Blames the media for his choice of new top u.s. Spy refusing to take the job and scientists in France produce an alkie which they say will revolutionize farming. Is a jewel of nature which we can use this feed for animals or we can apply it to plants and reduce our dependence on chemicals are you listening to the b.b.c. World Service. Hello I'm Debbie rests with the b.b.c. Nice rival demonstrations are taking place in Hong Kong where tensions remain high after weeks of anti-government protests those who support the territory's police force which has been criticized for its response to the unrest have gathered in one area Stephen McDonell was there a moment there are 2 rallies going to different parts of the city so the sign in time is that for democracy rally on the callee side of overall you're an all volunteer for my call pride Beijing all pro police rally people you have slight inciting they're supporting the police there are many people joining this rally who are from the mainland coming carrying their banners and yes their message will be the police have done the right being cracking down on the protesters but there will be a very different message today at the prior democracy rally on the other side of. The Russian military says it's making progress in its fight against the wildfires sweeping across vast areas of Siberia it says planes and helicopters dumping water over the past few days have slowed the advance of the flames in the and cross new Jaska regions and it reports so far this has been a summer of hell the Siberia it suffered major flooding and forest fires a state of emergency has been declared in large parts of the region President Putin has sent to the army to help extinguish the blazes military planes can drop 40 tons of water in a single room many of the fires are in remote spot in habited areas but clouds of smoke of spread to towns and cities environmental groups are warning that harmful emissions from burning Siberian forests could speed up global warming Sudan's ruling generals and the opposition coalition have agreed a constitutional declaration which should pave the way for a transition to civilian government is being greeted by street celebrations welcoming the daily office. Said it was a 1st step with more to follow use of ta reports some doubts remain whether the military were really hand over power dress or villian government at the end of it because the military have been dragging their feet about these negotiations to begin with Initially they told the opposition that they need to moderate their statements on social media to their supporters and followers and eventually they shut down the Internet completely saying that it was dangerous to the national security of the country police in Italy have arrested 7 young men in connection with a stampede at a nightclub last year in which 6 people died 6 of those held are accused of manslaughter the men are suspected of sparking the panic by using pepper spray in a bid to rob people inside the Blue Lantern club in the eastern town of Cora now 5 of those who died with teenage boys listening to the world news from the b.b.c. . Opposition activists in Russia say they were intending to hold another demonstration in Moscow today the latest planned protest against the exclusion of about 30 prospective candidates from upcoming local elections last Saturday more than a 1000 people were detained as a non authorised demonstration. Engineers in northern England have spent the night pumping thousands of gallons of water from a reservoir which is threatening to burst through a dam and flood a town bridge beneath it. Has the latest the residents of bridge. To retrieve. Passports. One person at a time property 15 minutes to get what they need a half 1000 residents of moved out. Saying with friends and family. They were told it could be a week before this emergency is over the reservoir level needs to drop by so far only a fraction of a has been drained and the remains vulnerable and you opposition party has been launched in Singapore in what's being seen as another sign of a falling out among the city states elite the progress Singapore party is backed by the estranged brother of the prime minister. Is hoping to challenge the people's actions party which has dominated Singapore in politics for decades the former vice president of the little Deaves Ahmed a Db is reported to have been sent back to his country by India where he was hoping to gain political asylum he'd been on a tug boat off the coast of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu since Thursday his lawyers say India is obliged under international law to consider his claim for asylum the government sources insist the multi even politician was never in Indian waters. He's wanted on corruption charges b.b.c. Nice. You're listening to the news room from the b.b.c. World Service with me Alex Ritson Let's begin in Hong Kong where 2 months of demonstrations parked by a controversial extradition Bill showed no sign of abating mass protests began in March over the bill which would have allowed extraditions to mainland China and today pro-democracy activists are once again out on the streets in their thousands Joshua one is a pro-democracy campaigner and secretary general of a pro democracy party demo seat under the rule of presidency is a long time back really difficult but I believe with the courage and determination of Holland people we will continue our fight and now is the sum of its own hand and I believe I was right in your Even after the summer but the arrival demonstration is also taking place this one by those who support the terrorist police force they've been criticised for their handling of the protests some of which have turned violent Stephen McDonell is out China correspondent and Stephen Eve been to both demonstrations today. Yes At the moment I am in the in charge Roy area of color in which is where the pro-democracy demonstrators have gathered there already starting to build barricades here helmets already come out people as I speak of passing out goggles helmets and I think that just shows what they're expecting to happen here a minute later on when the authorities try to clear them out of their calories Idaho Falls on the other side of the harbor where earlier at the pro Beijing rally . Rallying they say in defense of the police they're saying that the actions of the police are totally understandable and coming down hard on the protesters who are they saying a rioting. And yes a very different message from both side. Well it's going on at Sam's arms and t. Beijing protests have become something of a regular fixture this is the 9th weekend in Iraq is the attitude of the Chinese