Hello and welcome to the history hour with me Max Pearson the past brought to life by those who were there this week an anti nuclear protest in 1980 s. Germany that changed the country's energy policy demonstrators ring the construction site advocates dolphin bar Varia as missiles were thrown the police replied with water cannon and tear gas also the scientists at the center of the route between the government and the e.c. Has been found dead the mystery surrounding the death of a British weapons inspector caught up in the Iraq war controversy plus the horrors faced by those involved in the 1944 Warsaw uprising and what these little is corrupt people and then the smell of does guns goes and there was a panic and during the night Iraq invaded Kuwait and overthrew the government Iraqi troops and tanks crossed the border that said I'm Hussein's invasion of its southern neighbor in 1990 we'll meet at the resistance fighter after about a 10 of today's news. Hello I'm David Harper with the B.B.C.'s Hong Kong's chief executive Carrie Lam has said her administration will stand firm in maintaining law and older pro-democracy activists trying to enforce a general strike over in 200 flights have been canceled Stephen McDonell reports pro-democracy activists had called for widespread struck today and virtually all pots of all call have been affected by cross Haba tunnels have been blogs for the 3rd day in a row and businesses of all sizes of remain closed today as stuff called in sick in support of the strike action calls Leader Kerry has hardly been seen in public over recent weeks hold a press conference she blames demonstrators for the political process now heading into its 3rd month said she would not resign and bowed to restore order to hold call the chief executive rejected calls for an independent inquiry into police actions here Democrats in the United States have accused President Trump of inciting hate crimes with inflammatory rhetoric against immigrants and people of color a criticism comes after 2 mass shootings at the weekend that left 29 people dead one Democratic Party presidential candidate Pete booted judge has said America was under attack from home grown white nationalists this is terrorism and we have to name it is such it is very clear that the loss of American life in Charleston in San Diego in Pittsburgh by all appearances now in El Paso too is symptomatic of the effects of white nationalist terrorism. China's currency has fallen to its lowest level against the dollar in over a decade as hopes fade for swift resolution of the trade war between Beijing and Washington it's breached the level of 7 against the dollar which is seen as a key threshold the People's Bank of China blamed protectionism and tariffs on Chinese goods a United Nations Bank fact finding team investigating human rights abuses in Myanmar has called for an embargo on arms sales and for sanctions to be imposed against companies linked to the armed forces Jonathan Head reports last year the u.n. Fact finding team issued its 1st report calling for mammals top military commanders to be charged with genocide over their campaign against the Rangers now it's recommending what is in effect a complete international isolation of the military through an embargo on all arms sales and through sanctions against at least $45.00 companies including some of the largest in Myanmar over their close ties to the armed forces officials from these companies say the report's authors could also be prosecuted for complicity in crimes against humanity the report also advises more than 60 foreign companies with links to the military and associated businesses to disengage to avoid being tainted by human rights violations news from the b.b.c. . In the last few minutes the Indian home minister I meet Shar has proposed to Parliament that Arco Article $370.00 of the Indian Constitution which confers special status on the state of Jammu and Kashmir be revoked Pakistan disputes India's sovereignty over the Kashmir valley where there has been a long running insurgency against Indian rule. Imports of Japanese cars have tumbled in South Korea as angry consumers continue to shun products from their neighbor made a bid to trade disputes sales of Honda and Toyota cars are down about a 3rd from last year the 2 countries are embroiled in a base around our the South Korea's demand for compensation for wartime forced labor as that's led Tokyo to impose restrictions on the export of materials vital to South Korea's manufacturing industries h.s.b.c. Bank has announced the departure of its chief executive John Flint after just 18 months in the role saying it needed a change at the top the announcement came as h.s.b.c. Posted a 16 percent rise in half yearly profits Karishma Vaswani reports from Singapore h.s.b.c. Hasn't given a specific reason for this surprise decision but in a statement accompanying its result the bank referred to the increasingly complex and challenging global environment in which it operates and said a change is needed to meet the challenges it faces and capture the significant opportunities before it Mr Flint's focuses c.e.o. Was on growing the bank's business in China but those plans reportedly faced resistance from the Chinese government according to The Financial Times Mr flinty said he agreed with the board's decision that this is the right time for change for both him and the bank the humanitarian group s.o.s. Medicare and a has dispatched its new rescue ship to search for migrants stranded in the Mediterranean Sea The Norwegian flagged ocean Viking set off from the southern port of must say to focus its activity off the coast of Libya b.b.c. News. Hello this is the history with max prison this week the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990 for more than a decade later the death of David Kelly who got caught up in the aftermath of the invasion of Iraq also the Warsaw uprising of 1904 and for 939 were the most significant discoveries of Anglo-Saxon treasure but we begin in Germany during the 1980 s. And a crucial moment in the debate over nuclear energy in Western Europe at the start of the decade the Bavarian government announced plans to build a nuclear reprocessing plant at vacas doff in the south of the country 8 years later construction on the plant was halted after a sustained protest campaign which saw tens of thousands of demonstrators taking part and sometimes violent clashes with the police you see burnt has been speaking to the