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An endangered African penguin emerges from the water at Seaforth Beach, South Africa, Nov. 3, 2020. (CNS/Reuters/Sumaya Hisham) Editor s note: This story originally appeared at Mongabay and is republished here as part of Covering Climate Now, a global journalism collaboration strengthening coverage of the climate story. Over the past 20 years, the concept of tipping points has become more familiar to the public. Tipping points are critical thresholds at which small changes can lead to dramatic shifts in the state of the entire system. From a climate standpoint, the melting of Arctic sea ice is a simple example. As sea ice melts, less sunlight is reflected into space and more heat is absorbed by the ocean, further hindering the formation of sea ice and thereby leading to more warming. The positive feedback loop is leading toward ice-free summers in the Arctic, which will have dramatic implications for the Arctic ecosystem and knock-on effects for ocean circu

United statesSeaforth beachWestern capeSouth africaPorto velhoRhetta butlerArctic seaSumaya hishamMontabay tim lentonBruno latourMalcolm gladwellUeslei marcelinoTim lentonJim lovelockProceedings of the national academy sciencesCovering climate now