A very crucial age group because vaccines dont tend to work as well in older people because as we get older, our immune systems deteriorate. This vaccine is different from the other 2 that weve been reporting on because it is made from a weakened version of the common cold virus found in chimpanzees, which is then modified to make sure that it cannot grow in humans is given in 2 doses. And so far is reporting and 99 percent efficacy rate. All participants have been gente generating neutralizing antibodies that is knocking out the virus in their bloodstream with no reported side effects. Meanwhile, infections across africa have risen above 2000000, the world health organization. As one, the continent is moving towards a 2nd wave of itll be more than 48000 deaths in africa linked to covert 19 united nations. It says 30000, people have not crossed into so done from northern ethiopia. Theyre fleeing the ongoing violence between federal Government Forces and local fighters in the grey region might, pale has become the 1st u. S. Secretary of state to visit an illegal settlement in the occupied west bank of areas in israel as part of a 10 day tour of the middle east and europe, and earlier in that Prime MinisterBinyamin Netanyahu and said settlements can be lawful and proper. Pakistans Prime Minister is in afghanistan for talks with president musharraf ghani. Its in iran khans 1st visit to the country. It comes as peace talks between afghanistan and the taliban have stalled. An inquiry into the conduct of Australian Special forces in afghanistan has found credible evidence of multiple war crimes. The report details, 39. 00 unlawful killings of civilians all prisoners. Those are the headlines coming up next on aljazeera. Its inside story. Good, buy a dangerous journey for a new life. Hundreds of migrants die off the coast of west africa on a route that have been largely abandoned. So why are they now risking everything to get on unsafe boats in the north atlantic . This is inside story. Hello, welcome to the program and burn its a sea journey to europe once shunned by many migrants for being too dangerous, is busy. Again. Hundreds of drowned this year in the north atlantic ocean. In the latest incident on monday night, at least 80 people were killed when the engine of the fishing boat exploded near cape that the vessel carried about 150 people mainly from senegal and gambia. Its believed they were trying to reach the Canary Islands, a spanish territory, and a gateway to your the north atlantic route became popular after european governments clamped down on crossings through the mediterranean coast guard to say more than 16000. People have reached the Canary Islands this year. 10 times last years total. More than half of them arrived in the past month. Refugee Reception Centers a full, some migrants living in hotels, up before the pandemic would have been packed with tourists. But 2000 people have been sleeping in the open by the harbor in gran canaria. The Spanish Government is promising to build more emergency shelters and increased naval patrols to rescue migrants. Locals, say the situation is inhumane and degrading. The event of even we are here fighting for a more dignified reception system for people arriving at our island seeking a better life. We want a chance to offer them a more humane reception and the conditions of the harbor. Were also here to fight against the latest racist behaviors that we have seen in our island and also because no human being is eagle. Lets bring in our guests in dhaka mamadou manga hes coordinator of the human rights organization. And a dire poll where he advocates for migrants returning from abroad in madrid. Pablo iglesias, a spokesman for doctors of the world, and joining us from brussels, diaz, policy analyst at the european policy center. Welcome. So each of you, olivia, our, begin with you. Why is this particular route getting busy again . Well, there is a range of factors as you know, set yourself one significant element. The increase in controls in the western mediterranean cooperation between spain and morocco, to tackle smuggling and arrivals has strengthened significantly since 2018. So that is one of the reasons that that route has become less viable and more people across in the atlantic displaced despite the great arrests. Theres also been an increasing complex in this to help particularly in mali, of course, covert 19 house worse and such economic conditions. But the recent, if i can point here, is that the present arrivals isnt that new. Of course its increased aster recently, but we started seeing this already in 2019. So this raises, i think, important questions about Everything Else that could have been done to prepare for a rise in arrivals that was quite predictable. For example, to set up Reception Centers to invest into reception facilities. So you have the capacity to deal with an increase in arrivals in the Canary Islands. And so you didnt have to rely on emergency accommodation that isnt suitable for adequate reception conditions. Ok, a mama do. Why do you, why do you think the route is getting busier again . Well, were all open for the world bank. And thats the one thing. Well, life where you are poor when people are