Good morning, everybody. You are watching the pulse. Im guy johnson. Im francine lacqua. We are just getting some breaking data. The services p. M. I. Figures falling for october to 62. 3. What we were estimating is a 62. 4. Pretty much in line with expectsations. We had an encouraging figure from italy. The surprise of the day. P. M. I. Was better than expected. We were expecting a can traction. The number for the whole of the euro area an area of grips at the moment by the debate that seems to be raging within the e. C. B. Were waiting to see what the meeting looks like tomorrow. The news yesterday talking took into account fact that maybe we have a significant refor mario draghi to deal with. Well talk about that issue later on. A revelt about his transparency about his speech. Nevertheless a significant Political Development if you can talk about politics within the e. C. B. Lets take our politics in a different term. Gripping westminster the last couple of weeks if not months. Mig
Lifetime e a took place a lifetime ago. And its collapse seems so unimaginable. If i can indulge you for a second, the year before the collapse, i had organized a conference. Withe was more associated the cold war. Some of you were there. Of talk aboutt the integration of europe. , knownial the soviet was talking about the reunification of germany. Off desk also the time john and bill had begun their series on sovietamerican relations, the first time sovietamerican scholars got together. Scott armstrong had just come up with the idea of a National Security archive. But the end of the cold war . Not a chance and no discussion. Notequently, one is remarkable, what is now much closer now than we were then, by reaching a consensus regarding events in germany, and then of course, there aftermath. These questions concerned the drivers, whether they be individual, state, or international. These questions concerned consequences, whether they be international, state, or individual. These questi
Say they found on factory farms. My digital producer and coho cohost, twitter lit up. It is good and bad. I am wondering about the topics we choose . I do the research and think maybe Lisa Fletcher is right, i need to go vegetarian and our online community, like you said, proved this. The pros and cons over these new inspections. Ronald says, pro how about you change ones meat source of courthouse. Dont go to poultry. Cons, corporate agreed will lower quality and safety. Christian the new regulations mean less regulation which means increased foodborne illness and no quality standards. The margaret will regulate itself while the consumers will subcoumb. Everything tastes like chicken. It does. For the first time in nearly 60 years, the usda is revamping the way factories inspect the chicken you eat. The plan is to get rid of 770 federal inspectors and shift much of the responsibility to industry employees. The usda says plants will be required to conduct their own tests for dangerous b
Four decades or even more, its a little short of remarkable that were marking 25 years since the fall of the berlin wall. Its remarkable because on the one hand we can recall that event so vividly, but on the other hand, it sometimes seems like it took place a lifetime ago. Its also remarkable because for those of us who pursued our degrees and published our first books during the preceding decades, in some cases before the construction of the wall [ laughter ] its collapse seemed so unimaginable. In fact, if i can indulge you for a second, the year before the collapse, i organized a conference on john foster dulles. No one was more associated with the cold war. Some of you were there. There was lots of talk about the integration of europe. The soviets new thinking. Glasnost. Perestroika but no one was talking about the reunification this was the time john gaddes began their conferences on soviet and american relations. First time soviet and American Scholars got together. And Scott Ar
Scholarship about the causes for the fall of the wall but the proximate causes, the short term events are not wellknown in the nongerman speaking world and so i decided for the anniversary to try to put together that story as best i could and then of course as always happens when you start researching something it becomes more complicated than you expected. It ended up being a fascinating rg 31 so let me just gallop through some of the ideas in my book and then if we have questions we can talk more about them. I want to talk a little bit about the precursor to the night of november 9, 1989, when the wall opens. And then a tiny bit about how we think about these events, memory and legacy, themes that my colleagues will emphasize as well. So its important to say that the first unexpected event actually happened not in berlin but in moscow which is to say there were a rapid series of deaths. In 2 1 2 years there were four leaders of the soviet union, of course, after brezhnev died. Then a