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Race, sovereignty clash as Congress meddles in tribal enrollment
Members of Congress are threatening to hold up housing funds for tribes. To the chief of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, itâs infringing on tribal sovereignty. For those seeking citizenship, itâs a chance to change a âsystem of hidden anti-Black racism.â
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Mar 7, 2021
Sam and Sallie Walton were the great-grandparents of Angela Walton-Raji. Walton-Raji says she has memories of her great-grandmother, who was born into slavery but whose father was a Choctaw citizen. (Photo courtesy of Angela Walton-Raji, Underscore)
Members of Congress are threatening to hold up housing funds for tribes. To the chief of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, itâs infringing on tribal sovereignty. For those seeking citizenship, itâs a chance to change a âsystem of hidden anti-Black racism.â
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In a historic ruling on Feb. 22, the Cherokee Nation Supreme Court struck the term “by blood” from its constitution and laws. Credit:
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Editor’s note: An earlier version of this story originally appeared on KOSU. It has been updated with additional material for its airing on The World.
In a historic ruling on Feb. 22, the Cherokee Nation Supreme Court struck the term “by blood” from its constitution and laws.
The decision effectively ends a decadeslong debate over citizenship status in the largest tribe in the country.
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Citizenship in the Cherokee Nation is not based on blood. Still, the language in the tribe s laws, constitution, and policies is central to an ongoing cultural and legal debate over whether the descendants of Cherokee Freedmen, who were formerly enslaved by the tribe, should be considered tribal members. The recent ruling upholds the 1866 treaty that the tribal nation signed with the federal government affirmi
What tribal sovereignty means for Freedmen citizenship
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The change came on Monday after years of racial friction and legal battles
Under a 1866 treaty after the Civil War, descendants of black slaves of the Cherokee tribe - known as Freedman - should have been given equal rights
But a blood clause in tribe s Constitution has contradicted this treaty
The clause based citizenship of the Cherokee Nation on being descended by blood from tribal members listed on a 19th-century census
On Monday, this language was ordered to be removed by tribe s Supreme Court
This should clear the way for Freedmen to have equal rights in the nation
Such rights include the right to run for tribal office and receive full benefits
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