Our stop today in erie, pennsylvania. Us to talk about the 2020 election there is Joseph Morris of mercy hearst university, with the center for applied politics. He serves as their director, as well as the Political Science chair. Good morning to you. Guest good morning. Host can you give us a snapshot of what youre he, pennsylvania of what erie, pennsylvania looked like in 2016, in particular, how it voted for President Trump . Guest yeah, that is an incredibly difficult question to answer, even with good Public Opinion polling. Erie county, of course, has been historically, overwhelmingly democratic in terms of voter registration. In 2016, i think we saw a perfect storm for democrats. Erie countys economy has been suffering for a number of years , and we had a candidate in Hillary Clinton that Many Democrats in erie county had concerns about. That combined with the promises of a renaissance in manufacturing that donald trump made, i think it led to a narrow but, in the end, ultimately a victory. Host what has changed in the years since then . Have there been any significant changes that could mean Different Things in 2020 . Guest yeah. Again, these are very challenging questions. We are still a year out from the president ial election, so just about anything can happen. However, what we have seen in the last three years is erie county, voters in erie countys perception of the economy has changed dramatically. The number of people in erie county that are reporting very positive things about the economy has increased since february 2017. For example, voters in erie county are likely to say that the state of their economy is good, a larger percentage of them than at any time since 2017. A larger percentage of voters are likely to say that jobs in their communities are easy to find and their personal financial situation is good. Their personal financial situation is good. For a county that has struggled for so many decades, this is, i think, a really good sign for erie county and i think it also gives us some indication of what we are looking at in 2020. Host a recent poll of yours took a look at these types of issues, economics being one of them. If what you say is true, does that mean potentially voters could support the president again, or does your poll show other factors that could change or sway that . Yeah, i think that if i had to guess what was going to happen, make my best prediction of what was going to happen in 2020, i would say if the election was held today, we would have an incredibly close election. Though our poll shows that at least one democrat has a substantial lead, lead that is outside the margin of error of our poll that is joe biden i think when it comes down to the people who actually turn out to vote, we are likely to see a number of people that are really just looking at the economy and saying, im going to stick with donald trump. Variableshere are that are pushing people in the opposite direction. Namely, how he has handled a variety of other issues, and i think the way he has interacted with World Leaders and the american public. I think if the election was held today, the despite the fact that we have a relatively strong pull for democrats, it would be a relatively close election. Host you highlight some of the matchups between the president and various candidates. You cite joe biden on that list, followed by Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders. What is it about those three that makes those in erie, pennsylvania more likely to go to one of those three . I am always very careful to Pay Attention to margins of error, particularly after 2016. We did some polling in september 20 that was actually a statewide poll where we looked at a matchup between Hillary Clinton and donald trump, and we had a margin of error, we actually had Hillary Clinton up by a point, which was well within the margin of error. At matchups in erie county, i am always very conscious of that. Only joe biden is leading outside of that margin of error. I think that is telling about we in erie county tends to prefer relatively moderate candidates. For example, in 2016 during the republican primary, we matched up all the republican candidates with Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton, and the only candidate that came out ahead in those matchups with regard to both Bernie Sanders and hillary who waswas john kasich, arguably the most moderate of those republican candidates. So the fact that joe biden is ahead, outside of the margin of error today among registered voters is not at all surprising to me. He is the most moderate all democratic candidates. Host this is Joseph Morris, by the way, with Mercyhurst University to talk about the battleground state of pennsylvania. You heard him focus on erie, pennsylvania, but will talk about the state in a larger sense too. If you want to ask him questions about 2020 and the potential for pennsylvania as a battleground state, 202 7488001 for republicans. Emma kratz, democrats, 202 7488000. 