local district administrator hands sra who became a figurehead for the protests. In West Germany riot police used water cannon to help but antinuclear protesters at the site of the country's 1st nuclear reprocessing plant demonstrators ring the construction site advocates dolphin Varia as missiles were thrown the police replied with water cannon and tear gas the van munch mud change sometimes it was 102-0000 the biggest demonstrations were 506-0000 people the whole community was that this is hands where he was the head of the district to 30 inch off the area where the nuclear plant was being proposed yes to my 9100 murdering city I 1st heard rumors about it in 1079 the newspaper had a story that there was a nuclear site being planned in the area and a few weeks later the Bavarian Environment Minister Dick invited me to a strictly confidential meeting and told me what was being planned that was the 1st time I heard the phrase reprocessing facility and he said it would be a very. Crane operation people wearing white aprons pollution no environmental damage they danger a nuclear reprocessing plant takes spent fuel from nuclear power stations and runs its a set of chemical reactions to separate useful radioactive elements like Iranian plutonium which can be re-used from highly radioactive waste material the developer said that the plant planned for the small community of vacas Dauth would bring with it $3600.00 jobs for the area. Steps 1st I was in favor of it because I didn't really know what it was I was just thinking about the jobs because in those days in the front door district we have the highest unemployment rate in the whole of West Germany so of course I was pleased that a factory was being built here I had no idea that it could have been dangerous Not everyone in Charmed off was on board with the plan a group of local citizens set up an action group in 1901 to fight against the plans running information campaigns and local protests but district administrator hunch where continue to advocate for the plan until one day he had a meeting with the management team from the plant. They kept visiting me and trying to explain it to me and telling me what it was a bad and then one day they showed me a blueprint for the site which had a 200 metre high chimney on it and I asked the 200 meter chimney for them and they said to spread any possible has a just ready to act of material as widely as possible and I said what hazardous radioactive material you've always said it was a really clean operation hence where I joined the campaign against the plant even though as a local government official that put him in conflict with the higher up the variance state government it's been of the gang symbol Mr Big I went around the whole country saying you have to. Vacas Dorothy you have to organize buses and come down and join the protests I went to Berlin twice. Braman. Every couple of days I went somewhere to try to persuade people to come construction started on the vacas doff reprocessing plants and December 1905 the demonstrations began to grow the debate over the nuclear industry in West Germany was already heated and a campaign as from the whole country came to join the protests in Pakistan. Lead us walking and advance of our life here on this about every weekend up there was so many people offense the police couldn't cope sometimes there were 5 or 6000 police officers and backers Dorf it was incredibly expensive for the state. Of the protests escalated throughout 1906 spurred on by the News of the accident at the nuclear power plant in Chernobyl at the end of July more than 100000 people attended a music festival supporting the protest featuring the biggest names in jam and rock music at the time it was the biggest concept in Jenin history. Just coming up for good why did you just come and not be sometimes it was violent sometimes there were people throwing stones a policeman or using slingshots or crows feet which was spikes they throw on the ground to puncture people's timers that people cut holes in the fence and lots of other things but that was a relatively small number maybe not even one percent of the demonstrators you know we always demanded peaceful resistance we didn't want filings although it couldn't completely be avoided the West German police responded with water cannons stun grenades and tear gas hundreds of demonstrators were arrested many people were injured and to protest and a policeman died the press started to say it looked like a civil war about I had forgotten the girl she. It was a great surprise that the state acted so brutally I always said today I still go into schools and training colleges and so on and the young people want to know what happened in fact is still and I always say vaca story is a perfect example of what should not be able to happen in a democracy or in a state run on the rule of law. But then I also always say it's the perfect example of what is possible in a democracy because only in a democracy with freedom of the press and freedom of opinion would it have been possible to stop this project hence where the responsible upright local politician became a figurehead for the protests this is. Just yes of course it was very unusual that a district administrator takes a stand against the government and I think it was unique in the whole of West Germany and particularly in Bavaria of course it wasn't pleasant most of my colleagues were on the side of the government the other district administrators and the mayors and so on I lost a lot of friends over it after I had refused to agree to the construction of the plant within his jurisdiction that the very end government had introduced a new law which enabled the state government to bypass local officials going head to appraise the plant 1st they made it really hard for me of course they brought disciplinary procedures against me they wanted to force me out where they can fight was with the prime minister the very air France feel as if Strauss The fact is don't plan as one of his pet projects and he was determined to push it through in spite of the protests hunch where was outspoken in his public criticism of the way his superior was handling the situation for street Africa destructors not being on a trip to South Africa when it was a dictatorship and then Chile and Greece they were military dictatorships and I said watched Rose has seen in these military dictatorships that's what he wants to do in Bavaria that was one of the things that was