authorities changing. Look I think that. Probably becoming increasingly fed up with this informing on all. Take tougher measures to clear them out but. The problem for the whole government is that the protesters are getting more and more organized they're well equipped they're turning up their own gas masks they're there are in protective gear and it's not as easy as it was some move them out of the street certainly just calling on them not to turn up doesn't work because they say these gatherings illegal were arresting people at doesn't work either. And so I think the whole government really is in a bit of a bind I don't know what they can do to try and bring this all join in because they are not prepared to give these protesters the democracy that by side desire. And on the other hand the protesters are now really digging in this I'm not going to give up unless they have something approaching us Stephen McDonell in Hong Kong thank you Siberia is under a state of emergency after wildfires engulfed an area the size of Belgium Russian military planes have been deployed to fight the blaze but the vast clouds of smoke have now reached Alaska and Canada and could have a wide ranging impact Steve Rosenberg joins me now from Siberia Steve what's the situation there what have you seen. When a lot of these fires are in remote spotty populated areas so we drove north of here to court 18 and a half hours to a little town called Little Village Market and from there we met up with some forestry workers who took us in a giant military style Russian truck. Into the forest Now they told us that the fire had been extinguished and that in this particular forest but it hadn't and we saw clouds of smoke rising from the ground we saw flames in places the workers told us that what they had tried to do what a lot of forestry workers in Russia right now are trying to do is to to localize the place they put in a bulldozer to make a barrier basically to clear away anything in flammable that tweaks and moss and leaves to stop the fire from spreading but it hasn't stopped it from spreading and that is a problem and the other problem is a lot of dead wood dead trunks because the fires are burning inside of these trunks so even if military planes are dropping 40 tons of water in one go if the fires are still burning inside the deadwood it's very difficult to extinguish them yeah this does feel like the needle in the haystack a fire a wildfire the size of Belgium what hope is the military have really well that the military sounds very confident the Russian military saying that in a few days' time they will have the whole situation under control but one forest you working today told me that in fact very often because wildfires do happen quite often in Siberia very often the fires carry on until the 1st snow comes Steve thank you Steve Rosenberg in Siberia to Sudan now. Jubilation on the streets it comes as Saddam's ruling generals and the main opposition coalition appear to have reached an agreement on a new constitutional declaration it comes after weeks of negotiation mediated by the African Union has its envoy it Mohamad Labatt. Live and I am very happy in the name of the African mediation and in the neighborhood to negotiating parties to announce that it's. Public the national international and African public that the 2 delegations have completely agreed on a constitutional declaration these people in heart to welcome the move. Greenman that has been reached today is a chance for a new beginning to take Sudan into the place it is and it should open the door to the future of Sudan that we have been looking for. We are very happy especially as we have been living in death darkness and killing when anyone comes out to express their opinion but now God has answered our prayer and we thank God for the end but there's been talk of a settlement before I spoke to our Africa Security Correspondent Tommy a lot of about the latest agreement this is only verbal at the moment the 2 sides have not even said when they're going to sign whatever it is they have agreed upon So there are rumors of Sunday rumors of Monday we don't know and I think in this case based on what we've seen over the past few months really seeing is believing Well that's the thing isn't it because there have nearly been agreements on so many occasions and on each occasion it goes wrong at the last minute is in fact that the last time we heard of an agreement which was about 2 weeks ago when they when they said they would have the power sharing deal you know a lot of people expected that that was the final deal and then they said no this is just agreeing to share power and then the details were to come so they raise the question of whether these announcements are really just to calm the masses down and keep them from taking to the streets as you know they've been a lot of the protest over the past few months maybe that's to just bring some calm and placate the protesters Yeah protests which in June were put down by the paramilitary rapid support forces the the modern name for what was the janitor we militia do we know what would be likely to happen to them they. Allied forces within the military there are suggestions that that would come directly under the authority of the head of the armed forces I guess sort of streamlining the way they operate but again you know those details are still to come but there is a lot of criticism a lot of anger towards this particular unit and the lack of trust from a lot of protesters the people who want to see some form of justice you know relating to the killings that have happened in protests and people have been pointing fingers at this era's unit so I think that is probably what a lot of people would be looking for but of course you have to remember that the head of the. Mohammed the gallows the 2nd in command at the moment is a very powerful man probably be looking for the best deal possible for his forces Meanwhile the protests continue indeed there's still anger that the security forces who are accused of violence against civilians have not been brought to justice that's why there have been protests as recently as this week so yes it's very likely that some of the activists will try and rally people once again to make sure that their voices are heard Africa Security Correspondent Tommy you're listening to the b.b.c. World Service Debbie has the headlines competing street protests is taking place in Hong Kong Russia says it is gaining ground in combating wildfires that have been sweeping through large parts of Siberia and Sudan's ruling generals in main opposition have agreed to a constitutional declaration that's intended to lead to a transitional government