202 7488002. And if you are a pennsylvania resident, give us a call at 202 7488003. What could this mean for not as President Trump, but the challengers that you list . Guest well, recent polling suggests recent polling of pennsylvania as a whole suggests that democrats should be very optimistic about 2020. While the lead that democrats enjoy in pennsylvania as a whole is not as large as the lead that , say, joe biden is experiencing here in erie, it is nonetheless substantial. If i am a democrat looking at pennsylvania in 2020, i am feeling really good about it. I do not know if there is a way for donald trump to get to the white house again without going today, pennsylvania, so democrats should feel really good about this. Host if economics are good and continue to be, continue to at least perform strongly, what other factors goes into whether someone votes for President Trump or votes for a democrat . Guest one of the most interesting findings of our poll, and this is something we found in every iteration of this is that two017, really important indicators from donald trump performance are going in opposite directions. We find that voters in erie county tends to be very supportive, very appreciative, very much approving of the job he has done in managing the economy. Other hand, when they are asked about his performance as president , the numbers go in the opposite direction. Arguably two of the most important predictors of the outcome of residential elections, and they are moving in opposite directions. I think the important question case . Is, why is that the his job approval is so low, despite the fact the economy is doing so well. Our polling provides a number of answers to that, i think. We asked voters a battery of 14 questions, all related to issues that donald trump is attempting to handle. The exception of three of those issues, voters disapprove of the way he is handling the remaining issues. These are issues that are really important to him, issues like immigration, like gun control, like the environment. Even taxes and really important for the county of erie, infrastructure. Host our first call for you comes from uri, pennsylvania. The line for democrats. This is bill with our guest, Joseph Morris. Bill, go ahead. Caller yeah, i wanted to ask joe by the way, i am glad to see that mercyhurst is getting some air time. It is a great university. I wanted to ask joe, when the Mueller Report came out up there up here in erie and to,sburgh, what did that do you know, when they came out and for two yearseard was Mueller Report, wait until it comes out. The Mueller Report came out and it was a big dud, and always heard was, wait till bob mueller comes up and testifies. With everybody tuned into that, joe . What did that do for morale on our side . Im thinking, a lot of people that were kind of on top of things during those two years have kind of dropped by the wayside, and the other question i wanted to ask is, do you have any friends down in pittsburgh that you are getting any input as far as, you know, here in pennsylvania it is always pittsburgh and philadelphia, maybe allentown and erie that will put a president ial candidate over the top. I have wondering, have you heard anything from down in pittsburgh . Everyone down in pittsburgh thinks that the economy is my idea is when everybody is happy, they dont really pay much attention to the news. Thanks, bill. We appreciate it. We will let our guest respond. Of the Mueller Report, unfortunately, we do not have any polling on that. The numbersay is have been fairly consistent since 2017. Hise have been a steady disapproval have been on a fairly steady trajectory upward. People whoof disapprove of his performance in office has steadily increased since 2017. Thehe Mueller Report and investigation regarding russian collusion i think is just one of many variables that have acted into peoples assessments of this president s job performance. Voter perception across pennsylvania, we have actually only focused on erie county polling, and i have to pollingally on other organizations for assessments of Public Opinion across the state, but i will say that i dont see that much difference between what is going on here in erie, pennsylvania and what is going on in pennsylvania as a whole. Donald trumps numbers tends to be trending in the same direction, whether you are in a recount he or out there in pittsburgh, allentown, or philadelphia. Host from edward in battle creek, michigan, independent line. Go ahead. Guest yes, i had a question regarding the economy. The fact that we are running enormous deficits now i mean, what i read was that this years deficit is going to be almost 1 trillion, maybe 950 billion. Economy, goodod economy, we are having an enormous deficit. These deficits are projected to go on for the next five years, and that would mean that the National Debt then is once again exploding. 22 trillion. I do not know what is the status of the solvency of medicare and Social Security is, i would wonder that as well, but why are these fiscal huge problems. How is it that you cant even get near a balanced budget in a good economy . Anyone else bothered that we are having trillion dollar deficits in a good economy . You know . Host mr. Morris, go ahead. Reallyyeah, that is a good question. I do not know i can answer the first, why are we doing this. Why are we making decisions that are constantly increasing that size of our National Budget . I am not sure i can answer that. I can tell you in terms of Public Perception of those is ants, erie county increasingly diverse place. I am originally from los angeles, california, was raised andwest, educated out west, did not come out to this part of the country until i was 30. If you would have asked me then back in 2000 what erie county looked like, i would have said it was filled with a bunch of bluecollar workers, and i probably would have been right. Over the past 20 or 30 years, the population has diversified and the views have diverse of five. We have all different people in this county, and a lot of them are very traditional republicans that i am white confident voted for donald trump quite confident voted for donald trump with some reservations in 2016. The interesting question in 2020 will be in what direction those folks go. Are more conservative than the average person in erie county, but they