moving the zoo because simply because of the luck of policies that can be granted to them on the contrary. And then see public use to vending and then see they have milked the senses. And then you see returns for them to so rather than going for some such as i assume all other gods. So recent losses to completion. We have now, you know, accomplished the number one did. Then this is secondly, when we decide to do if the difference is made and cemented by the films conflict in terms of service, some of the broadest and the best of them. Lets be the 1st mission to move and mobility, the rights committed by the International Community to be true for to the dissolution of the human rights. So sir, can you know enough to say human beings have a choice to move from the cells to live or they want to. So the limitations of the mobility of today, which is i mean joomla to the full. This is going to buy you to think in terms of my, my wish from one, lets say to ok, isnt you can say and do also because i also know that our work over the government implemented my data to the policies that can go out and see one simple device to move a source of us who thats a politically involved in the process of the mentee policies and a country. Ok. I will come back to the policy and in short, we will just cover the situation as it is today. At the moment, im pavlo youll, youve got colleagues on the ground that are in the canaries. What is the situation at the moment . And what of the, whats happening to those migrants who are evicted from the poaching graham canary particularly . Well, the situation and grab a gun, i am in its particularly war and we have to point out that the did the situation is clearly an acceptable from a humanitarian point of view. Theres a lack of, its an important lack of infrastructure and it has led to turn to the ports the harbor again into a measure that tension there says read a Reception Center where the conditions are buried. Efficient around 2200 migrants are being housed there and the conditions, such as sad, sad, are really worrying. We are seeing how people are packed in intense that are a lot of thought to have capacity for 5050. 00 people. But they are leaving a hole up to 100. 00. People in each of the stands, which as you can imagine, as makes it impossible, for example, to maintain the basic safeguards against the cockpit 19, so displaces the risk of a serious health. But thats, are they held at a serious risk they, we have, we have heard from our colleagues there that the migrants in this harbor, theyre not having access to sufficient drinkable water. Theyre not having access to quality food. They claim that they havent even shot word for almost 10 days and definitely their Health Condition is not being that unique, offered by the elf. Artis is, theres only 11 doctor and one nurse to to provide Health Assistance for days 2200 people. So this is really a very war and situation. Ok. A living has the corona Virus Outbreak being playing a role in this because i read particularly people in senegal, in gambia or in morocco, might once have made money this year from tourists that havent been any. Is that increasing the, therefore the migrant flows . Its certainly a factor, not only because of the direct impact that qubit 1000 has had on certain economies in certain populations who of course make youre catching the virus. But also because of the related meshes, for example, border closures have had very negative impacts on west africa and northern african economies. A lot of commerce is conducted just across the border. So in that falls apart, that you spoke elation in a very vulnerable situation. But its also worth pointing out, i think that is completely right that the situation in the islands, its also a lot worse because of the fact that spain and many other e. U. Member states are unable to provide adequate reception conditions in all areas is concerning. At the best of times, but its especially concerning in the context of covert it in which there have been very clear e. U. Guidelines about the need to provide suitable accommodation to separate groups from each other to allow physical distance to and allow basic hygiene, access to health care these things are not what we are seeing right now, and how do you know, i mean, and that is indeed quite concerning. And that is why, as i mentioned before, its a shame that you have and have had for investment into reception facilities both before we saw this rice and arrivals, but also at the start of the year when it became apparent that it would continue creasing. Its a shame that we havent seen transfers to the mainland where there is adequate reception capacity. And its also unfortunate that we havent seen greater solidarity from other even Member States to support same and other countries 1st arrivals, it just creates. And its a view that has been facing some of the challenges the practicalities of the coronavirus, making it harder to help people on the canaries, on the other migrant dropping off points. Well as sad as set the conditions and again are not suitable to provide the security situation for for his people in there in the context of 19. I would like to point out in this and in a sense as well that one of