President Trump says he's still deciding who to appoint as the new u.s. Director of national intelligence after his 1st choice but true his nomination was to Trump said Republican Congressman John Ratcliffe it pulled out rather than face months of slander and libel. Some press reports that suggested he didn't have the experience to do the job from Washington Chris Buckley reports John Radcliff was seen as a trump loyalest who had impressed the president with his aggressive questioning of the former special counsel Robert Miller during a congressional hearing however in recent days Mr Rudd cloth was the one facing questions about whether he had the experience to oversee America's 17 military and civilian intelligence agencies and whether he had exaggerated his achievements as a prosecutor President Trump defended the White House's vetting process and claimed that the Republican congressman had withdrawn his name rather than having to endure months of slander and libel I give out a name to the press and they vote for me we save a lot of money that way but in the case of John I really believe that he was being vetted very hard very unfairly the deputy director of national intelligence who Gordon is being considered for the position of acting head and Mr Trump said he would announce a new nominee for the permanent post in the coming days Chris. 400000 deaths 2000000 injured half the population forced from their homes entire neighborhoods reduced to rubble the war in Syria has taken a truly terrible toll but now a tear is after it began it may finally have come to an end a cease fire has been declared in the last battle for control of a glib province and it seems to be holding Egeland Secretary-General of the Norwegian Refugee Council and former special advisor to the un special envoy for Syria told the B.B.C.'s John Humphrys that the law in hostilities was fragile to me it has been that belief has place on the planet for the last 3 months it's a small place it's not big in this place there are $3000000.00 said billions more than half of them have been displaced have fled from their homes many of fled to this place from Aleppo and the surrounding areas because they thought it would be safer now this is the place where this last possible and most horrific battle of the Syrian war is looming so we have to course for one thing the cease fire have become permanent until diplomats can find a solution to end the war without a complete bloodbath at this final hour of the Syrian wash and eyes have been truly terrible of it if it is terrible partly in the sense that so many children have died in hospitals have been directly deliberately targeted Yes I mean there is a 1000000 children there their hospitals have been bombed they are not functional in many places their schools have been bombed many of the schools have now been stilled by displaced people ever. The single day since April many thousands have been displaced Perhaps that is the biggest figure how can we explain to the world how bad it is when many 1000 people have fled every single day until now we hope it will end because there is a declaration of ceasefire both the Syrian government said they would stop the bombing Russia Iran and part of the opposition have agreed to a ceasefire there is hope Egeland Secretary-General of the Norwegian Refugee Council and former special advisor to the un special envoy for Syria police in Italy have arrested 7 young men in connection with a stampede as a nightclub last year in which 6 people died a suspected of sparking the panic by using pepper spray as part of a plan to rob people inside the venue in Kanade in the eastern province of Ancona is Europe editor at the crush at the Blue Lantern nightclub in December horrified Italy in the rush to escape the packed venue 5 teenage boys were killed as well as a 39 year old mother she'd been accompanying her young daughter to see a rapper who'd been jailed to perform nearly 200 others were injured investigators believe those responsible form the gang who specialized in the theft of gold jewelry and clubs in central and northern Italy 6 of the 7 all aged between 19 and 22 have been accused of manslaughter as well as causing injuries and committing thefts the other suspect is accused of being an associate and receiving stolen goods since the tragedy investigators have also questioned the number of local officials and the nightclub zone as a management as they look into possible breaches of regulations dunny Aber harsh a new study by the Pew Research Center spectate polling organization based in. Washington has found that scientists are among the most trusted professionals in the u.s. Until politics gets in the way the newsroom's piece of golf in has been following this story so Peter what do the study find well Alex Pew found that 86 percent of Americans have confidence in scientists and that makes them more trusted than the military the media even the church but when the survey dug deeper it found that less than half of respondents who support the right wing Republican Party have trust in scientists who study the environment Now Republican leaders have spent decades casting doubt on the science behind climate change but here's a clip of Donald Trump back in 2015 when he was running to be the party's presidential candidate show Obama is talking about all of this with the global warming and a lot of it's a hoax it's a hoax I mean it's a money making industry Ok a lot of them. Now since taking office Donald Trump has softened his message a bit he's still reticent to say that climate change is a real crisis and like so many right wing politicians around the world he said he does not want to impose environmental restrictions that could hamper the profits of big industry so how does this political rhetoric influence how much the average person trusts sun does well it's really important here to understand what we mean when we talk about trust Now this survey asked people Are you confident that scientists act in the best interests of the public so when people said I do not trust scientists in this context they don't mean I think scientists make mistakes they mean I think scientists are actually working against the American public and when political leaders are saying not only that climate change does not exist but the taking action against climate change could hurt the economy it's clear to see why they might feel that way so what can be done what can be done to address this lack of trust Well openness and communication are key now that study found that across the political spectrum Americans want scientists to be transparent in their work and to show their data to the public now it's vital. Something is done