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Few nations have seen their dreams and hopes dashed as quickly and ruthlessly as South Sudan. A mere two years after thousands thronged the streets of the capital, Juba, to celebrate independence from Sudan’s autocratic rule, the country descended into a brutal civil war. The fallout between President Salva Kiir and Vice President-turned-rebel Riek Machar, and the subsequent fighting, exerted a terrible toll. Between 2013 and 2018, up to 400,000 people were killed and 4 million a third of the country’s population displaced, amid numerous reports of ethnic-based atrocities like rape and massacres. The world’s youngest country is now approaching its 10-year anniversary, and while the war has quieted thanks to a fragile 2018 peace deal, the risk of a return to full-blown conflict is never far away. South Sudan still faces an insurgency in the south of the country and rampant localized violence elsewhere. Ethno-political tensions remain high and could be unleashed again by the

South sudanWilayat shimal bahr al ghazalWilayata ali an nilWilayat bahr al jabalWilayat gharb al istiwa iyahThomas cirilloSalva kiirRiek macharNational assemblyInternational crisis groupPresident salva kiirVice president turned rebel riek macharSouth sudaneseDemocratic republicதெற்கு சூடான்விலாட் ஷீமல் பஹ்ர் அல் கஜல்