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Date Time Study: Did cobras first spit venom to scare pre-humans? A smart prey animal knows to avoid a predatory snake armed with deadly venom. But new research suggests that for some cobras, the venom evolved additional complexity to deter potential enemies – possibly including Homo erectus, humans’ extinct close relative. In “Convergent Evolution of Pain-inducing Defensive Venom Components in Spitting Cobras,” published Jan. 22 in Science, an international team of researchers investigating the evolutionary origins of a novel defensive trait by snakes – venom spitting – offer the first evidence that snake venom evolution is associated with defense, rather than solely to help capture prey.

Lindab glaserNick casewellHarry greeneCollege of artsLiverpool school of tropical medicinePain inducing defensive venom componentsSpitting cobrasLiverpool schoolTropical medicineField biologyஹாரி கிரீன்கல்லூரி ஆஃப் கலைகள்லிவர்பூல் பள்ளி ஆஃப் வெப்பமண்டல மருந்துதுப்புதல் நாகப்பாம்புகள்லிவர்பூல் பள்ளிவெப்பமண்டல மருந்து