brought up in the disciplinary procedures against me but she kept fighting if I became a youngster I wasn't afraid for my job being I'd been a workman before I was a civil engineer and I said if I get ousted as district administrator I'll just go back to doing the. At No problem I got a lot of support from the voters by the end I had over 70 percent of the vote and of course that was really a mandate from the population here to push through and fight the government after nearly 8 years of protest construction on the vacas dot nuclear reprocessing plant was halted in May 1909 but are going to negotiate for it it obviously we were delighted we really celebrated we drank champagne at the fence they said it was for economic reasons that it was getting too expensive and that the waste processing facilities in France or England which cheaper so they would take the spent fuel there instead but the term of the board said that along with the economic reasons for stopping the project you can't build a site like that against the will of the population so he admitted that the resistance was decisive in counseling the project I think that vaca story was a turning point for nuclear politics in general for the whole of Germany and who continued to serve as the district administrator for Schwandorf until 1906 was talking to Lucy Burns So was that vacas doth protest a turning point Hogan airings professor of history at the University of Stirling specializing in post-war European social movements to some extent it was because that was really the 1st environmental and protests that results in the projects being aborted it took 9 to 10 years for the environmental movement chiefs that on the other hand if we look at it in a kind of longer time frame it was very much the parts of the road environmental consciousness which affect society and in terms of German society though how unusual were the protests over vaca story of and the way in which they are unfolded I think what was really unusual about that star was that essentially. I'm trots such district officials it's an elected Oh it's but it's also an administrator that he decided to oppose the planning a vacation already so in a sense he turned Senate ministry into a highly political act at the local level and he then framed this as something that which is Krissy not so in a social movement sense. Recently and the local governments and I think this is really quite an interesting element there but we do find that in the protests Well they were after example protests at their base called. Bob and south west Germany it's also about building up a nuclear plant which by the way also also again dish different types of equal came together so at least when not. To call environmental activists and the way that magine they went it piece that I all you type people but this also Comus him to the local community and some it's not just from the National screen also actually Shrum the Social Democrats and some I'm sleepin I'm a Christian Democrat but historically how used to those sorts of protests that sort of mass demonstration would Germany have been told and so nuclear energy protests those thoughts on that sort of massive scale from 1970 s. On the wets and in the 1980 s. When the stuff protests really way celebrating never there were quite a few quite a number of protests going on in parallel some against you know what and so there were quite similar to the British protests against cruise missiles raining home and all that but there were also other environments the protests against Iraq something that dying off currents already. Said if I meant change movement I'm. By movements against building sites such as the extension of Frank but am caught so by the 1980s those protests were actually already quite common though perhaps not necessarily in Bavaria because soon a sense that's unique saying. Yeah and start Barry has always been seen as a sort of conception of. What happened to u.k. Policy in Germany since then and we heard mention there the effect a noble might have had in the way people with thinking but then there's been focused Shima So what's happened since well the Reds coalition governments the government and. And then which just. As the foreign secretary which payments how in the late ninety's they decide at some point basic be abolished you can energy production this was then abandoned by the early Merkel government and it was only after. Merkel more or less overnight decided that she would actually go for all the abandoning of power. Going airing at the University of Stirling exactly 75 years ago the streets of Warsaw were in turmoil on the 1st of August 1944 resistance fighters in the Polish capital rose up against German occupying forces the uprising lasted for 63 days and some 200000 people were killed what sort itself was largely destroyed speaking of POWs since he was one of the young Poles fighting to free Warsaw from the Nazis he told the story of those times to Luis a Dago. Had. Missed the summer of $944.00 and the largest single military operation undertaken by a resistance movement during the 2nd. World War is about to begin an. Invasion by Nazi Germany of Poland 5 years earlier had been the spark that had begun the war but by 944 the tide was turning the Soviet Red Army was advancing from the east and the German Ami's were in retreat as the young boys beginning of Pelton ski had watched the triumphant German army and to Warsaw now he walks them begin to leave with arrived 90 so as heroes time. To talk a little bit since all this went to a lot of that would actually like the wounded too and what it actually on peasant Cobbs the pathetic side can you remember I mean that the young 18 year old that feeling as you sold them looking like I could defeat it on me leaving Also it was a very mixed feeling we were delighted to cause on the other hand the question was what next it was obvious that it would not be a splendid liberation by British and very controlled by the Polish. But the Russians and the Russians we have thought that was the sort of confusion and. For most of the war the Poles had believed that liberation would come from the West but instead that last summer Britain and America were bogged down in northern France and it was the Soviet army from the East that had reached the river just south of Warsaw the Polish resistance the Polish home mommy was loyal to the Polish government in exile in London with the Germans in disarray and the Russians closing in that government