They may be safe from war but they and their children are exploited and are vulnerable. Oi woodruff all that and more on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by its hard not to feel pride as a citizen of this country when were in a place like this. And with the ongoing support of these institutions this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff from the president today, the first salvo against his predecessors climate agenda. Instead, hes launched an Aggressive Campaign to help the coal, oil and gas industries. John yang begins our coverage. Yang with coal miners looking on at e. P. A. Headquarters, President Trump took action to undo most of president obamas Climate Change legacy. Nd perhaps no single regulationn threatens our Miners Energy workers and companies more than this crushing attack on american industry. Yang he signed an executive order targetting more than a halfdozen major regulations. The biggest target the Clean Power Plan to restrict Greenhouse Gas emissions at coalfired power plants thens centerpiece of obamas Global Warming policies. P the idea of setting standards and cutting Carbon Pollution is not new, its not radical. What is new is that starting today, washington is starting to catch up with the vision of the rest of the country. Yang its been on hold while coal states and the Energy Industry challenged it in court as an unconstitutional power grab. Todays order mandates a review of the Clean Power Plan. Lifts a moratorium on new coal leases on federal lands, starts a review of reducing methane emissions in oil and natural gas production, and launches an assessment of rules governing hydraulic fracturing also called frackikng by oil and gas drillers. During the campaign, mr. Trump slammed the Obama Administration for waging a war on coal and vowed to bring back mining jobs. Today im taking bold action to follow through on thatld promise. My administration is putting an end to the war on coal. Were gonna have clean coal. Really clean coal. Yang but coal mines have been losing jobs for many years because of other factors, including automation and competition from cheap naturalon gas. Environmentalists warned theli president s action raises questions about whether the United States can meet the obligations of the 2015 paris climate agreement. Cl in a statement today, the head of the sierra club said President Trumps sweeping order is the single biggest attack on Climate Action in u. S. History, period. The group vowed an allout fight. For the pbs newshour, im john yang. Ng woodruff well hear from voices pro and con on President Trumps action today, after theo news summary. In the days other news, the u. S. Commander in iraq now says theres a fair chance that a u. S. Air strike played a role in killing scores of civilians in mosul. It happened on march 17. But Lieutenant General Stephen Townsend also voiced doubt that the weapons used could haves collapsed an entire building. Meanwhile, an iraqi general claimed the air strike actually, hit a tanker truck loaded with explosives that isis fighters were driving toward iraqiht troops. translated it is a new tactic being used by the members of this terrorist group, using big car bombs against the troops that impact the civilians to inflame the public and to convev a wrong message to the world that the joint forces and theld International Coalition are behind the killing and bombings. Woodruff Amnesty International warned today that Coalition Forces are not taking taken adequate precautions in the battle for mosul. From russia today, a warning. Si the Defense Ministry in moscow says u. S. Naval patrols in thena black sea are a potential threat to russian security. The black sea is bounded by romania, bulgaria and turkey, as well as ukraine and russia. U. S. American warships took para in nato exercises there, last week. Thousands of people in northeastern australia spent a long day, waiting out the furyfu of Tropical Cyclone debbie. The storm pounded the Coastal Region for hours with heavy rain, towering seas and winds up to 160 miles an hour. It tore up trees, ripped up power lines and left nearly 50 thousand people in the dark. Back in this country, a sex abuse scandal involving the usa Gymnastics Organization took center stage at a senatent hearing. Hundreds of women have come forward to say they were sexually assaulted or exploited by coaches, trainers and a team doctor, larry nassar. One of his alleged victims, olympic medalist jamie dantzscher, tearfully shared her personal story. Many times the abuse took m place in my own room, in my own bed. Worse, he abused me in my hotel room in sydney at the olympicy games. When i first spoke out about my abuse at the hands of dr. Us nassar, i thought i was the only one. I was disbelieved and even criticized by some in the Gymnastics Community for bringing this disturbing issue to light. Om woodruff the former head of usa gymnastics, steve penny, resigned under pressure earlier this month. A group of senators is now pushing a bill that says groups overseeing olympic sports Must Immediately report sexual abuse allegations to police. A federal judge in detroit approved a plan today to replace water lines at 18,000 homes in flint, michigan. Its part of a settlement over leadcontamination. The deal calls for work to be done by 2020. It could cost nearly 90 million, with the federal and state governments splitting thed bill. And, on wall street today, o stocks moved higher on a survey that showed Consumer Confidence at its highest in more than 16 years. The Dow Jones Industrial average gained 150 points to close at 20,701. The nasdaq rose 34 points, and the s p 500 added nearly 17. Still to come on the newshour more on the president s decision to roll back environmental regulations. The House Intelligence Committee chair responds