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Earths climate life story, 3 billion years in the making

Posted July 14th, 2021 for Yale University Boriana Kalderon-Asael conducts field work at a Middle-Upper Ordovician outcrop near Reedsville, Penn. (Photo by Ashleigh Hood) One of Earth’s greatest mysteries is how it transformed itself, ever so gradually, from a barren ball of rock into a launching pad for life. Earth scientists have spent decades piecing together the relevant clues identifying and studying the planet’s complex interplay of geological processes, atmospheric dynamics, and chemical cycles. In particular, scientists have studied the roles played by carbon and silicon in stabilizing Earth’s climate over a vast stretch of time. Now a Yale-led study in the journal Nature provides an unprecedented look at this 3-billion-year-old story, told in ancient sediments from around the world.

More than 70% of world's sharks died 19M years ago

Researchers have discovered a massive die-off of sharks roughly 19 million years ago. It came at a period in history when there were more than 10 times as many sharks patrolling the world’s oceans than there are today. For now, researchers don’t know the cause of the shark die-off. “We happened upon this extinction almost by accident,” says Elizabeth Sibert, a postdoctoral associate in Yale University’s earth and planetary sciences department and the Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies. Sibert is lead author of the new study in “I study microfossil fish teeth and shark scales in deep-sea sediments, and we decided to generate an 85-million-year-long record of fish and shark abundance, just to get a sense of what the normal variability of that population looked like in the long term,” Sibert says.

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