The steroid 19-nortestosterone (nandrolone, 19-NT), popularized in esterified form as nandrolone decanoate (ND, Deca-durabolin or simply “Deca”), is an injectable synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) used in the strength and fitness community for building muscle. The traditional stack, hailed by “bro science” for over 40 years, combines ND with a testosterone ester such as testosterone cypionate or testosterone enanthate. The objective of the combination is to maximize the anabolic effects while keeping the adverse effects of supraphysiological use in check. ND and its relative safety as an anabolic agent has been addressed in the clinical context (48, 49) and for non-medical (i.e., athletic performance or cosmetic) use (see, e.g., past
55 which revealed that males have a higher risk of hyperuricemia. The higher likelihood of hyperuricemia in males than females may be due to the action of sex hormones, in that the female sex hormone estrogen helps in the excretion of uric acid and could have the ability to maintain blood uric acid levels.
56,57 Besides, the risk of exposure to environmental and dietary factors that aid the synthesis of purine is higher in males than females, which may also contribute to the production of more uric acid owing to regulatory activity of purine metabolism, which further results in the release of high levels of uric acid into the circulation.
For many Americans, the pandemic has been a wake-up call to take better care of their health and wellness. The spike in supplement market sales, empty retail shelves, and CRN’s COVID-19 consumer survey data indicate a subset of supplement users has increased its supplement intake throughout the health crisis.
It is no secret that more dietary supplement users are seeking these products to support immune health and help maintain overall health and wellness. While more users may be prioritizing supplements for these reasons, other concerns remain top of mind, such as sleep and mental health. Maintaining a regular sleep schedule and managing stress levels are challenging in a normal time, but even more difficult throughout a pandemic. Research continues to indicate the supportive role supplements can play in these categories, including ingredients such as melatonin, magnesium, valerian, ashwagandha and lemon balm.