also tend to be rather fiscally conservative. Something that this president may be paid lip service to but never really executed during his time in office, at least not yet. I think that issue may become important, and i will be interested to see which direction that goes, just as you will be, i am sure. Host we will hear from a republican in annville, pennsylvania. This is susan. Go ahead. Caller hi, i was just calling to kind of debunks the last couple of callers. First, the gentleman from yuri, it is true and, it is sad that pennsylvania, you know, is based on what its berke and philly and pittsburgh and philly and erie does, because pennsylvania is a much more vibrant and diversified state other than being determined by a few cities, and i live in the republican t of the state. I have my whole life. One of those folks said, i hear one of the democrats talking woman, i am a white educated, soccer mom type of person. Although i did vote for President Trump in the primary, did not vote for President Trump in the primary, i went to john kasich because he is from pennsylvania, i supported President Trump in the general election and i will do that again, and mainly it is because of the attacks that the democrats are doing. As far as the deficit goes, i dont like deficits being added either, but president obama added 9 trillion plus to the democrats seemed to forget that and they just hammer on this 1 trillion amount for President Trump. Honestly, i benefited from that like i said, so i, will support him again in 2020. Without hesitation. Host we will let our guest respond to that. Guest yeah, i can speak about erie county. I think our polling shows something that is at least relevant there. Not the most important piece of legislation of the trump inistration has had passed the most important the legislation the Trump Administration has had passed is his tax reform. We have seen in erie county, support for his tax reform was the population was evenly divided in erie county when he was talking about it generally in 2017. About itan to talk more seriously later on that year, public support tends to dissipate. We have more people disapproving than approving. As we progressed towards today, the number of people who disapprove of Donald Trumps tax reform is at an alltime high here in erie county. The caller, i think it is wonderful that she benefited from this, but i am not sure that people in those key places like erie feel the same way. In fact, many of them, i think, feel that it did maybe even harmed them a little. With donald trump looking at 2020 and thinking about the things he wants to make sure everyone is aware of, tax reform may work in some places, but in key places like erie, i am not sure that they will. Host she mentioned the republican t. Can you give some insight to that . Guest pennsylvania is an incredibly diverse place. Once famously said that there is pittsburgh and philadelphia and alabama in the middle. This is referring to the center part of pennsylvania. We have an incredibly large inublican population, large terms of geography that occupies the center of our state. However, the western half of the state and the philadelphia area tends to be more democratic. We tend to find a large percentage of public in support coming from republican support coming from pennsylvania in that region. Host this is Joseph Morris, joining us from Mercyhurst University to take a look at battleground states. We will hear from bob in tennessee, hi. Caller good morning, gentlemen. The 2016 election, you were not even close. You had Hillary Clinton running away with this thing. Thepiece that you put on screen showed that donald trump won pennsylvania. So you can skew the poll anyway you like. Maybe we should ask the question of [inaudible] how do you feel about the Democrat Party deliberately lawfullying a duly, elected president of the United States . Running a [inaudible] host are you there . Caller for three years he you have been running this coup detat, but the democrats have allowed the country to be invaded on the southern border, coming in at taking American Workers jobs. You do not have any problem with that. The evidence of your polling has always been an accurate and you just lie to the American People all day and donald trump will host we will let our guest respond. Guest sure. Yeah, polling has definitely received a lot of criticism after 2016, and in some cases, that is for really good reasons. However, the polling i did prize to the 2016 election was about as accurate as it possibly could be. 2016, we had of Hillary Clinton up by only a single point, well within our margin of error. For all intents and purposes, Hillary Clinton and donald trump were locked in a dead heat for pennsylvania and it could break either way. A lot can happen in a month in politics. You think of all that happened in 2016 that some people think adversely affected Hillary Clintons chances of winning in november, in the end, i think our polling was actually quite good. Theother point, about impeachment effort i assume that is what we were talking the impeachment effort that is underway right now, or the inquiry that is underway, is one that has Great Potential for democrats and republicans in terms of the 2020 election. If this works out well for the contexts, then we see a between contest between one of the democrats in the field right now and an unknown republican, because donald trump is removed from office. However, if we look back to the 1990s, the most recent impeachment process that we have at our disposal, we saw things working out in exactly the opposite direction. What happened was that by the time we got to a trial in the senate, where