to fix the problems of trust in science and not just for scientists who need public support for everything from funding to real action based on their on their work but governments need it to regardless of their politics they base in immense amount of policy on science and more importantly they need voters to believe in those policies Thank you. Debbie you have some other stories from our news desk and. Despite concerns that he's appointments may not be constitutional. They hand-picked successor. Who is signed in the face of mass protests by offensive text messages his appointment to the u.s. Territory was announced at the last minute as people celebrated. On the streets of San Juan. He's in oral speech Mr Louis c. Acknowledged his term as governor. As governor of Puerto Rico may be a short one on the island Senate has yet to ratify his position the United States has confirmed new sanctions against Russia over the poisoning of the form a double agent Sergei's compile and his daughter in Britain last year Washington said it would oppose any lending to Russia by the i.m.f. And the World Bank and put limits on u.s. Banks financing Russian sovereign debt there also be restrictions on exports of goods and technology the nerve agent attack on St Paul's in Salzburg prompted a mass expulsion of Russian diplomats by western nations Moscow has always denied it was responsible for the Argentina Captain Lee and all Messi has been banned from international football for 3 months after describing the Copa America as corrupt the Barcelona forward was sent off in Argentina's 21 3rd place playoff win over Chile he later said that the cup was fixed for Brazil the 32 year old has also been fined $50000.00 by the South American Football Confederation the band means Messi will miss Argentina's upcoming Friendly's against Chile Mexico and Germany has 7 days to appeal and the professional us baseball club the Philadelphia Phillies have sued the creators of their famous mascot the Philly fanatic to block them from using its fuzzy green likeness for their own profit Wade Harrison Bonnie Erickson who license the mascots design to the team in 1900 have argued that they can legally take back their copyright now that 35 years have elapsed since the deal is Erickson is known for her work with the Muppets and the development of such characters as Miss Piggy Thank you. Micro alkie one of the planet's simplest life forms and one of the most common but scientists say these tiny water based organisms have huge potential for farmers B.B.C.'s huge Schofield has been to the. Britany region of France where a micro a fact trait is now in operation. Imagine a factory space filled in every direction by banks choosing 80 kilometers of it and all that tubing filled with a luminous green liquid gradually making its way around to where it's compressed and siphoned off that is how you make clear Voulgaris and extremely basic organism that happens to be in some people's minds a key to a future revolution in World Farming in the tubes of the bio reactor nourished by light and carbon dioxide a micro Al guy simply multiply themselves by a constant splitting of cells the factories run by l d c l guy who's founder is a. Clear is a jewel of nature it's a concentration of Richmond's which we can use his feet for animals in performance or we can apply it to plants and reduce our dependence on some of the chemicals we use today he's already the nutritional properties of chlorella are well known in Japan it's used as a dietary supplement for humans but this industrial level of production is for farming rich in protein and I mean no acids when added to animal feed it increases the efficiency of the animals digestion sprayed on vines all potato leaves it reduces the need for fungus sides or any believes in a greener approach to the soil and this mega micro Al guy farm is actually the byproduct of an even bigger project which will eventually see hundreds of tons of Bush in the pigs Larry converted into compost thus cutting the dependence on chemical fertilizers but what he isn't is a dreamy eco warrior large scale farming he says remains the way forward that I didn't see. The going to be hard to see the world with 2 chickens and 3 cows in. Field intensive modeled perfectly legitimate as long as it respects nature will. Always going to need agricultural systems and processes that are large and scale but quality and nature must be applied to them too that I can see men. Is an organism that 1st appeared on Earth 2 and a half 1000000000 years ago it's the stuff at the very bottom of the food chain so tiny it's eaten by plankton now making it in factories and hooping it can help feed the world. Hugh Schofield with proportions live in Brittany You've been listening to the news room from the b.b.c. World Service the main news this hour competing street protests taking place in Hong Kong Russia says it's gaining ground in combating wildfires that have been sweeping through large parts of Siberia and Sudan's reading generals civilian protesters believe they may have finally reached a deal. Distribution of the b.b.c. World Service and the u.s. Is made possible by American Public Media producer and distributor of award winning public radio contest a.p.m. American Public Media with support from new offering a personalized weight loss program that uses psychology and small goals to help lose weight and keep it off for good learn more at Newmarch an o.m. Dot com. In just a few minutes. And on the food chain this week. Finding out how. Supply. And compassion. Can Become an act of defiance. After the. B.b.c. News with us big crowds of pro-democracy activists holding another mass rally in Hong Kong the March has already gone beyond the point authorized by the police others among them people from mainland China attending a rival demonstration in support of the territories police force which has been accused of brutality in handling the protests. The Russian authorities say they succeeded in slowing the wildfires raging in Siberia almost 40000 square kilometers have been affected and smoke from the blazes has drifted to Alaska and Canada and very mentally say the situation is an ecological catastrophe and could speed up. Russian opposition activists are planning to hold another demonstration in Moscow to protest against the exclusion of candidates from local elections a week ago more than a 1000 people were arrested at a similar rally. Sudan's military rulers in the main opposition group have agreed a deal that should open the way for civilian government the opposition said the constitutional declaration was a 1st step and that move would follow the agreement follows lengthy talks more talks between the United States and the Afghan Taliban are taking place and cats are the u.s. Envoy there has suggested the militants may be ready to sign a deal that they are refusing to meet the Afghan government. 