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Single day of competition in the wild is encoded in the brain

Changes in gene activity can link past experience with future behavior A new study on competition in the wild was performed with tree swallows. April 12, 2021 Fighting among social animals is common as they compete for the resources they need to survive and reproduce. A winner and a loser will inevitably result from these interactions, but do these challenges also leave an unseen, lasting mark? From past work, scientists know that competition changes gene activity in the brain and can even increase aggression, seemingly preparing an individual for future fights. But how does a social challenge continue to affect an individual well after the interaction has ended? No prior experiments have tested how this unfolds among wild animals, and females remain conspicuously absent from studies of competition.

Scientists report 6 novel variants in CRISPR-Cas12a in plants, expanding genome engineering

Discovery offers patentable tools to improve the efficiency of food production Scientists are expanding genome editing and engineering in plants April 8, 2021 The research of plant scientist Yiping Qi at the University of Maryland focuses on innovative genome editing and engineering techniques in plants, with the goal of improving the efficiency of food production. Nature Communications by Qi and colleagues, contribute six novel variants of CRISPR-Cas12a that have never before been proven in plants, testing them first in rice, a major global crop. In addition to allowing for a much broader scope of possible gene editing targets, these new tools can edit many different sites in the genome at once, or repress gene expression to tone down undesirable traits. These patent-pending tools greatly expand the scope of what CRISPR-Cas12a can do in plants, which can help produce food more effectively to feed a growing global population.

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