Weary. They had the oas which had been doing symbolic monitoring and this was western. They didnt want that and there was a pushback on the u. N. Being the watchdog, the overall monitor, and that led to fragmentation of the monitoring machine. So it game regional organizations, ngos that took up mantle of monitoring which led to issues down the road of who gets to act as a monitor and are they all of equal quality. Host where today does the authority lie . Guest nowhere. Nowhere really. Theres no accreditation that an International Monitoring organization host should there be . Guest probably be a good idea. There is a declaration of principles out of the United Nations and some organizations have signed on to that but that done in any way guarantee they abide by it. They could just sign on to it. Theres no auditing of whether that theyre actually following the practices the declaration seeks to aspires to. Then if you want to have an accreditation process, who does the a decreed accre
Foundations of moderner to state, society, and the dynamics of Political Violence. There is a working definition of modern terrorism . Guest i tried to formulate one, which is a perilous path because so many others have tried. So, i think that the clear is way to understand what ive tried to do is to refer back to what in fact are two kinds of perspectives. One is the idea that governments and especially dictators, exercise terror against their own citizens, the hitlers, stalins, poll pol pots of the world, and the ice the world of post 9 11 were most familiar with, this is the insurgenties from below who seem to pose, and sometimes we realize how serious the threat is, they are in fact a danger to us. So what i tried to do to defind terrorism is to bring together 0 those two strands. Its an interactive process between governments and their security agencies on the one wand, and insurgences with their internantz networks on the other. Its the interactive process that has fascinated me.
International election observers. This interview as part of book tv College Series and it is about 20 minutes. Duke professor ken judith kelley, the author of monitoring democracy when International Election observation works, and why it often fails. Professor, when did International Election monitoring come in to vote . This started ticking off in the late 80s, beginning 90s. I think, you know, there had been election monitoring under un regimes in different ways, but this is a new flavor of it. Outsiders going in the sovereign state some of turner elections. And the way it came and, the way it rose is very important for understanding how works today. Initially we had all lot of governments toward the end of the cold war that had not been democratic. Now they wanted to show off their intentions to behave more democratically. And so they have an incentive to invite monitors and even though this is sort of a sacred thing. It is the heart of democracy, one could cite. But to invite someo
To understand the world left behind. Host what is one of the examples of the interaction of government and terrorists that you speak of . There are many but one or two of the most emblematic take me back to russia as you know, i have a vast canvas i looked at. Russia echo of the zeroth latin america and others as well. One of the best examples takes place in russia. One example in it to the not the most common but an exaggerated example of what goes on all the time. A person hired by the Security Agency of the government in the insurgent organization and will try not to mention names but you are familiar. They are on the payroll of the government enjoys the insurgency to overthrow the government. One day that person is charged with the tactic is essentially assassinating his bosses and the government which is a Prime Minister during the revolution of russia. The person has a choice. Does he blow his cover or carry out the assignment with all the perils involved . Decided not to blow th
Can goes to show how you can make progress in one election and then a few years later the lack of followup or violence can restock and you can have a mess again. So, you know, it is very, very difficult to set the country on a path when we have fixed it and now they know how to run elections and it is just going to work. In candidate has been up and down with election monitoring. It is not the election monitors fault to say, but it is a good example of where they have been very worried about being critical because of the violent potential. If they come out and condemn the elections. What do you teach here at duke . Guest enter action the Public Policy, policy analysis, i help undergraduates right thesis. And that teach these types of topics like tools of international pressure, external actors to promote domestic reforms and other countries. Host my maturing democracy, you read you can float anywhere in the world. Why is that . Guest well, because i am a danish citizen, and danish laws