7 men have been arrested in Italy in connection with a nightclub stampede in which 6 people were killed last year police say the men used pepper spray inside the club that aim was to rob people in the ensuing panic. Well guess on the way in Britain to stop a reservoir dam bursting and flooding the town of Wally bridge huge quantities of water have been pumped out of the reservoir but levels have dropped only by a fraction of what's needed the town was evacuated on that day b.b.c. News. Welcome to the food chain I'm Emily Thomas. Say it started on the 2nd day of yet the bombs are hitting the road so it was difficult for people to leave and lots of victims are women and children. And the Army announced that they had closed off the city and we were under siege after that my friends that we should start to store food and I agreed it was a good idea. Your home is surrounded enemy forces are camped outside the city they've cut off electricity and water supplies and sealed off the main roads out you can leave nothing and no one is coming in but you still have to beat. Could finding a way to eat well become the ultimate act of defiance. The siege was using food as a weapon of war and so it was a form of resistance to show that you are living as you did before serving food that looked like the foods that used it was very important and in some ways more important that it tasted. In this episode people have lived under siege in Aleppo in Syria sorry a fire in the form Yugoslavia and the Gaza Strip are going to reveal the uncomfortable reality of eating behind siege lines where black markets can thrive and people may risk their lives to feed their families will hear that even as food supplies run out creativity and compassion can flourish how we behind siege lines can serve our humanity and resilience. Fast One of the longest siege is of modern history of 3 I the capital of Bosnia Herzegovina and what used to be code Yugoslavia. In 1900. Forces he wanted to establish their own independent state laid siege to Sarajevo for more than 4 years over a quarter of a 1000000 people were confined there and more than 10000 were killed. For many the only form of sustenance came from humanitarian aid supplied by the United Nations and the limited and expensive food available in the black market but even with that how to cook. And electricity were in short supply and c. Was so close to the city that gathering firewood to expose people to the risk of sniper fire and land mines the city was regularly attacked from all sides and one of the biggest massacres took place at a food market Barbara Demick is an American general who lived in. The states and it was you know kind of an odd symbiosis between the u.s. And the Serbs who were laying the siege lines that they kept food out of the city but they allowed people to just barely survive they supplied flour or oil dried beans powdered milk sometimes sugar not always sometimes meat or a tin of sardines there was also a high protein biscuits that were left over from the Vietnam War and the sari agents were really skeptical when they got a package that said packed in 1967 or $68.00 there was a kind of tinned meat people claim that their cats and dogs would die if they that and was there any way of getting food into the city the Bosnians themselves dug a tunnel underneath the airport to smuggle in food it was a very small short tunnel you could carry and supplies by hand or on a little cart what kind of food was being smuggled in and how much did it cost the cost of law $1.00 of the prices I remember was for coffee because Syrians are great coffee drinkers and it was over 100 dollars for a kilo an egg would be maybe $34.00 we would occasionally see really nice cheeses and paté is an wines. That were said to come from French u.n. Troops like any war zone I've ever been and you know when you have money there's something to eat was there any food that you just couldn't get hold of fish was kind of impossible even at the seaside it was just a few hours drive through it was really difficult to get that ad and people had little gardens and balconies so they did grow and the family that I stayed with conveniently had a garden and they had bits of lettuce and carrots that was very nice but people who lived in the newer communis cement block towers they had at best a very small boy alchemy and they were related the most hard up for food and something that really compounded the food situation was the lack of electricity the lack of gas the lack of water if somebody gives you a bag of rice it doesn't do you much good unless you have water and either gas or electricity or firewood with such a limited food supply did people have to come up with new ways of cooking things and new dishes well they did and there was a whole trade in war recipes one family I knew made Wienerschnitzel but it was basically made with bread and they would shape it so that it looked like a piece of veal large chicken or pork and they would coat it with bread crumbs and oil if they had the onions which are onions were also very hard to get they would fry it with the onions if they had garlic they would fry it with garlic there was a great to Maryland 1st spices because when you had such limited foods you needed to season what you had and people ran out of their supplies did it taste nice you know didn't taste not that. You know the key to it was the onions and garlic I mean anything with onions and garlic tastes Ok. The coffee was funny I mean sorry even to consider coffee to be a staple so they would use lentils and they'd Brown the lentils and then grind in place of coffee and it looked kind of like coffee it didn't taste at all like coffee it just tasted like muddy water another favorite recipe it was for french fries or chips as they call them and there were no potatoes which was a great sacrifice for people but they would use flour sometimes corn meal and a little bit of water and they would make it into a and then they would cut it to look like French fries and again it was all about the illusion you could have something that looked like French fries you could have something that looked like coffee it didn't taste remotely like what it was supposed to but it was very important for people to maintain appearances and to look like they were suffering because this was the seeds and the instrument of warfare on the part of the Bosnian Serbs was shoe starved people out and basically take away their sense of humanity and their society and so it was a form