to calls for him to step aside from the russia investigation. Life on the u. S. Mexican border under the watchful eye of Border Patrol, and much more. Woodruff one of the major promises of the president s campaign was his pledge to roll back much of his predecessors plans for coping with Climate Change. Todays executive order laid out a path for doing so. We invited the administrator of the e. P. A. On tonight, but he declined our invitation. Lets hear from a leading lawmaker who supports these moves. I spoke earlier to republican senator john barosso of wyoming, the countrys number one coalth producing state, and the head of the energy and Natural Resources committee. Nd i talked to him a short time ago i began by asking how these moves will change the American Energy landscape. Well, i think it was a bold and Decisive Action by donald trump, i this is going to be Energy Independence for america, Energy Security for our countryu certainly for jobs. That to me is the key driver. When i think of energy im from an energy state, wyoming. I think of Energy Security for our country, Economic Growth and Environmental Stewardship and a thats how we have used over the 15 years that wyoming has been a state. Woodruff you mentioned jobs, as you know a number of skeptics are saying, well, many of those jobs just are not coming back. Its dueac to factors other that what the epa did, environmental rules have been, how many jobsjo do you think will come back duek to this . Think across the country and over the next number of years, im talking hundreds of thousands if not millions of jobs in the Energy Sector. Energy is called the mastery source for a reason. It powers our country, it pours the economy our military. Energy is a force multiplier, its an instrument of power andw we can get a lot more done, i believe, with a barrel of oil o than you can with a barrel of energy can be geopolitical weapon we need it all. We need the Renewable Energy we need the nonRenewable Energy. And cant kid ourselves to say that were going to be able to power this country and this economy with just very panels and windmills jude you mention Energy Independence, i hear skeptics say the u. S. Is already movings briskly in the directin of Energy Independence thatsth already happening . Ap we want to do more of that. You take a look how vladimirdi putin uses energy as a weapon, a geopolitical weapon, when we export energy, we export american influence overseas. Ic as i travel around the world i nona there are people that want to buy energy from america, ive had that discussion in japan, in taiwan, ive had that discussion with our nato friends. They want what we have in abundance and we are a World Energy Super Power and after today were going to be able to act more like that. Woodruff senator, also let me ask you about the argument being made, people in the Energy Industry realize that fiscally responsible to have clean energy, that that is what the American People want and that by doing what the presideni is doing today, hes turning the clock back and that the American People, its not something the American People really want. Well the American People want affordable energy. And clean energy is a big part of that. If you take a look at whats happened in the United States with emissions, our emissionss have been dropping over the last 15 years. A they are down significantly. We dont see that in china, dont see that in india but america has been leading the way in reduction of emission, new technology. We are, i believe, very good stewards of the land, of the environment, we do it in wyoming, weve done it for a long, long time were going to continue to do it in the future because thats who people on the ground want to make those decisions, want to live in clean places and thats the way we do it at home. Woodruff but what youre saying is, emissions are improving, they are being reduced, but wont some of these changes the president is making today by doing away with a number of restrictions and regulation, move the energy in the opposite direction, away from clean energy . I would say just the opposite. Its the technology and innovation that weve had here h at home that is resulted in these reductions and emissions. The president obamas clean climate plan thats something that has been stayed in the courts. Hes made promise, is that even the environmental folks who look at this from asciantive i cannt standpoint say the impacts of the paris accord would be over the next hundred years negligible. I think its important to focus on our economy, on jobs, on getting america back to work as in wyoming just yesterday, last week, i was in a minimart store somebody came in the guy inma front of me in line, how are things going, great, were hiring again. Those are good signs for our country that the economy is picking up, moving ahead. Energy is a very big part of that. But we need it all, we need the renewable, we need the nuclear, we need it all, coal, oil, gas, uranium, we need it all. And were going to use it all to power our economy as well as the country. Woodruff one final thing, t senator. The point was made that these changes the president wants tot make are not going to happen immediately, its going to take months even years to really largely or completely undo theun clean energy move by the Obama Administration. How long do you think it will take for this to take effect . E i think the impact in terms t of the optimism that result of what the president did today is going to be immediate. Because what we know is the regulations by the Obama Administration they have beenad very expensive, time consuming, burdensome, to know that that relief is coming those very expensive regulations have been lifted is going to be, i think, really a good thing, people are going to feel. That when you take a look