in exile decided to call an uprising to drive out the last remaining German soldiers and establish its control of the city before the Russians arrived the idea was that it would be a very good idea to write East just before the Russians and. To show that was stronger to the mountains kind of operation of the sky and then the wiser. Slugs and green. Is speaking if I joined the Polish home mommy the year before sneaking out from the family home to train and then the message came the uprising was stopped on August the 1st at 5 pm we were told to report to a cloak some place in the South was. Called 2 of them are usually feed serve a small doses and I wasn't actually prepared for what they should have done and some of my friends that it was to put the heaviest shoes you know a change of clothes and I just went home to suspension meal my mother was very suspicious even more suspicious when to the nth over the because by this was the last I saw her. At 5 o'clock that day speak natives unit was taken to a nearby park and handed their weapons that he says was the 1st shoke they started loading their arms and this was the real disappointed because on the about one. Thing they were mostly rifles. Stolen German drug foes close to submachine guns and that was about the old speaking it didn't get a weapon that 1st day Instead he and a friend volunteered to carry messages through the city as the street fighting raged and the insurgents captured some parts of the city. That. Come before me. But. The uprising would last $63.00 days but from the very 1st few days it was clear that far from conceding the city the Nazis were going to do everything that they could to crush the uprising German reinforcements was sent to Warsaw and on August the 4th the bombing began from the as. The Germans issued warnings to the civilian. And the head of the s.s. Heinrich Himmler owed it that no one should be spared. The same day that the aerial bombardments began German soldiers started taking residents out of the houses in areas they controlled and shooting them more than $40000.00 civilians were rounded up and executed over the course of a few days in one district Vala. The communications was so bad that in the south west of the city was big and his comrades were stationed they knew nothing of this and soon Zbigniew have had his own brush with death sheltering with civilians in the basement of an empty house as a bomb flew overhead creates a sort of noise. Sound gets nearer and nearer nearer there's a moment's silence when the bomb is drawn because it's a crush. Of the building completely better to me and in fact to the computer where the Arabs speaking it was trapped among the bodies in the rubble for hours a beam he'd been standing underneath had saved him Miraculously his only injury was his wrist made remember when I was taking notes this was 6 o'clock. Before this darkness and dos and I had this sort of feeling it was physical feeling. That I had had a bad bad bad at that time. By the end of August the Germans had recaptured the old town executing most of the wounded insurgents and civilians that they found there early on the Soviet army had stopped its advance on the outskirts of Warsaw and waited and this is where I'm. With sort of temper to Ms completely evaporated when they realized that too it was new to the question of how soon and in what way the Germans would. On September the 24th German tanks and troops moved into the area of was always big the as unit was soon 10000 Polish fight is speaking of among them were trapped in an area for streets white the local commander off at the surrender that many fighters decided that rather than face the Germans they take their chances and try to escape through the cities to is the smell was unbelievable and darkness triggered the present doctors and momos crowd of people not just so does the civilians remember we were walking with our hands on the shoulders of the POWs in from so that people would get lost so there was this very slow sort of movement. Steps over he said realizing what was happening the Germans had thrown down exposes the way ahead was blocked by rubble and they were this enormous crowd of people and then the smell of the skies goes and there was a pounding and then some fish horrible I'm almost reluctant to talk about it but one of my best friends from the unit who was injured was bandaged and I remember him softly getting met ripping this but the Jews the blood like the fountain flooding of him he falls in the crowd goes over them you know it's up was when was the worst moment to see we're all because Fred being trampled to death by a crowd of people is big news haven't 2 of his other commies decided that they would rather die above ground like soldiers and down in the Su is like rats they climbed out and they were fortunate to be met by regular German soldiers who took them prisoner and s.s. Men would have stopped them. Speaking have pepsin ski spent the rest of the war in a German prisoner of war camp after the war he went to England where he became Professor of Politics at Pembroke College Oxford. Also the surviving civilians were sent to Nazi forced labor and concentration camps what was left of the city was systematically razed to the ground in January $945.00 the Soviet army finally ended deserted Warsaw and drove out the remaining to. Go and you can see a young Zbig in a photo taken in 1906 on our website just search for b.b.c. Witness history and value that you might like to look out for more 2nd world war firsthand memories in a special World War 2 collection more from history in just a moment. Distribution of the b.b.c. World Service in the United States is made possible by American Public Media producer and distributor of award winning public radio content a.p.m. American Public Media with support from Progressive Insurance with the name your price tool offering a range of coverage and price options to choose from now that's progressive and progressive dot com or 1800 progressive. Coming up in part 2 of the history are the troubling death of David Kelly the British scientist who'd been hunting for Iraqi w m d also the Iraq invasion of Kuwait in 1998 and arguably the greatest ever hole of Anglo-Saxon treasure when it. Naturally excited it looked. So. With the. First new summary. B.b.c. News with David Harper Hong Kong's chief executive Kerry Lam has pledged to restore law and order as pro-democracy activists try to enforce a general strike by disrupting transport