Author summary Why was this study done? Though cited in many countries’ national guidance, the evidence that individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are rendered non-infectious by 2 weeks of effective TB treatment is challenged. This systematic review was commissioned by the World Health Organization to provide evidence to inform TB infection prevention and control guidelines. We sought to synthesise the available data on the clearance of potentially infectious TB bacteria from the sputum of patients after starting effective treatment. What did the researchers do and find? We performed systematic searches of literature databases to identify relevant articles, using predetermined inclusion criteria. Extracted data were synthesised using narrative summaries and meta-analyses. A minority of patients had clearance of TB bacteria from sputum at 2 weeks of effective treatment, as assessed by either sputum smear or culture. As expected, the proportion having cleared TB bacter
DiaSorin to acquire Luminex Corporation for USD 37 00 per share or approximately USD 1 8 billion
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Durch Schnelltests dürften Zahlen steigen: Wie Bund und Länder wacklige Inzidenzen umgehen können - Politik
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Author affiliations: Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil (T.M. Wilson); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (T.M. Wilson, C.D. Paddock, S. Reagan-Steiner, J. Bhatnagar, R.B. Martines, H. Venkat, S.R. Zaki); Pinal County Office of the Medical Examiner, Florence, Arizona, USA (A.L. Wiens); Coconino County Health and Human Services Medical Examiner’s Office, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA (M. Madsen); Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona, USA (K.K. Komatsu, H. Venkat)
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shares common clinicopathologic features with other severe pulmonary illnesses. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome was diagnosed in 2 patients in Arizona, USA, suspected of dying from infection with SARS-CoV-2. Differential diagnoses and possible co-infections should be considered for cases of respiratory distress during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Abstract
While it is now widely accepted that host inflammatory responses contribute to lung injury, the pathways that drive severity and distinguish coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from other viral lung diseases remain poorly characterized. We analyzed plasma samples from 471 hospitalized patients recruited through the prospective multicenter ISARIC4C study and 39 outpatients with mild disease, enabling extensive characterization of responses across a full spectrum of COVID-19 severity. Progressive elevation of levels of numerous inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (including IL-6, CXCL10, and GM-CSF) were associated with severity and accompanied by elevated markers of endothelial injury and thrombosis. Principal component and network analyses demonstrated central roles for IL-6 and GM-CSF in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Comparing these profiles to archived samples from patients with fatal influenza, IL-6 was equally elevated in both conditions whereas GM-CSF was prominent only in