would north korea have to outsource a job like this in some way? probably not because to outsource, you d have to go to the russians or maybe iranians and those keeps tight control over their hacker groups. only if they decided they were willing to risk a fight with the u.s. would they let someone support north korea, so probably not. it s interesting a country like north korea which limits the internet and restricts it so much would have armies of hackers even if it s a few hundred people capable of such a sophisticated attack. i used to kid we didn t have to worry about north korea because it s hard to be a hacker power when you don t have electricity, but they ve poured resources into this field. they probably have a few thousand potential hackers. it s interesting. i.t. has been a growth goal for the north koreans. they even allow a few private north korean companies to subcontract for european firms. this is a place they ve done a lot of work. that s fascinating. jim lou