networks vowing not to resign in the face of intensifying protests she said increasingly violent demonstrations are pushing the city to the verge of a very dangerous situation and the last few minutes the Indian home minister Amit Shah has proposed to Parliament that Article 370 of the Indian Constitution which confers special status on the state of Jammu and Kashmir the revote is also proposed that the state be reorganized with Ludacris being carved out as a separate administrative unit Pakistan disputes India's sovereignty over the Kashmir valley where there has been a long running insurgency against Indian rule President Trump has said Hate has no place in the United States after 2 mass shootings in Texas and Ohio that left a total of $29.00 people dead he said he had spoken to his attorney general the f.b.i. And members of Congress about what could be done to prevent such violence his Democratic opponents have accused him of inciting hate crimes South Korea has announced a plan to invest more than $6000000000.00 on research and development to cut reliance on imports from Japan The move comes in response to Japan's decision to impose restrictions on the exports of materials vital to South Korea's manufacturing industries China's currency has fallen to its lowest level against the dollar in over a decade as hopes fade for a swift resolution of the trade war between Beijing and Washington is breached the level of 7 against the dollar a key threshold h.s.b.c. Bank has announced the departure of its chief executive John Flint after just 18 months in the role saying it needed a change at the top the surprise announcement came even as h.s.b.c. Posted a rise in half yearly profit b.b.c. News. Welcome back to part 2 of the history hour with Max Baucus and still to come the 1990 invasion of Kuwait and from $939.00 a remarkable Anglo-Saxon find in an English country garden but before that the controversial death of a British weapons expert an event which caused even deeper anxiety than that which already existed over Britain's involvement in the invasion of Iraq in 2003 Dr David Kelly was the expert in question he'd been on several weapons inspection visits to Iraq to try to determine if Saddam Hussein's regime had developed nuclear chemical or biological capabilities in July 2003 months after the decision to go to war Dr Kelly was found dead in a field Rebecca Caspi has been speaking to one of the doctors who signed a letter calling for further investigation of the circumstances surrounding Dr Kelly's death. And like those scientists at the center of the road between the government and the b.b.c. Has been found dead Dr David Kelly Dr David Kelly was one of the world's leading biological warfare experts the discovery of his body on a hillside in Oxfordshire just 3 days after giving evidence at a televised parliamentary hearing shocked the nation tonight we have a profound personal tragedy wrapped up in serious criticism of the b.b.c. And Foreign Affairs Select Committee the Ministry of Defense and of the government as a whole the official explanation was that Dr Kelly deliberately took his own life but such was the maelstrom of public debate at the time so divided was the nation over the war in Iraq that his sudden death sparked any number of conspiracy theories while Dr Kelly's widow accepted it was suicide others were concerned the normal procedures following a sudden death were not followed by the all Thorazine among the critics or a group of. Medical doctors I have a scientific mind a sort of curious mind it's the uncertainty the unusual nature of the Chari and one questions and really the question is did he commit suicide Jon sky is a consultant vascular surgeon he was one of a number of prominent medical doctors and scientists that in 2009 signed an open letter saying that they had multiple serious concerns about the medical and forensic evidence used to conclude that Dr Kelly killed himself an injury to Dr Kelly is thought to have contributed to his death but the doctors questioned whether that was likely the statement by Dr Kelly's family indicated they accepted the verdict of suicide but a group of medical and legal experts is challenging the finding not because they said they didn't take his own life but because they believe it couldn't possibly have happened in the way that's being said the concerns we have stopped is all that we all know tree is trying to treat and it's said that. It retracts the muscle closes the 2 ends of the Aussie so that it doesn't leave very much only injury to his wrist which was really your area of expertise Have you ever seen somebody who has died from a similar injury I've never seen anybody die from a long roll Shri laceration Cup and we looked through the live show and there are new cases recorded I think we found one in a prisoner in Brazil but it's very rare the more we went on and the more information that was provided the more suspicious one became the families described quite clearly that there was very little blood sight to die as a large amount of blood you want to lose probably 2 thirds of your sake elation before it becomes a reversal the story began with the u.k. Government's controversial decision to. Joined the United States in its invasion of Iraq in 2003 the government claimed it had evidence that the army of Saddam Hussein was able to launch a chemical or biological attack within 45 minutes it concludes that Iraq has chemical and biological weapons. That Saddam has continued to produce them. That he has existing and active military plans for the use of chemical and biological weapons which could be activated within 45 minutes including against his own Shia population and that he's actively trying to acquire nuclear weapons capability David Kelly was sent multiple times to Iraq as a u.n. Weapons inspector he told b.b.c. Journalist Andrew Gilligan he was worried that the 45 minute claim was based on flawed evidence the b.b.c. Ran the story without naming any source but government officials were livid and so began a damaging route between the public broadcaster and the government I asked the b.b.c. Whether they were standing by the allegation they made that we deliberately exaggerated a bit of the obsessively out to question the answer is guess the only a robust Yes Susan eventually Dr Kelly's name became public and a quiet private scientist was thrust into the spotlight but my background is that I'm a scientist I was once head of microbiology course but for the last 