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Chad’s former President Idriss Déby Itno succumbed to injuries and died on 20 April 2021 while visiting military troops on the frontlines as the rebels were advancing into Chad from southern Libya. The Libyan-based rebel group namely, Front for Change and Concord in Chad (FACT), had been waging a persistent battle against Déby’s autocratic regime since 2016.  In fact, with Sudanese support, as the head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement, Déby  had taken over as President of Chad after overthrowing the brutal dictatorship of Hissène Habré  in December 1990. With Déby’s demise, a more than three decades old regime has ended in Chad. States in Africa have had a history of autocratic regimes that worked for longer durations. During the last decade, like Déby, Muammar Gadaffi (1969-2011) of Libya, Robert Mugabe (1980-2017) of Zimbabwe, and Al Bashir (1989-2019) of Sudan had also controlled their respective states with an iron hand for decades.

Burkina fasoUnited statesCentral african republicLake chadNigeria generalMuammar gadaffiMohamat idrissKhalifa hafterAl bashirMahadi aliMohamat nouriRobert mugabeSahelian muslimMohamat mahdi aliNational joint task forceSecurity council of the african union