of resistance to show that you were living as you did before people would wear make up and do their hair but serving food that looked like the foods that used to eat was very important and in some ways more important that it tasted it was much not to defiance than as a method of survival to try to say to find these different fates exactly exactly they were resisting by saying you know you can't break us by depriving us of food what. Is the psychological a fact. It's the lack of food supply and sorry time did it make people fail very powerless or did food become a sort of uniting fulls to bring people together and give them some strength you know I think on my street it became somewhat of a uniting force people all went back to being sort of hunter gatherers and they went back to you know something of a barter economy if somebody had a garden they might trade a little bit of fresh vegetables with somebody who had military connections and had gotten some coffee or sugar. And did the lack of food lead to people becoming ill. Yes definitely you know during a man people don't usually die of starvation they get preventable illnesses t. Be digestive obstructions just you know flu and people became very ill and we that was that was a very big problem not starvation people were thin but they weren't suffering from the kind of amends syndromes that you associate with Africa swollen belly and rickety limbs but they were very weak and very sickly people's teeth fell out. I'm presumably with Scott as there wasn't any restaurant say no cafe saying there were always a few places that stayed open to cater to the foreign press and the NGOs and the military there was one place that I remember that you know sometimes having language and she's and things that appeared to have fallen off the back of a you had truck we had a couple of great journalist outings at that restaurant was it difficult to get any enjoyment out of Fayed when you got a hold of sorry a there around you and I mean no one's close enough to the 8 I should say yes it was hard to enjoy our food when nobody had enough to eat but that would be kind of untrue we did enjoy our food we were working very hard and we were hungry and when you write about it actually kind of whet your appetite sorry to say it was impossible to eat in Sarajevo at a restaurant without seeing the irony that I had food and others didn't and I wouldn't say it was exactly guilt but it did strike me. And when all this came to an end when the siege was finally broken. How quickly did the food scene return to normal I don't think it for turned to normal very quickly. And supply lines had been destroyed during the war the utilities weren't working properly and people were broke I remember towards the end of the siege there was a shop that had a pineapple on the window. And people were looking at this plan up like it was a u.f.o. That landed somehow the military would just come and stare at it it was such a such a strange I had a. Bad explaining how during the siege of Sarajevo I people found ways to create the food that gave them comfort and a sense of normality even when that meant coffee. Preserving a food culture is perhaps more important than ever when living under siege. We make a whole variety of regional foods and as well as Arabic dishes we make pastries different kinds of bread chicken and rice everything you'd expect to find in Gaza. But how much variety would you expect when more than half of the population is classed as food insecure by the u.n. This is a you know as one of a group of women who runs a catering company in Gaza it's called Act or food of life more than half of the territories labor force are unemployed so customers are in short supply. To kill me to get most of our customers a supermarket working people say women who don't have the time to cook at home so they don't get tired and it's cheap the majority of people who depend on for work do have moment. It's difficult for other people because the situation in Gaza is difficult because. A blockade which Israel says it's imposed because of security concerns has severely restricted imports and exports and movement of people Gazans are not allowed to farm in the mile wide Israeli declared buffer zone on the border an area with some of its best arable land add to that intermittent power supply and almost every household relying on tanker trucks to deliver their water to. The siege causes loads of problems but the main one is electricity sometimes there's no electricity and when we're baking or preparing dishes it's a real issue and the other problem is the financial situation people can't afford much and they don't have incomes raw materials aren't available and can be really expensive which means we can't always make a profit sometimes we have to sell at cost price to keep our customers are there some ingredients it's impossible to get hold of a chore. Yeah the ingredient is that the cakes aren't really available and if they are they're only in a few shops and are really expensive so we can't afford to make them. And you just can't get the kind of otherness we need in Gaza you can only get them outside and we often have to throw vegetables away because the electricity cuts out and the fridges go off the electricity then poses a real problem what about the water supply miniscule and my yearly You can't drink the water in Gaza or cook with it it's not clean so we have to buy bottled water for drinking and cooking as well as for washing ingredients to avoid contamination . So the electricity supply is intermittent and the water supply is difficult to you can't get hold of all of the equipment and the ingredients that you need it sounds really really tough to be running a catering company what keeps you going. I have got 3 kids and I want to prove I can do this even if I work one day but not the next I've got to stick at it apart from the fact that I need the money I really really love cooking and it makes me very happy when people enjoy my food honestly I take so much comfort from doing this and I. Do you think the food and enjoyment of phage in the sharing of faith become more important when you're living in the middle of a political situation like this and when food is limited. And. This is just how things are in Gaza it's nothing new to not have water or electricity it's normal We've got used to it and it's not that there's nothing there's just enough for me to keep the company going of course the situation makes me sad but you have to carry on. Have you ever left Gaza No I haven't other really feeds the aren't available inside Gaza but the you've heard about outside that you'd really like to try. Yes yes there are loads of different things