the main issues in and are going to get is also the lack of transparency. And neither n. G. O. S nor media can access to the hardware. So let me say that makes also very difficult for us to assess which, which is antimony and or which is the actual respect of human rights and the added basic conditions to provide ab an acceptable situation. We know for sure that the people that are arriving today for their hardware, ive been given test to check whether they have that or not, where they are not positive and go it bad as that. But again, its very difficult to whenever they are sent, positive case adopted and the necessary measures to 2 more needs. All the people who have been in contact with this person do you to decide that overcrowding meant the facilities. In senegal, you have employment that are of 17 percent. Unemployment of 17 percent of a nation of 16000000 people, half of them under the age of 20, we often hear the or peon union talking about trying to make a turn itself into a fortress europe. But what can it do for countries like senegal to try and mitigate the amount of people trying to leave your country . Well, there, one thing were going to do is do the right stuff for the young people and also to other various sauce, put it in the tenses of the my limbs and then could do, could lead them in, you know, but thats a good thing. I think we have to this day to the best breakthrough when the 2 picks the young people you know accomplish is to create drops for them, but also to multiply that by guess it does destined to provide for the other people i want that will. So to come back to the club at 9 to one of the reasons why young people now come to go to europe is that they have been coming, said had told that theres a lack of months now in new york and the number of deaths in the Different Countries of the gay think that what we have do is in the employment. So this is one of the reasons what some people in self love us fighting to, to do to move from the conflict. But i think then the gravest sensibility that is under, i mean 1st of all is of the government, but also of the local local elected people. Because migrant migration is something that is, i mean is done at the level of local tell, tell yourself they should normally design policies that can i mean limit their list of disclose, but also give the young people enough capacities in terms of employment in terms of 1st person so that they can forget about get up and try to promote themselves in their own country amadou kind of kind of quickly ask you then when, when people come back to senegal, who try to make it to your work, what are they who is telling them that europe is short of manpower. Why, why are they leaving senegal in the 1st place and what do they find when they come back . One of that one of that complaint . Well, i was right. We are and you know, because, and that therefore is, has been, has been working with my question since yes. What we are doing is a very good example that should be normal to develop where we need to partner. Because sometimes the partners you have to run to call the kind of mind that is that 7. 7 miles or so we give them capacity of the 21st of all, in terms of mileage months in terms of the face. How to, how to conduct and then to price, but also give them enough money. We give them money or thats too much to their sons, and they cant carry out our economy activities in there to be able to also that is a look at the policy, the mentee talking to the last, unless its to fight the great my was in the look of the sun and maybe some of the never the fall of the nation. I live here, we always hear about how much money europe is spending on keeping people out. 150000000. 00 euros. For example, given to morocco last year, spain has given tens of millions of dollars to spend on scanners and drones. And that sort of thing, is that the way to manage this long term, or is there another way of giving economic support to these countries in the 1st place . I think thats a very good question. And i also want to set it in the context of the e. U. s latest proposals, because around a month ago, the Commission Set forward a new pattern migration and asylum, which among other things places a very strong emphasis on the external dimension of migration. Our whole creation with their countries. And indeed something that we have seen in the proposal is as you noted, a very large focus on return and readmission. The commission has they took that it wants its partnerships with their countries to have an even greater focus on that. We have a mission of migrants, that least europe without permission to remain even greater than it has had in the past. For example, this looks like making Development Aid legal pathways, education. These opportunities for settlement contingent on whether countries cooperates with your own returns. And i think this is actually quite risky. On one hand, im not sure that its going to be very helpful towards relations with 3rd countries because they tend to be kind of returns quite sensitive. So they tend to be quite reluctant to cooperate with your own readmission. This is for a wide range of reasons, but largely because migration is part of their political economy, they, its