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Parasitic infections were likely widespread in New England, even in remote areas and in wealthy households, report archaeologists who analyzed excavated fecal samples. Parasitic infections, including tapeworm and whipworm, were a common problem in the United States until the 20th century. The common belief is that these infections mainly affected lower-income, urban areas where conditions including shared public spaces, lack of sewage systems, and poor sanitation were prime for disease spread. However, the new research, published in the “Unlike today, when high-income households are less likely to exhibit signs of infection, wealth and status did not apparently provide insulation from infection exposure in this rural setting, despite likely having greater access to medicines and improved sanitation,” says Theresa Gildner, assistant professor of biological archaeology at Washington University in St. Louis.

New hampshireUnited statesRhode islandChoate houseRufus choateTheresa gildnerSarah olcottJesse casanaBaker libraryDartmouth collegeWashington university in stNew englandArcheological scienceWashington universityAustin chad hillMills olcott