the senate was considering whether or not to remove bill clinton from office, bill clinton was enjoying his highest public, president ial job Approval Ratings in history of the entire administration. This in peterman investigation does in fact hold real promise and peril for the democratic party. So we will have to see how that works out. Host democrat line from fairview, pennsylvania. Frank, hello. Caller hello. Host you are on, go ahead. Caller i want to know the guests opinion of the Electoral College. It seems to me that the Electoral College is an antique, its time has passed and we are cheating the individual voter. What do you think . Well, the Electoral College is an institution that was created for, i think, some really good reasons. Whether or not those reasons are still really good today is a matter of debate. Having said that, we have seen throughout our history, every time the Electoral College has a up, makes a hicc a mistake, does not necessarily reflect the popular vote, every time we have seen an anomaly in the Electoral College, there have been numerous efforts to reform it. This time around is really no different. Across the nation, we are seeing people, some concerted efforts, some just conversation, but maybe it is time to abolish that institution that the framers thought was so wonderful and was considered to be an incredibly wonderful innovation at the time of the framing. In terms of my opinion on that, i think if democracy is what we are after, if the popular vote is somehow more important to us today or somehow more important to us today then in competition that occurs 50 individual states, we have to seriously consider some alternative to the Electoral College. Does it have to be abolishing it entirely . I think it cano, be a modification in one way or another. But, you know, this is a conversation the nation has to have a whole. It is not something we should do really without much thought, it is something we need to sit down and consider and have probably a multiyear dialogue about, because it is a serious step in making a change to the constitution like that. Morris, you talked about economics. When you see Bernie Sanders or Elizabeth Warren talking about medicaid for all, is this something voters in erie are buying into . Erie voters have regularly disapproved with Donald Trumps handling of health care. I think this is because voters very high expectation when donald trump was elected. You will recall that he regularly said that once he was elected, he was going to have, we were going to have a Great Health Care system, the best health care system. That never manifested. Voters here in erie county are becoming increasingly concerned about health care once again. If this becomes a major issue in 2020, it would not surprise me at all. From bangor, pennsylvania, republican line. Lisa, hi. Caller hi, good morning. I was just listening to your show and i just i get so frustrated when you guys talk about polling, because i really dont understand how polling works. Ive never taken a poll. No one i know has ever taken a poll. Becauseof, like, funny when donald trump got elected it was like, this big old surprise , where ias so obvious live, that he was going to win. I mean, he had so much support in my section of pennsylvania. Even when i traveled through pennsylvania all the way down to virginia, it was all trump signs. Husband and was like, oh my gosh, you know . Everywhere. Everywhere i looked was trump signs. And the thing was, because hes not a politician and so hes you know, he was a millionaire, whatever, but you know, you cant be jealous of him for that, just because somebody has money and you dont. The democrats all of a sudden, its like everybody should, like, quit their jobs and sell their businesses because you are going to get free everything. Why even bother working . U, lisa. T yo about your poll, mr. Morris, how many people did you survey . Were they likely voters, registered voters, and what is the breakdown between republicans and democrats . Comprised ofll was randomly selected registered voters in pennsylvania. We only polled about 407, which gave us a margin of error of minusplus or five points. This is a small poll, but it is one that i think is perfectly adequate for what we are doing. But the question about likely voters is an important one. Right now, we are polling only registered voters. I am one of those people that believes it is way too early to identify likely voters, and we are not doing our community much service by providing information on people that we think might turn out to vote in a year from now. Voters,only registered which is why i say in all likelihood come 2020, we are going to have a much closer election in our poll results suggest. Enjoying any be advantage right now, but when it comes time to vote, i think we are going to see a much closer race. You know, back in 2016, we also managed to document in the state of pennsylvania and Enthusiasm Gap between democrats and republicans. This is something that was talked a lot about by political commentators, political scientists who are doing this work and trying to understand who is going to turn out to vote. TheEnthusiasm Gap favored republicans. Republicans were far more enthusiastic to vote for donald trump the democrats were to vote for Hillary Clinton. All surprise me that if what this election in 2020 comes down to is enthusiasm for a candidate. I think this is why it is so important that the democrats choose wisely if they want a chance to win back erie county. Voters are enthusiastic about this candidate, we are likely to see the democrats and out the republicans in the county and if we dont have a candidate