10 years to speak up for these calls to give evidence at a parliamentary hearing David Kelly faced tough questions I reckon you're Shaq's you'll be in trouble Roger does a top priority because if so but for Guy We didn't set up I'm sure he would have been under intense pressure wouldn't hang Yes I mean I think they were sort of accusing him of you know making out these sort of things and there was a certain amount of pleasantness so I could certainly see him he's under pressure and I think suicide is certainly a possibility the group of doctors chief complaint was that normal procedures didn't seem to have been followed by the authorities any sudden unexplained or violent death is investigated by a Carna in the u.k. But within hours of the body being found. The event Prime Minister Tony Blair opened a judicial inquiry into the death superseding a coroner's court but with far less legal clout Lord Hutton was given the task of conducting the inquiry it's the only time such an inquiry has replaced a car in his report for one individual death in the u.k. Department of Lord Hutton was so rapid that there were a lot of questions being asked that were never satisfied fully oncet nor how to start his inquiry on the basis that Dr Kelly had killed him so that was a bit of an assumption really he may have killed himself Horry may have died or someone else might have killed him the correct procedures were not for that official on says about Dr David Kelly's death has met with new doubts this was not a natural death and unexpected death which the quiet vital current is the best this is precisely the function of the current us courts in this country it's highly likely the coroner's verdict would have been death to 2 unnamed causes or accidental death or something like that and I'm not a coroner but I do go to court and I do advice corn as he would have had to have the stablished any doubt that Kelly actually set out to kill himself and I don't think that evidence exists in 2004 Lord Hutton published his findings into the death of David Kelly Dr Kelly took his own life I'm further satisfied that there was no involvement was the person in Dr Kelly's death and old Hutton was clear that he believed the case was closed but it didn't stop the public debate that we're all on all such questions of the lack of blood all the kind of things that are made all this move a lot of people on the seizing on the back of this who actually are conspiracy theories and who believe the series of nonsensical things you don't investigate things properly you leave us and into the gaps come the conspiracy theory is a lot of people would accuse. People like you being conspiracy theorists How do you respond Well I'm not a conspiracy theorist I would think that I quite like information I quote the facts person should have had I was the car what we really needed was an inquest there would have been the explanation whatever that explanation is and I would have been set aside in 2010 the new government made public the autopsy report which had been classified it mirrored the findings of the Hutton report that calls for the case to be reopened continued. Rebecca speak with the story of the controversy surrounding the death of the British weapons expert Dr David Kelly his work searching for weapons of mass destruction in Iraq began in the years between what's known now as the 1st Gulf War and the then invasion of Iraq after $911.00 and that 1st Gulf War involving western powers was sparked by an event in the middle of 1990 when thousands of Iraqi troops and tanks began pouring into Kuwait the tiny oil rich Gulf state was quickly overrun by Saddam Hussein's military it was a blatant violation of international law and it led to an American led campaign to drive out the Iraqi forces but there was also local resistance some by a backlash has spoken to some of the Allow we who joined the underground resistance trying to free the country. And I'm quite. Sure I heard that. And I know he a 20 year old Kuwaiti government employee was woken by his father at about 8 in the morning boy a letter from my father God rest his soul he said something to me that surprised me come on Sammy get up and die get off and die I said to him Go and die he said Saddam scented Coates get open go and volunteer in. Mance go to the army headquarters and see what you can do Sami immediately got into his car but he soon found out that Iraqi forces had already reached his part of Kuwait City the scary lower than. It was a soldier in full combat gear in the middle of the street I thought he was a Coates a soldier The point is going to me and I go out he greeted me with a slap in the face he tried to kill me hit me with the car I was surprised the said Brother I just woke up what's going on in the country here is an Iraqi soldier he realized I was never stop I was really shocked so he said get a new car and go go. Go Iraq in Kuwait had argued for years over the border Iraq accused of keeping oil prices low by increasing production then when quite refused to write off a $14000000000.00 debt which Iraq has incurred during its war with Iran things had come to a head during the night Iraq invaded Kuwait and overthrew the government Iraqi troops and tanks crossed the border and quickly reached the capital to a clade population at the time was just 2100000 people most foreign nationals left immediately and an estimated 2 thirds of the country's citizens either fled or stranded abroad. We are going to Iraq to the ones who stayed resisting the Iraqi occupation to various forms Sami and his father went from being civilians to members of the and resistance overnight gathering weapons and ammunition and trying to oppose Iraqi forces the more you can have and always say the more colors of the in August our most important task was finding a place to base ourselves and security weapons the Iraqis still didn't know the country well not like it was you know they still hadn't got to grips with all the areas so we collected all the weapons record and went on the ground as the Iraqis consolidated their grip on the country resistance became more and more risky Sammy and his uncle were captured in October 1990 they were taken to a prison in Basra in Iraq on the. Way then they stopped and a little bit in a little clip showed up we were blindfolded with one cause behind our backs It's Ok I was and I could tell it was a windy place he lined us up next to each other and I hear the sound of guns being loaded and the firing