quite domestically unpopular to readmit migrants that have made it into europe and a broad range of other things make it quite sensitive. So personally, they find that the corporation and the relationship they have with europe is already very heavily leaning towards return. And we have a mission and not giving enough attention to other elements. They find important including legal pathways including development, making further work on these areas, contingent on the admission is likely to not lead to a long term, mutually beneficial partnership. That is, in my view, the best and most Sustainable Way to manage migration. But the 2nd concern is that if this fails and the e. U. Doesnt successfully increase, the number of migrants returned, which is one of the ambitions of the new pact if their countries dont actually agree to that, i think a lot of the proposals on the new pact rely on this quite heavily. The whole package doesnt work out coherently any more if the e. U. Doesnt actually increase the number of returns. So i think theres a significant risk of creating inflated heightened expectations cant be met and the e. U. May be setting itself up for failure. Just quickly though, olivia, the e. U. Was criticized for giving too much to countries like poland and hungary and the Czech Republic who were against more external european migration. Giving too much for them rather than creating a policy that would want to welcome genuine migrants and provide a quick streamlined system for them to settle in europe. Is that the problem they gave too much to the, to the populist countries or leaders, if you will. Thats a common criticism of the new pact. Indeed, i think when the commission was setting out these proposals, it had a very strong, real politik. The sion its party was clearly to find agreement between Member States for good reason as well because disagreements between those countries and southern European Countries have blocked progress on common european asylum policy for several years because of these divisions. So i understand the rationale and wanting to find something that all Member States could agree on. And indeed, one of the ways that it has done so is by creating a new solidarity mechanism by which all your Member States would have to support those facing the most pressure and the most arrivals. So spain, greece, italy, for example, they can choose how to do so they can do so by either asylum seekers, which is what these countries have called for, or by sponsoring returns to their countries, or in some cases for operational assistance. Many people argue that this is indeed ceding a lot of ground to basic rat states, hungary, poland, etc. Who dont want to relocate asylum seekers. But there is one important element which is that they would still if they failed to conduct those returns. After 8 months, they would have to transfer those potential returnees to their territory to continue conducting their returns from that. And that is something that these countries are very unhappy with. So negotiations will certainly be very complicated. Red lines necessarily have to be crossed even the basic rights arent very happy with the current proposal. So im not sure what that says about the state of negotiations, but i think well have to follow this for several months. If not years. Can you just help us understand how dangerous this crossing of the atlantic is, the north atlantic compared with others, i guess in the mediterranean, or going from turkey to the greek islands. This just to say north atlantic on a, on a boat like that seems incredibly dangerous. Journey yes and it, i mean on one hand, theres an obvious risk of a trip going to waters that lia lasts at least 3 days, but after 210. 00 or 12, the conditions on board in this trips are again humane. A humane and constitute a high risk to Peoples Health and life. On the one hand that the weakness of the boat itself means a great risk of sinking and drown him. But on the other hand, people are not having again, access to drinkable water. The air in all those there is therefore there is a high risk of the high of a 100 taishan. You have to add after that the fact that the people are exposed to direct sunlight for the whole journey and ice at that it can last up to 12 days. Again, they dont half ass sufficient food. So there is a risk of my nutrition. And we also would like to point to the fact that people can even develop certain diseases during the journey. As a consequence, on the one hand of that of the overcrowding of the boat, people cannot both in a very tiny space for a long term. And therefore they can develop ulcers or other sort of of worms. But on the other hand, also that they sanitary conditions on board are basically in existence. People cannot relieve themselves for days, then this also places at risk their, their, their, their health and their general Health Condition worsens at the very end of the, of the year. If they reach port mamadou. The seems to have been a suggestion that the Spanish Government is hoping that arrivals will subsidize over the winter months, subside a big apartment over the winter months because of the change in the weather from where you are. Does that seem likely or do you see a flow continuing . But i think, or the son of a concerned, those with a 14 year old simply because they need its high time for me. Theres a small need for me to monitor. Well, the art of the hug and undertaken by you the subconscious. Since 2015 youve developed the summits because diffusive, you have been taken away money on the boom, the politicos. This is the dysfunction is coming the needs of the young people, person for taking time to do into account to do some tax policy if they didnt have that have been among the line to be a little. d less safe, 8800. 