that people can get behind, get excited about, we are likely to see a close race or another win for trump. I think the candidates election here is incredibly important candidate selection here is incredibly important. Host announcer coming up momentarily on cspan, joe biden campaigning in rochester, new hampshire. Live coverage set to get underway very shortly. We will take you there live any moment. Some news today from syria. This tweet from Lucas Thomason of fox news. Kurdish troops are under siege are underjets, bombardment from turkish jets, urgently request air support from u. S. And nofly zone to protect civilians. The u. N. General counsel will take up the syrian issue tomorrow, we understand. Right now we will take you to rochester, new hampshire, live as they are waiting to hear from joe biden. Live coverage. [indiscernible] announcer our Campaign Coverage in 2020 in rochester, new hampshire. Joe biden set to speak shortly. We will have it live. Until then, we will take a look at some of todays washington journal. Counselis is the senior and implement director talking about cases heard at the Supreme Court yesterday. Can you ascribe first of all, landon legal. Can you describe what it is . We are theguest Largest Organization dedicated to the legal rights of oji bt of lgbt. We events the cause of equality and fair treatment. Host those issues that were discussed at the Supreme Court yesterday, can you describe the cases that were heard . Give us a broadbased description, what are the issues at play . Guest the main thing people need to know, these cases were all brought under title vii of the Civil Rights Act under 1964. One of the most famous Things Congress ever did was to enact legislation that said, in many , youes of public life cant fire someone or refuse to hire someone because of their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. That was the law back then. For many years, it was thought that that did not cover people because they were lgbt, but about 20 years ago, transgender people started to win a lot of cases under federal nondiscrimination laws that had been sextus commission. Only recently had been sex these commission. Only recently in the past few years, the courts have thought that gays, lesbians, and bisexuals also applied under the law. Whether, basically, it is sex discrimination if you fire don, but not donna, if they both state men. Or you are if they both date men. Or if you are thrilled with what andrew does as work, but as soon as they are coming to work as their true self amy and the get fired, that is sex discrimination. That was before the court yesterday. Host one of the questions asked by justice alito, when the congress has been asked to address this, congress has declined or failed to act on these requests. If the court takes this up and interprets this 1964 tattooed this 1964 statute, we will be acting exactly like a legislature. What about that argument . Guest you might have heard the argan that have been made here are pure textualism arguments. Theres a very candid admission on employees part that the congress in 1964 was not setting out to protect lgbt people from disconnection. The argument from discrimination. The argument is that the statute does that. Them, theyasked probably would have said Something Like it will protect a lesbian when its legal for a woman to marry a woman. The social landscape has it is not clear. Textual lists textualists it islways held that becoming the entire courts way of approaching things, from Justice Kagan to justice theuch, is we only know words of the statute, and that is what will apply. But if you ask somebody back in 1964, they would say we are not protecting lgbt people. But if you said what about a day in the future where people can get married and explain everything, then that probably would be. The only thing thats different between the guy if mary and mark are both married to a guy named steve, the only difference you fire one and not the other is because of sex. Host if you want to ask questions in the eastern and central time zones, its 202 7488000. Mountain and pacific time zones, 202 7488001. R, 202 re lgbtq viewe 7488002. You can text those thoughts at 202 7488003. Gorsuch said, the massive social of people that would follow from a Supreme Court ruling saying such a significant change might be more appropriate coming from Congress Rather than the courts. Guest thats one thing that Justice Gorsuch said. What was interesting about especially that, what we he was referencing was a dissent that judge lynch issued. If you go back to the transcripts, these arguments were back to back, he mentioned this in the gender identity case. In thet mention it Sexual Orientation case. I think the reason why he talks about what is a closed case and what is not, heres what judge lynch was saying. He started talking about hes like, surely congress didnt attempt to prohibit all distinctions. If every single time you treat a man any woman differently, that is not a violation of title vii. It is an especially silly argument when it comes to Sexual Orientation. Know, wehing we now dont have to decide whether every single distinction between a man any woman is abiding by title vii. Here we are talking about a distinction based on their intimate relations or their marriage. We know for a certainty after the spring court ruling that that is a bad reason the Supreme Court ruling that that is a bad reason to distinguish minute women. I think the fact that distinguish between men and women. I think the fact that he recognized that is a terrible rationale for this. But im not concerned so much about does mean bad news for us in gender identity cases. I thought