started to the program and you had to tells you that the person next to him has been shot and the next shot to be for you I was just waiting to feel the bullets heat so that I would for 2 minutes later we had the Iraqis laugh and it was pretended they wanted to execute this then they put us back in the bus it was just the thing they did with me was released in late December 1990 he went straight back to Kuwait and the resistance in the intervening months the international community had formed a coalition led by the USA to force in Iraq out of Kuwait want to way or another Iraqi army of occupation will leave Kuwait on the 17th of January 1991 a coalition launched Operation Desert Storm on the 24th of February the coalition's ground troops went in a few moments ago we crossed the border into Kuwait in the desert on either side of Iraq. Blushing in the name Odyssey. Comes to 5 o'clock in the morning on 24 February 991 that was it was there's no way Coates not coming back there was an explosion of joy we were kissing each other that was it it was doing all sorts but it wasn't quite done Sammy's father saidhe idea little resistance group called in the seal a cell its base was a house in the good and suburb south of quite city but coalition forces hunt yet reached Kuwait City and that morning Iraqi troops arrived in getting to carry out random searches on houses Sammy was there with his father and 17 other young men when the soldiers came to search the house when one of them shot at an Iraqi soldier to prevent him from entering the troops fired back when I was literally another 100 was like a little it was exciting so I've been waiting for this up. Unity for 7 months and I know more than I had that the coalition invasion was going to start a new day we're going to liberate Kuwait wait but soon the shootout in getting escalated into a full scale battle the Iraqis brought in reinforcements and tanks a whole lot of us all to hold off the day it was scary they had the advantage you know before I was telling it it was exciting and we were thinking it's either me or you when we had the tanks and I saw the tank shells and what they did the balance which means he hasn't disappeared it was painful I thought I can confront this as the hours passed with the resistance so hopelessly outnumbered it's leader son his father could see it was just a matter of time before they were all killed or captured it was a devastating turning point for me no other. Approached me my father's difference and we were really good friends and we had a lot respect between us so when he saw that was it after half an hour or an hour that would be the end I feel like you thought I'm your elder and I'm responsible so I will die but God help the rest of you aside for good weather that so he went up to the roof and a shell hit I called out to me and said I'm Ok he said I'm Ok 2nd shell I called out to him and he didn't answer and I didn't have the courage to go and see the house was completely exposed I mean we'd gone very clever she delivers us where there is in a moment you know the feeling that the on the other told you about before when the bravery that I didn't care when I didn't hear his voice a lost all of that I just wanted one thing then I wanted to get out the house I didn't want to be captured alive so I left the house and Jamal Until out came with me we went back to the neighbor's house knowing that the Iraqi forces were preparing to still not house Sami says that he and his friend Gemma hid in a storage cupboard again sure to fulfill that if we found blankets and shores and we wrapped ourselves in them and was really cold. Had been bleeding since morning man Jamal stayed in the storage co-op until 6 or 7 o'clock until it got dark and we had the Iraqis come into the house one of them said say let's have a look in here he came up and he opened the door and he lit is lighter the cupboard was 2 meters by 2 meters it was impossible not to see what was inside I thought he seen me for sure I started reciting a verse from the Qur'an so myself in the name of God the most gracious the dispenser of grace we have set a barrier before them and a barrier behind them and we haven't shrouded them in veil so that they cannot see and I had the Iraqi sayings with Officer So there's nothing in there that's just ranks and close I thought he since he's taken pity on us a few seconds later he said to his officer why don't you throw hand grenades in there and clear the place and. Then an officer in the street called him so his officer says to him leave it leave it so when I was calling this the battle on Sunday the 24th of February had lost a 10 hour as son his father and 2 other members of the cell were killed in the House and the bodies of the 9 members of the cell captured by the Iraqi forces will later dump its neighbor I Sami was one of the 7 who survived Kuwait is liberated Iraq's army is defeated. The official awards that choose their own country was liberated people were celebrating and laugh and happy Coase it returned. I didn't live these moments of happiness that I've been waiting for I didn't feel it I didn't live it I was crying and going around the hospital morgue looking for my friends. T.n.a. . Has evolved one of them even now sometimes I can smell the gunpowder from the tank I can remember what a smells in the house the moment I'm alone the whole tape repeats it's like a tattoo what happened to me has been tattooed on my mind up to a sow's and Kuwaitis are thought to have been killed during the occupation of Kuwait and around 600 disappeared tens of thousands of Iraqi troops lost their lives during the liberation of the country so by about caution she was speaking to some it allow We joined the resistance fighter in 1990. Finally this week one of the most remarkable archaeological discoveries in British history it was made in the summer of 1939 when a huge hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold was found at Sutton who in Suffolk and as well here there was a curious twist in the tale of how the treasure was discovered this event has been listening to material from the b.b.c. Archives to unravel the story. When we 1st saw the jeweler really like naturally wildly excited it looked so beautiful league on the line in the sand with the back ribs a bit behind this is Margaret one of the archaeologists working at Sutton who in 1989 and we will track it down and look at it and of course felt that we were in on the bell boys venture. Sutton who