ata whats happened with this decision today, this giant step forward and will basically just try to get back into balance. We all want a clean environment. We want to make energy as cleann as we can, as fast as we can in ways that dont raise cost for american families. Il president obamas approach has been to add to the expense, i i believe that President Trumpsmp approach has been to add to our Economic Freedom and opportunity. Woodruff senator john barosso of wyoming, we thank you very much. Thanks, judy, thanks for having me. Woodruff now, lets hear from the prior administrator of the e. P. A. , who essentially led much of president obamas efforts during his second term. Gina mccarthy is now a fellow at the institute of politics atut Harvards Kennedy school of government. Rn heres her reaction to President Trumps orders. My reaction is that its pretty disappointing a little bit embarrassing to sign that executive order. Theres a lot of time in between here and actually doing the legacy of president obama on this, i want people to understand that reality in terma of where were going its going to be a difficult slog for this administration to undo the great work we did the prior eight years. Woodruff President Trumpuf is saying this is all about bolstering the Energy Industry, bringing jobs back. J that he set up decimated by the unnecessary rules and regulations and restrictionse during the Obama Administration. Judy, weve heard that tired story for a really long time. And i know that since epa has been around weve reduced air pollution 70 while we tripled gdp, nobody in this country is really willing to go back to a time when the air was pollutedlu and the water was polluted. We dont have to for jobs, we certainly know that. Particularly when it comes to clean energy. The reality is the clean energyn is fiscally responsible today. Its being chosen by many states in utilities and already where the invest system heading,em thats where jobs are. We know that the Solar Industry is growing 12 times faster than the overall economy. So if you really want to do something for the Business Community and for jobs, why arent you invest in clean energy and doubling down on what we proposed. Woodruff well, how does that square square, though, gina, with what President Trump is saying, he is saying what ha happened with the socalled Clean Power Plant that you and president obama helped to institute, is it jobs that have been lost and hes one point he said today, no single regulation has threatened miners more than that one. Well, i think he has to look at the history of the coal Mining Industry and not try to produce a rate that gives them comfort. What they really need is support and transition thats already happening, with or without the Clean Power Plant we know that the industry has been strugglins for awhile. The simple fact is that its not competitive now. Thats why its nots significantful in the market. Thats why you see companies, Mining Company going out of business. Get real with those people and offer them support they need. But its not simply say that Climate Change isnt happening. Or that epa is taking awayw those jobs, i mean, lets look at the popularity of this proposal when it goes out. I know that 70 of the people in this country understand that the climate is changed and they are looking forward to us regulating utilities to make sure theyre not polluting. O and that is certainly a significant number. In fact its twice the popularity of this president. So, lets look at how people react to it. I think people know that itss all about the future, not about looking at the past where we have to go with jobs and none us want to leave any community behind. But youre not going to do it by sending signals that are simply a signature on a page. Theres a huge amount of work between what we did to build our Clean Energy Future and what its going to take to actually meet the promises of this executive order. Its lots of hard work, many years, its denying the science, its developing facts that dont exist. So im pretty confident that despite this signature, the obama legacy on clean energyer will be strong at the end this and any administering because thats where this is going. Thats where u. S. Strengths should be. En thats where we should be investing in innovating. I woodruff what about the many lawsuits, Gina Mccarthy, that have been filed by different states against the epa, against you, the president , when you and president obama were in office, the argument is made that that says that you just for all the good intentiont is that you didnt fully appreciate the impact that these restrictions would have on real people, real lives, real jobs. I think the thing we need to point to again is what is reality here. I know that many of the states thats epa is saying that these levels are unrealistic to achieve are already achieving the reductions that we were w going to require in 2022 and they are achieving them today. Because we did a very good job of outreach in understanding and educating ourselves about the Energy Transition that was t already happening. We knew that renewables were getting competitive in many states. We knew that Energy Efficiency was available and opportunities to reduce energy demand. We also knew that inexpensive natural gas was continuing to compete against coal and compete successfully. So, we never expected this to be the complete answer, judy. We never pushed it beyond where we thought the energy world was heading. And right now, as i said, you are seeing states achieving levels of 202, how bad could our rule have been. E how unreasonable could anyone think that is. When we are already there and so many states. The simple fact is that many states sued us again as symbolic gesture, what you need to look at is where is the utility spend