the aclu lawyer had a great response to that. Weve been winning these cases for 20 years for transgender people. There are 21 sates that have protections based on gender identity. None of these have happened. Justices are free to engage in rhetorical questions. They probably do want fodder for their opinions to justify what they are doing, but justice scalia, as soon as someone talked about the consequent is of interpreting the statute as it was, he would put up his hand and go, if Congress Went too far and passed a law thats going to lead to things they didnt want to, they know exact what to do about that, but we are here to interpret the laws. Host if the justice weigh in on your side of the opinion, what changes specifically when it comes to Employment Law . Guest thats a great question. It would mean that from everyone could invoke title vii, a federal law that you go to federal court. They usually give you a right to federal court. That would be available to all lgbt people coasttocoast. Employees he position, and these cases are still going forward. That will not stop until the Supreme Court says lgbt people are not covered. Right now, the situation is there are 29 states where they dont have specific statutes for protections. The court rules absolutely against this acrosstheboard, people would immediately have to resort to state law protections. The 21 states that have them. Wisconsin has them for actual orientation, but not gender identity. Then theres one thing that has to be done, which is to pass the equality act. The equality act before Congress Goes way beyond employment. It covers housing and a variety of things, public accommodations. Right now, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not include sex discrimination and protections for accommodations. We need to pass the equality act to get that. The ability of transgender people to exist in public spaces is at stake. Example ofuld be an the Lgbt Community doing something for all of the people that would be because the equality act broadens the currently embarrassingly small list of what constitutes public accommodation. Retail stores, macys, they are not covered at all. They can put a sign in the nodow that says no blacks, mexicanamericans, no canadians can shop here. That would hopefully never happen, but they can do that, and they wouldnt be violating any law, and thats crazy. People have a general understanding of what constitutes public accommodation. We want the Civil Rights Act of 1964 terrific that. Host we have because lined up. This is lisa in atlanta, georgia. Youre up first. Go ahead, please. Caller good morning, and thank you for taking my call. I have a question, if you would please provide some clarity come on yesterdays case. One, i heard that it was dismissed in the lower court, so im trying to figure out, if it is dismissed in the lower court, why . And how to did end up in the Supreme Court . And also, if you could put some clarity on what was the reason mr. Bostic was given for his termination . I understand he believes it was because he was a gay man, but what was the reason they gave him . Guest sure. I didnt dissected the three cases that were before the court, and the caller one of the cases is from georgia. Clayton county is one of the five metropolitan counties. I actually live in atlanta. It is one of the five counties in metropolitan atlanta. One of the lawsuits was gerald bostic, a social care worker in the Clayton County system, and had worked for the county for some time. What he alleges basically is that he was doing fine in his job and was well regarded, and when they found out he was a member of a gay softball league, they tried to ratchet up the scrutiny of his performance. Basicallyn audit, and and they said the audit turned up something, and we are firing you. And he is saying thats just a pretext, and that i was subjected to discrimination when they found out i was in a gay softball league. And heres the way these cases work. Cases were both cases where the plaintiff theoyees won below, and employers asked the Supreme Court to review those, the Supreme Court said yes. The bostic case is the reverse of that because the court in atlanta what is interesting about the court in atlanta, and i know this well because i did the case before that that led to , when weg this one started off to do this work many years ago, to get Sexual Orientation to skirmish covered by title vii, every court that had weighed in orientation discrimination covered by title vii, every court that had weighed in on it said something bad about our position. The Circuit Court was one of those courts. But they did so at the tail end of the 1979 decision, and really havent addressed the issue ever since. Zartastance, when mr. Won, and earlier when my client courts were, those asked to look at their old precedent and say it was wrong. They could only do that by convening the whole court. You have to go through a lot of procedural hurdles in order to get them to do that. We werent really considering this the way we should. Were going to take another look at this. The 11th circuit said we cant be bothered. Ere too busy or more likely, what they really said is, you know, if the seventh circuit has done this and the Second Circuit done this, we dont need every other circuit to do this. To do ut were not going this and see if the Supreme Court will give us a National Sort of is is conjecture as to what sort of motivated them. To as strange for them not give it a more thoughtful review. It could be explained by the silly for this is every circuit to have to go through this slog. Why doesnt the Supreme Court give a national answer. Yesterday was all about