Genetic modification of viruses and pathogens. Kentucky republican senator rand paul chaired the hearing. It is one hour and 45 minutes. We are going to go ahead and get started. I call this meeting of the Senate Homeland security and Government Affairs subcommittee on emerging threats and spending oversights to order. I want to thank senator hassan for allowing this bipartisan hearing to occur. Welcome to each of our panelists. Thank you for joining us. The purpose of this hearing by the subcommittee on emerging threats and spending oversights is to discuss, as our name implies the emerging threat posed by gain of research. We will hear from three witnesses, all of whom are extraordinarily accomplished experts in the scientific community. We are grateful for the work and we are grateful for each of you to take the time to appear with us this afternoon. Gain of function research is a controversial Scientific Research method involving the manipulation of pathogens to give them a new asp
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