huge role to play in that in, you know, just the past few years weve gone from treatments that are sledgehammers like chemotherapy to treatments that are scalpels. And the good news is were developing what are essentially cures. And thats amazing. The challenge is those are only cures to a small subset of patients who qualify for those treatments, whether thats kind of the right, you know, genetic mutation or whatever other criteria would qualify that patient for that treatment. Pathologists are the ones who determine that. Pathologists figure out what patient should get on what drug, and thats where we really need this technology to keep up with this, you know, flourishing ecosystem of new therapies. So i want to point out you are not a doctor, though. You did, study, medical technology in school. Youre an entrepreneur first, and youve been an entrepreneur for a very long time. Was it disk dot net . Have i got that right . My First Business was tape to disk. Net when i was very young. I was probably probably in seventh grade. I started taking vhs tapes and converting them to dvds, i learned the value of, values of entrepreneurship and also the value of, moving from old analog mediums to new digital mediums. I also learned that you dont want to mess up really important information, like someones wedding video, and Healthcare Health care data is not like a wedding video, but it comes with its own analogy, value in in a different way, in its own, its own, kind of import sense, so thats, thats thats kind of not how i necessarily got into this space. But i think that, that my early entrepreneurial journeys, you know, inspired much of what i done in medicine. Thats fantastic, david west, thank you for being with us this morning. David west is the thank you, ceo of prosha. And, press here. Well be right back. Every day were on a mission to inspire conservation of the ocean. For all who call this blue planet home. 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Call one 800 400. Berg welcome to twin pine casino and hotel. Feel the thrill on our exciting casino floor. Indulge in exquisite dining, unwind in our Luxurious Hotel rooms at twin pine casino and hotel in lake county, california. Welcome back to press here. Hackers have some memorable names. Fancy bear interfered with us election lulzsec. Anonymous had us all on edge for a while. My next guest is Cyber Security expert, whos worried about volt typhoon. Thats a good name. Volt typhoon alexander yampolsky, ceo of security scorecard. Alexander, what is volt typhoon and what do i need to worry about here . Scott good morning. Volt typhoon is a nation state Threat Actor Group linked to china thats been in the spotlight this month due to a joint advisory issued by nsa and fbi. And the ccsa advisory noted that volt typhoon lurked inside us. Critical infrastructure for at least five years, its been burrowing into the networks of aviation, rail, mass transit, highway, maritime to reposition themselves for potentially destructive cyber attacks. Now, this is not the first time, even just this week, weve heard about china and all the threats. I read in reports on there was worry by the Biden Administration that the cranes at the oakland port could be taken over somehow by the chinese itself. All of our infrastructure and technology is open to this sort of stuff. Americas ports are the main point of entry for trade. They employ 31 Million People and generate over 5. 4 trillion for the us economy. So massive amounts of money and 80 of those ship to shore cranes move in trade at a us ports are manufactured in china. And just like you said, scott, this is a very sophisticated technologies. They run software also built in china and should they be compromised and they could be used to surveil us ports, it could offer an ability for an adversary to identify possible targets. It could allow an adversary to press a button and just shut down the entire infrastructure. And all of a sudden, if the cranes cant move the goods cant leave the ports. Using the cranes, the trade cant continue and its a big risk to have 80 of a actual hardware and software manufactured in a foreign country. And this is going to be a tough question for you, but how do we simultaneously trade with a country that we know is also spying on us, and how do we buy things from china if were also thinking, oh no, the cranes might be spying on us . Well, its a great question. And its a complicated question because because we all became interconnected to each other, not only did we become interconnected to each other, the information is being digitized. You have a proliferation of ot and iot devices. Now you can have cranes spying on you. Your refrigerator could be connected to the internet. So you put a you put a box of milk into a refrigerator, and it could be recording what you speak into your wife in the kitchen. So how do you solve it . We cannot avoid the fact that the world became more complex, but what we need to start doing is we need to Start Building systems to be secure by design, which is actually what Us Cybersecurity Agency advocates is, a lot of a time you plug in a baby camera or you plug in a router at your home, it comes insecure out of the box. Its just misconfigured. So we need to start with these devices being configured to be secure by default. And we also need to have a minimum standard of security, due care. We need to start measuring and quantifying cybersecurity, which has never been done before because what you dont measure you cannot improve in cybersecurity. No quantification, no kpis. We need to start being able to quantify and measure cybersecurity and have a minimum standard of care. And that is whats going to accelerate the digital trade and allow us to start trusting each other again. Switching to russia for just a second, there was a big announcement a few days ago about lock bed countries working together to take over, a hacking groups system. In fact, they plastered their own flags on the hackers website, which i thought was a really nice touch. This this is cooperation, that is going to be necessary moving forward. These are all generally nato allies, but these are these are countries working together to shut this down. Yeah. So, an International Law enforcement operation led by Britains National crime agency and fbi arrested and indicted members of the Lockbit Ransomware gang. Its an unprecedented Police Operation that struck one of the worlds most notorious cybercrime gangs, and, you know, lockbit, that was one of the main perpetrators of Ransomware Attacks all over the world. They would use this countdown clock that would tick down and create the social pressure on you to pay, and they would use a ransom demand style 10 million challenge in place of a traditional offer of a reward. And i thought this was actually a great work by fbi and Britains National crime agency, because when we come together with stronger adversaries, attack companies individually, they go after this company and then they apply the same techniques to go after five more companies. But what if we all came together . We started sharing information. We started collaborating between the private and the public sector, because the hackers dont respect the concept of borders, theyre just doing it for profit. Speaking of countries, you published a Cyber Resilience scorecard that lists countries by vulnerability to hacking. And one of the key insights, theres a correlation between vulnerability and gdp. Explain that to me. Well, 100. You know, when i visited the World Economic forum in davos, earlier this year, there was a lot of conversation about global cyber inequity. If you are a big bank and you have plenty of capital, or if you are a prosperous country, for example, a country in the western europe or United States or canada, you have a lot of money and you have a lot of resources to, to, invest into Cyber Security. You can buy tools, you can stay ahead of, of threats. We saw an almost 80 correlation, 80 correlation. It was very, very tight coupling between how prosperous the country is and how well protected they are. You know, the other interesting few things that we discovered as we did this research is that actually the same top ten Threat Actor Groups are the adversaries behind 44 of the incidents. So the same ten Threat Actor Groups, and usually where they put their operational infrastructure to break into companies and countries. A lot of it is in china and russia, 24 is originating in china, 15 in russia. So you already had almost 40 of the infrastructure there having the same experience as we are. Well, picking on the little guys too. Well, doctor alexander yampolsky of securityscorecard, thank you for joining us. Press here. Well be back in just a minute. Moving the bay area forward, thats why we investigate. Its about helping people. Se trata de ayudar a la gente. Digging deeper to expose the truth. Its about challenging power. Making sure your voice is heard and finding solutions. Because progress means a Better Future for everyone. 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