I want to try especially Indian food and food from the Gulf 9 to I met a lot of people who visited the Gulf and they taught me how to make certain things and I recently learned how to make something called. And I'm really pleased I did and it's a bit like Barry on the rice and why Indian food. I really like mixing different ingredients together and I think that's why it tastes good and it's spicy I just like to learn how to make everything. To us there many thanks to our colleagues in God. For arranging the interview. This is the fi chain on the b.b.c. World Service an enemy tell us in this episode we're hearing about feared behind siege lines stories of resilience and resistance even perhaps defiance. On next story that is one of compassion the northern Syrian city of Aleppo has been under siege many times since the conflict began and 2011 in September 26th government forces cut the east of the city off and launched an all out assault to finally regain control from rebel fighters about a quarter of a 1000000 people were trapped there with little food an actress city or water. Was one of them he's an electrician and volunteer ambulance driver he describes how the city's main supply rates. Became a battleground. State started on the 2nd day he had the bombs hitting the road so it was difficult for people to leave and lots of the victims are women and children and the army announced that they'd close of the city and we were under siege after that my friend said we should start to store food and I agreed it was a good idea. We didn't know how long the siege is going to last but I collected about 2000 euros in donations and I used the money to buy and store and of food to feed a couple of 1000 people for a year and a half about things that wouldn't go off 5 tons of rice 3 tons of wheat hundreds attends a food we can only realistically help our own neighborhood not all of Aleppo of course so we decided to help people live nearby which is about 130 families a stored food for them as well as for the animals yes animals as much as people where a loss concern and he's not talking about livestock the committee's more favored but cats which typically don't despite the food shortage he fed around $150.00 every day a social media campaign allowed him to fundraise outside Syria and the nations flooded in he became known as the cat man of Aleppo. We can't talk to himself he's still in Syria in the province which is under heavy bombing but Middle East. Expert Diana dark has shared his own diaries with us she turned them into a book The Lost sanctuary in Aleppo and she's come to join me in the studio Diana this was a dire situation people were in Why Did You Last still feed the cat he was only feeding and out of the scraps from the bushes I mean in the butchers knew him obviously because he would always go there and take all their off cuts and things because cats are 100 percent Kona force and they were going to go vegan or vegetarian and of course as the siege went on it became pretty difficult to fade Katz even with the off cuts he was getting before this is a lie explaining that one of the things it was really hard to get hold of was chicken. Change this is the meat or normally used to feed the couch and because we couldn't get any more cooked rice a mixed it would tend lunch meat which cost nearly $7.00 Us dollars to give the rice to me to taste to at least attempt to make the cancer feel like it was real meat some of the can say to my needs and it was difficult it was the 1st time that ever eaten rice sometimes a flavor the rice or chicken soup and tomato paste for them as a change after about 2 months or cook the same food for the people on the couch and they started to really love the dish it was as if they understood that we were under siege and that there was no meat left so they had to lend each people's food aloha to adapt when he fed the cats and that's something that people were doing today in Syria with the food shortages presumably they became very inventive and resourceful to get around the fact that wasn't fate coming in well that's right and of course humans could live on the rise the boho wheat to pad out you know little tiny bits of protein and whatever else they had but of course the cats needed meat but he couldn't give the cat's meat and have the people just eating the vegetarian things if you like because that is a kind of her own thing in Islam you kind of prioritize the cats. So what he had to do was end up cooking huge quantities of rice or bowl whole wheat mixed with bits of luncheon meat so that it had a kind of meaty flavor of tomato paste so that the cats would feel it was meat he talks about feeding people the same fared as the cat he couldn't feed the cats mate unless he gave it to people today. What came 1st for him I don't think he sees it like that it's just the accident of how it all evolved I mean initially it was the cats who were about it and in the cities so he started just instinctively years before giving them scraps of meat and as more and more people left suddenly he had nearly 150 caps there was a lot of international support for was he was staring huge and there must have been a lot of resistance as well by then the city and outside it there's a lot of people really suffering food deprived and efforts being put into feeding some animals what will he struggle with that all the time everybody was saying to him what on earth are you doing looking after these cats but he was able to show them through all this funding that was coming in from all over the world but look you know it's because of the cats that I'm able to help you here without the cats you wouldn't be getting all of this that they have to struggle with as well but it meant I mean it's difficult people in the international community are happy to give all this money to feed cat Yes Yes So the humans are benefiting that's probably quite difficult for some people to take yes it was a struggle but it's part of his mission in life to to try to train to this attitude to try to help people understand that it is important to look after animals that's always been his philosophy that this is about so much more almost there an element of defiance to what he was doing do you think a point he was trying to make a the politically or point he was trying to make about compassion I think so I think just the nature of the sort of person he is if you like the tougher it got the more determined he got to make a difference and to not give in and he certainly did not want to leave I mean only when the whole of East Aleppo fell then of course he was forced out temporarily into Turkey but then he came back throughout the conflict in Syria there have been situations