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IMAGE: Animals like peccaries and tapirs boost soil levels of nitrogen, an essential element to plant growth view more
Credit: João Paulo Krajewski
The White-lipped peccary Tayassu pecari is a boar-like hoofed mammal found throughout Central and South America. These animals roam the forest in bands of 50 to 100 individuals, eating a wide variety of foods. In Brazil s Atlantic Rainforest, they prefer the fruit of the jussara palm Euterpe edulis.
The jussara is very abundant in this biome, probably thanks to vast amounts of dung, urine, and soil trampling by peccaries as well as tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) and other fruit-eating animals, or frugivores. This behavior releases forms of nitrogen, a key element in plant growth.
Large rural properties account for 54% of the environmental deficit in the state of São Paulo | AGÃNCIA FAPESP The estimate comes from a research project supported by FAPESP to produce scientific input for implementation of Brazilâs new forest code in the state (
image: map showing estimated legal reserve deficits in São Paulo by rural property, in hectares; credit: ESALQ-USP)
Large rural properties account for 54% of the environmental deficit in the state of São Paulo
December 23, 2020
By Elton Alisson | Agência FAPESP – Although large farms account for only 3.5% of the more than 340,000 registered rural properties in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, they are responsible for 54% of the state’s environmental deficit, i.e. lost native vegetation, according to estimates by researchers who took part in a project
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Scientists know that biodiversity is declining across much of the world although less universally and dramatically than we feared. We also know that things are likely to get worse in the future, with a combination of habitat loss, climate change and overexploitation set to drive species and habitats ever closer to extinction.
What we don’t know, is what to do about this. Partly this is because conservation is woefully underfunded. But it’s also because the underlying causes of biodiversity declines are getting stronger and stronger every year. Climate change rightly gets a huge amount of coverage, but for biodiversity, the biggest threat actually comes from the destruction of natural habitats to make way for agriculture. And as global populations grow, and people become wealthier and consume more, that need for new agricultural land is just going to increase, resulting in at least 2 million sq km of new farmland by 2050, and maybe as much as 10 million.