As documented by the 2020 U.S. Census, Calhoun County has the smallest population among Arkansas' 75 counties. Located in the piney woods of south central Arkansas, Calhoun County, with Hampton as its county seat, has 5,113 residents. It was 75th in population in the 2010 census, coming in at 5,368. The county has been losing population for a full century; the high point was 1920 when it stood at 11,807.