House now known as trauma house is an Edwardian country house not far from Engine South East Coast in Suffolk with an unusual view onto a series of mysterious mounds all barren a story starts in 1926 when the house was bought by parents Edith pretty and moved in with her husband Frank a nice Molly Bevan remember in a b.b.c. Documentary in 2010 she became pregnant when she was 47 it was a very difficult pregnancy and she was quite a hero but anyway produce has the name of a throne but my quite soon on to that. Next time. And she turned round to bitterness friends to that spiritual ism is the belief that it's possible to talk to the spirits of the Dead it was common in 1930 s. Britain when millions of people were still grieving loved ones that lost in the 1st World War Edith pretty joined the Spiritualist Church in nearby Woodbridge visiting one of them suggestions. Treasure. Gold and silver or something in one of the bears on her hand and that's why they such strange good many hundreds of years earlier Suffolk had been an early landing place of Vikings and Saxons invading Britain from northern Europe and that left a lot of archaeological traces of their presence Mrs Percy contacted the local museum and eps which to see if they could help find out more about the mounds and arrange for Akio largest Brown to come in excavate he started in 1988 while like Rush right take a walk down the mileage and wait for geologic extra by it as he thought about that but the mountains Basil Brown excavated in the summer of 938 didn't reveal anything particularly spectacular some pottery shards an axe some ships rivets and some evidence that grave robbers had been that the for him but age of party was keen that he shouldn't give up and sent him to the Woodbridge spiritualists and the hype of some inspiration Sheila Norman's father was in charge of the church he actually came in on our Remember it's very very well even now as any is old because he sat at the back of the church and sort of almost tried to hide himself away the medium went to Mr Brain and gave him a message of personal facts and then said that I have something that I've got to say to you which I don't understand but I see signs and I see lots of signs and I'm asked to tell you that if you go on getting You'll find what you're looking for the following summer Basil Brown returned to the Sutton who site and started excavating on the biggest of the mounds and then he and Edith parties garden attracts a cabs found something on my Russian ocean not the watch I found of harsh Rivet I call it Rivet I want to read no. Overton. Replaced it because it wasn't a remote entourage 5 investigations that was a ball if they ship what they had found was the remains of a Saxon ship burial a ceremonial grave for a major figure in the community containing a but celled with treasure Castle Brown and his team won sure how to proceed but then an archaeologist who Charles Phillips from the University of Cambridge heard rumors about that find and came to investigate I worked towards the site of the lawn in front of Mrs Prichard's house and saw in front of me a group of Barrows and one of them with a very large not understand sir not prominent and there was a long trench which Basil Brown. And in this trench there were the very clear indications of a long ship and I realized that it was necessary to bring the most important archaeological interests in the country into relationship with this was soon as possible we went straight back to the house got the telephone and within the hour the British Museum and the Ministry of Works had been for Margaret was the 1st to find gold we were working away and no usual morning routine cleaning out the structure of the ship when quite certain is as bashing sand with one of these lovely gun it can go on in minutes was revealed and of course from that lemon tree the immensely excited everybody rushed and said this that is something which men this and a few minutes after we were gathered brand that child's But it was returned and I remember him saying my God. They had found a burial chamber which grave robbers had missed by just a few meters containing an incredible hoard of socks and treasure that was an all night helmet a huge gold buckle purses and belts and cups inlaid with donuts So what's in spears and jewelry and the remains of a stringed instrument 9 is a lie. Technically speaking the site presented some challenges as Charles Phillips remembered I'm quite sure that she would have a great deal of gold leaf because the amount of gold leaf blowing about the strike and we couldn't do it and it's false you caught a bit it broke slow as from did it is a big state in the area. And causing a cloud over that work in the summer of $939.00 was the growing threat of conflict in Europe the 2nd world war broke out at the beginning of September the day God was suspended and the contents sent into storage during the war the site was used to the military training with tank practice over the burial mounds and there was also the question of what should happen to the treasure after an inquest a clad that it belonged to Edith Percy having been found on her land the British Museum sped the prospect of having to purchase for the best beer a very great sum of money these treasures for the nation by an act of unparalleled generosity on the part of Mrs pretty who gave the entire treasure to the national collections and it may now be seen by anybody who cares to look at it in the British Museum subsequent digs in the 1960 s. On the 1980 s. Have revealed more about thoughts and including the other mounds on the site it's still not known he was buried in the great ship but the remarkable treasure hole they were buried with is still one of the greatest Saxon discoveries anywhere in the world. Lucy Byrnes and if you're in any doubt about the archaeological and artistic merit of the Sutton who find you can log on to the British Museum website British Museum dot org And take a look at the astonishing objects that were being created in what we sometimes refer to as the Dark Ages that's it for this week's edition of The History will be illuminating more events from the past with the help of those who were there next time until then this is my experience and thanks for listening good bye. You're listening to the b.b.c. World Service on k.s.u. Team 4 Corners Public Radio and Southern new tribal radio thanks for joining us this is k.s.u. .
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