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The term atomic clock may conjure up scary, 1950s-horror movie mental images: A Doomsday device, constructed by a lab coat-wearing maniac in a mountain fortress, is ticking away the seconds before it wipes out our entire planet. In reality, though, atomic clocks are one of the more benign inventions to emerge from the explosion oops, maybe not the best word choice of knowledge about the workings of the atom and its parts. That knowledge came in the wake of the World War II Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb. Unlike the bomb, though, atomic clocks don t split atoms and they don t blow up. Instead, they use oscillation that is, the change in the flow of electrical charge in between an atom s nucleus and its surrounding electrons, the same way an old-fashioned grandfather clock might use a pendulum. Because an atom s oscillation involves incredibly small units of time a cesium atom, for example, has a frequency of 9,192,631,770 cycles per second and is extraordi

United statesNew yorkSouth dakotaJames chin wen chouJames bondZealand heraldGeorge dieboldRobert bunsenEd lange hultonMichael smith gettyOmar bradleyAlbert einsteinGreg smith photolibrary gettyNuclear clock may keep timeUs national bureau of standardsCesium argonne national laboratory