knowledge the money. What is fiscally responsible now. Whats available to them. What are they already doing. And if you look at it in reality youll see that theyre invest in a low carbon future already and what we really need to do is continue to provide opportunities for lower Cost Clean Energy moving forward. We will meet our obligation to our future to address the challenge of Climate Change in a way that will keep our Energy Sector strong and reliable. Woodruff Gina Mccarthy who is the former administratora of the Environmental Protection agency. Thank you very much. Thanks, judy. Woodruff we return now to capitol hill where last weekshe collapse of the effort to repeal obamacare and ongoing drama over the investigation into russiandr connections with the Trump Campaign have dealt a blow to the majority party. Lisa desjardins reports. Desjardins in congress, another tumultuous day, with more questions for republicansca than answers. In particular, for house intelligence chairman devinse nunes. His democratic counterpart on the committee has now publicly called for him to recuse himself from the investigation into russia and possible ties to the Trump Campaign. Nunes sidestepped the question today, implying he will stay. In are you considering stepping down from the investigation . Look guys, go ask i mean i have no idea what theyre even talking about. Go talk to the other side. Desjardins so does that say youre not considering anydo change. On not stepping down . Whats the purpose of it . I mean, i dont understand your question. Desjardins this after nunes told the white house, before telling others in congress, that u. S. Intelligence agenciesnt inadvertently spied on people close to the president. Then today in the Washington Post, allegations that the white house tried to block former acting attorney general sally yates from talking to Nunes Committee about russia. The post pointed to a Justice Department letter late last week telling yates her testimony might be privileged and the white house should decide if she could testify. The white house insisted it never blocked her. We have no problem with her testifying. Plain and simple. The report in the Washington Post is 100 false. Desjardins but yates has not testified yet because nunes cancelled the hearing saying he needs more information. Asked today if nunes should stay House Speaker paul ryan, was asked today if nunes should stay and if he knew nunes intelligence source. Da no and no. Desjardins others were less sure. Su Senate Republican lindsay graham. If he is not willing to tell the democrats and republicans on the committee who he met with and what he was told, then i think he lost his ability to lead. E desjardins this was also republicans first day back since the dramatic failure to pass their healthcare bill andea their decision to move on to other issues. That was friday. Today a reverse, House Republicans said Health Care Reform is not dead. The message is we are going to revisit healthcare. Adto when . I got the impression it was fairly immediate. Desjardins that, from those in the conservative Freedom Caucus who blocked the bill. Iv well its too early to tell. But i mean obviously everybody wants to find a way to get this passed and were going to work real hard to do that. Desjardins and from other conservatives, outside thend group. The American People want it done. The game didnt end on friday. Took half time. Desjardins an abundance of intention, with an absence of specifics. Speaker ryan said obamacare cannot stay as it is, but as for exactly how republicans do that. Im not going to put a timeline on it because this is too important to not get right and put an artificial timeline on it. To desjardins ryan acknowledged timing does matter in one way that insurers will have to make decisions soon. Woodruff and lisa joins us now. Lisa, lets bore in a little on this change of heart about whether theyre going to go baco to health care or not. N the president and others werere saying friday, no. Now it sound like as you reported they are saying we are going to move ahead, is everybody on board, all the republicans on board with this. Reporter extraordinary Conference Meeting today, judy, all sounding very unified. But the issue is, there arentre spes i have you can, theres not a plan and a side issue here some republicans insist that this future health care motion,o whatever it becomes, should be republican only. Others, hot rad, wants to workan with democrats, want to have a compromised bill. Se we heard President Trump and saw him tweet about reaching out to democrats over the weekend, thee have not figured out what theyy want to d. I think, judy, i cant stress enough where allug the emotions for for republicans here on the hill today. That is a group that used to be the vote counting group. Ro they used to operate intangiblet now theyre talking about intangibles like hope ands promise and they dont have aav plan. Woodruff quickly, what does the calendar look like, they can realistically do . Reporter they got to gette right to the tax reform. They want to get that done before the august recess. That could be very complicated, even more complicated now given the dynamics after the healthhe care lack of a vote. And judy, in just one month, weve got a major deadline thats for government funding. En april 28th and talking to republicans today they admit they need democrats help on that. Woodruff all right. Lisa desjardins at the capitol. Woodruff stay with us, coming up on the newshour the Supreme Court weighs in on how schools educate students with disabilities. And turkey becoming more hostile to Syrian Refugees. S. But first, President Trump today faced questions from both parties over who will pay for his promised wall on the u. S. Mexico border. Hes also already pledged to hire thousands