00, medium, utils. To stuff the flows. If that money was, lets say a dedicated to throw more to prepare for the young people i think do we should have todays weve the situation. But number 2, can i ask you, then manager can ask you, how do you persuade the europeans to change that view because of the problem. They see migration as a problem rather than as a benefit perhaps at the moment because of the deceit every day. I really are trying to sensitize, have to tough them, and we used a very good the television, all the made to let people with young people know that it is good to, to set the books. But i think it is not something that has suffered here. I think to my mind african government you have to blow me to sit together as a 7 time table and see how to channel policy and how committed to postpone the im an economy and that it did in the, in the, in the, in the 1st of the disease have you taken because its not love. Well, we have to have talk of ups. Since, you know, there are many of them too much money who doesnt use to subsidize to sensitize young people, but we see that things are getting worse. So its high time for me that governments from concept and you to get to go, we have the power to the more you know, some of both of those. And so olivia have just time for one very Quick Response to what mama do says is that what you hear coming from the other side of your frustration of the policies in europe that are trying to just create this fortress rather than encourage the economies on the other side and migration i, its difficult to answer and i think indeed there is a focus on that. At the e. U. Level. I think theres mixed public reactions to this policy. Of course, there is a large portion of the population that strongly welcomes migration and understands the importance that it has for european economies. I think in the context of coke at 19, theres also been an important narrative shift in which weve realized the importance of migrant workers. We realize the importance of regular, i say, should measures for people that are not in a regular situation, may not have access to health care to employment with, you know, certain safeguards. So i think there has been some movement in that direction. One of the problems though, is indeed a lack of political well as the institutional level and a lot of divisions between Member States but some having a former hostile view of Migration Management or not as the priority for the commission. Indeed as increasing returns, keeping the arrival arrivals though and being seem to achieve some progress achieved. Some are for on the table because theres a broad perception that the Current System isnt working. Thats not entirely true. There is your legislation in place. Its just not always implemented correctly, so its a mixed picture. I would say. Thank you very much for your time. We are out of time unfortunately. But thanks to all our guests to mamadou mang, to publish the glaziers and livia sumburgh diaz, and thank you too for watching. You can see the program again any time by visiting our website, aljazeera dot com. And for further discussion, go to our facebook page. Facebook dot com forward slash a. J. Inside story. You can also join the conversation on twitter. We are a. J. Inside story from a Bernard Smith and the entire team here in doha wife. To jump into the stream. And julia, not Global Community bio diversity, is bio security. It is that essential for our species to survive. Be part of the debate. I know you have ideas and you too can be part of this conversation. When no topic is off the table, the police are not neutral and all of these cases here is to terrorize. And heres the other part of this. Theres no consequence to this stream on out as they are now, jews are with every American People have. Finally for poking around here as i slid one americas off balance or become more dangerous. The world is looking at us the next year of sadness and with the election behind us. Will the Republican Party dump truck the fuel weekly, take on us politics and society . Thats the bottom line. Hey, im fully back to bill in doha with a look at on main stories on aljazeera. Theyve been promising results from a Coronavirus Vaccine developed by the university of oxford and astra zeneca. The latest phase 2 findings show a strong immune response has been triggered in people over 70 has more from london. Its just published its phase 2 results, which were based on a group of 560. 00 volunteers. These are not its phase 3 results which will be coming in the next few weeks. But the initial results showed that this vaccine is generating a strong immune response, an adult over 1617. This is a