As an undergraduate applied mathematics major, I was introduced to many mathematical modeling methods. One such method I learned is called “game theory.” Game theory uses mathematical models to analyze interactions between “rational decision-makers.”
When one is introduced to game theory, it is typically through an example called the Prisoner’s Dilemma. The Prisoner’s Dilemma shows why two people (or organizations) might not cooperate, even if it appears that it would be in their best interests to do so. The Prisoner’s Dilemma was presented as follows by Canadian mathematician Albert W. Tucker:
Two criminals are arrested and jailed. Each is placed in solitary confinement with no means of communicating with each other. Prosecutors lack sufficient evidence to convict the pair on the principal charge, but they have enough to convict both on lesser charges. Simultaneously, the prosecutors offer each prisoner a deal. Each prisoner is given the opportunity either to betra