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2020 was supposed to be a super year for the ocean.
A packed calendar of international events should have presented opportunities to assess progress towards Sustainable Development Goal No. 14 to conserve and sustainably use ocean resources; renew expiring Aichi Targets to protect coastal and marine habitats; conclude negotiations on a legally binding international agreement for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in the high seas; and reach agreement to prohibit fishing subsidies that drive overfishing and illegal practices. The coronavirus pandemic, however, brought a very different backdrop to 2020, delaying these important events at a time when improving ocean health never has been more paramount.
The InVEST Offshore Wind Energy Production tool estimates wind power density from data on wind statistics (a probability density of wind speeds) at each location and then uses wind turbine characteristics (hub height, cut-in wind speed, cut-out wind speed, rated power, rated wind speed, etc.) to calculate the harvestable energy (table S3) (
30). We used global wind statistics at 30–arc min spatial resolution that are distributed with InVEST. These statistics were calculated from a global WAVEWATCH III hindcast reanalysis of winds globally for 1999–2012 (
30). We did not consider changes in energy resources over the 21st century because the anthropogenic climate change signal appears small relative to natural variability (