where people are so hungry that they're starving but that wasn't the case in eastern and no no that's right the you had read very much reduced Russians but you. Never eating grass and leaves as people were in homes and in the hotel but never like that do you think that if it had been like that he still would have fed scraps to the cats I think he would have stayed there somehow or other yes however he could. At the end of our interview Santa told me she has been back to Syria quite a few times in recent years she has a house in Damascus and she said that was the conflict has had some impact on the feed saying the Syrians love of cooking and eating together hasn't changed food is incredibly important to Syrian people I mean it's really about community and you very much sense that when you're in Syria the importance of the culture of food it doesn't matter how rich or poor you are and even very poor people will share with enormous pleasure the tiny bit that they have it's a deeply rooted instinctive thing in Syrian culture. I mean the war has really played havoc with the agriculture the produce when I was in Syria a year ago and I went into the markets in Damascus and happened to be the time of year when the walnuts were in season and there were 3 bags of separate all maps with 3 separate prices so I asked the stolen our What's the difference you know what what are why you got these 3 piles and he said Well these ones which are the cheapest are the ones from Ukraine these ones which are the next cheapest are the ones from America and the most expensive ones are the local ones because we've had such difficulty getting hold of them and you looked at them and the quality actually made you want to weep in a way because the quality of the local ones and Sarah used to have such beautiful warm nuts the quality of them was really shriveled they kind of looks neglected you know as if they hadn't received the trees haven't been able to be looked after they have enough water or whatever I said to him you know how can you get these 3 types of all not coming in like that. How on earth do you get them in from America and he just shrugged his shoulders as concerned as ever everything's possible. Kind of sums it up you know find a way in these in these situations so you find the most unlikely things in the market but the local produce I observed last year has suffered. Diana tuck there with a story. To me that story if a Behind see China like the others we've had shows not just people's resilience but also the power of faith to come forth and pray for humanity when we placed in the most inhumane situations what do you think about what you've had I'm on Twitter at Emily Thomas b.b.c. This program was produced by. Thanks for listening and join us again for the food chain next to. The debates have begun finding it hard to keep track of the candidates the campaigns the issues the drama Morning Edition can help with a sharp focus on the race towards 2020 and of all the politics as you feeling dizzy don't worry you still get a steady dose of science technology the arts and human interest stories from around the world find your perfect balance It's Morning Edition from n.p.r. News Morning Edition 48 am weekdays on k t one a $4.00. You know at 104.3. B.b.c. World Service this is Chris Morris with the real story one topic one hour every week and this week what is immigration for the U.K.'s new prime minister bars Johnson has promised a radical overhaul of the country's immigration system attracting the best talents from around the world by a points by system that judges applicants on the contribution they could make to the u.k. Britain has a long history of immigration from its former colonies and more recently through Britain's membership of the European Union but concern about immigration was also a driving force behind bricks it with many voters unhappy with the rapid pace of change in net communities so what next should the economy take priority over historic links and family ties in Britain or indeed anywhere else can a modern society function without low skilled immigrants and more philosophically what is immigration policy say about a country's soul that's the real story from the b.b.c. Coming up after the news. I'm Debbie rests with the b.b.c. News Hallett rival demonstrations are taking place in Hong Kong where tensions remain high after weeks of anti-government protests huge crowds of pro-democracy supporters are marching through Mom called chanting slogans and urging people to join a planned strike on Monday Stephen McDonell reports they're already starting to build Barack guides here their helmets over to come out and I think that just shows what they're expecting to happen here a bit later on when the authorities try to clear them out of their salary sort of all fall on the other side of the harbor where early out at the pride of Beijing rally there sighing at the actions of the players stop time we understand a boil coming down hard on the protesters and yes a very different message from both sides of AA that it's going on at the same job the Russian military says it's managed to put out another 16 large forest fires in Siberia as it seeks to contain blazes that have scorched vast areas of the territory military planes and helicopters have been dumping water Steve Rosenberg is in it could see a lot of forestry workers in Russia right now trying to do is to to localize the place they brought in a bulldozer to clear away anything in flammable tweaks and moss and leaks to stop the fire from spreading but it hasn't stopped it from spreading and that is a problem and the other problem is a lot of dead wood dead trunks because the fires are burning inside of these trucks so even if military planes are dropping 40 tons of water in one go if the fires are still burning inside the deadwood it's very difficult to extinguish them Police in Italy have arrested 7 young men in connection with a stampede as a nightclub last year in which 6 people died this is the Exodus sparking the panic by using pepper spray as part of a plan to rob people inside the venue in-car Naldo in the eastern province of n. Kona his daddy bought. The crash of the Blue Lantern nightclub in December horrified Italy in the rush to escape the packed venue 5 teenage boys were killed as well as a 39 year old mother she'd been accompanying her young daughter to see a rapper who'd been jailed to perform nearly 200 others were injured investigators believe those responsible form the gang who specialized in the theft of gold jewelry and clubs in central and northern Italy 6 of the 7 all aged between 19 and 22 have been accused.
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