of new immigration agents, whose jurisdiction extends deep into the u. S. Itself. For americans on the southern border, interactions with Border Patrol vary. Some see an occasional inconvenience; others a daily torment. Oc William Brangham has the story right now, it looks more like a war zone. Brangham carlotta wrays commute has changed a lot over the past few years. She lives in arivaca, a sleepyli nostoplight town 25 miles from the arizonamexico border. Drive in any direction from here, youll pass surveillanceyo towers and Border Agents on patrol. Checkpoints run by customs and border protection, c. B. P. , stop traffic in either direction outc of town. When the checkpoint was only temporary, i thought it was not a big deal until it got serious. They never left. Brangham welcome to life along the u. Smexico border, where security has been ramped up significantly since 9 11. In response to Drug Trafficking and illegal immigration, as well as fears of terror, the federal government has hired more agents and installed more checkpoints. But Border Patrols infrastructure extends well into the u. S. Itself. And it often sweeps up american citizens, regardless of whether theyve crossed any international boundary. Research has shown that four out of five drug arrests by border f patrol actually involve u. S. Nationals. And its not just drug arrests. Residents like carlotta wray,al whos an american citizen born in mexico, say they are frequently stopped and harassed, especially because of their skin color. You can see it. Asse you can feel it. There is racial profiling, no doubt. Ub brangham c. B. P. Doesnt release information about the number of checkpoint stops it makes. Io but wrays troubles go beyond the profiling, to what she says is the broader militarization of her whole community. Y. I have seen Border Patrol agents in my backyard running after something with their pistols in their hands or guns and thats not what i want myan property for. I want it for my grandkids to be safe there. All these years that i live in this town, i have never been afraid of anyone that walks through the desert and stopped at my place because he needs help or he just needs water and food. But ive been afraid of the Border Patrol. Brangham americas Border Patrol agency was created in 1924, to be responsible for securing u. S. Borders between points of entry. But its jurisdiction actually extends far into the country itself up to 100 miles from the border. Within that zone, its agents can stop, detain and search any person if an agent suspects a crime is being committed. About twothirds of americans live under Border Patrols authority. But in practice, its the peopl, along the border who are impacted most directly. Every major route of egress into the United States along the border is going to have one of those checkpoints. Brangham Border Patrol spokesman vicente paco grew up in a border town himself. He took us on a tour of the border near nogales, arizona. Ri what would you say to people in these neighboring communities who appreciate what your missio is and the job youre tasked with but they still say that the impact on their community is too much . I would like to say that im a Community Member myself. I grew up in a border town and i saw how illegal activity affects people that i went to highac school with. People that i grew up with ended up in jail because they were recruited by transnational illicit organizations to bring illicit cargo across the border. The border check stations cah be bothersome if you have to drive through them every day. They stop you, they hold you up for a little bit, but i think, overall, theyre a necessaryt evil. Brangham Scott Raftery is a rancher and horse trainer near arivaca. He says hes recovered a half dozen dead bodies from the land he works. He once came home to an armed standoff between Border Agents and Border Crossers on his own property. Theres people out there crossing our borders undetected, unstopped, and somewhere we have to hold the line on them. If its not at the border, its somewhere close to border. Because once they get north of here, theyre gone. B brangham 300 miles away in yuma arizona, sheriff leon wilmot also supports stronger security. The former marine has spent 32 years in the sheriffs department, and today works closely with federal agencies like customs and border protection, immigration, drug enforcement, even the f. B. I. , all to fight crime in his city he says the hassle of checkpoints and an increased Police Presence is a small price to pay, to protect his residents safety. If you live on the border, you have to understand that youre going to have to deal with one issue or the other. Which one makes more sense . Public safety, to me, is the governments priority. To me, thats a nobrainer, or if its going to prevent somebody from being the victim of a homicide. If we can do something to deter folks from dying and keep those Illegal Drugs out of our country, to me that makes sensea brangham and for those caught in the dragnet. If youre abiding by the law, then you have nothing to worry about. If you got a ticket, thats because you broke the law. Brangham but its not so easy for Esteban Duarte. He lives in yuma with his kids and hes a substance abuseh counselor. He says every time he goes through a checkpoint, he ends up in whats called secondary where youre subject to beingnd held and searched. They do ask me for documents, they keep me sitting in a roomr for a while. And they just, sometimes theyre really rude, very rude. They tell you to open your car, run you like a little dog i either you sit, or im going to smack you. brangham richard edgar, a defense attorney in yuma, sees it frequently. You talk to a federal agent 100 of the time when you wantf to leave yuma county. Youre going to be talking to him, answering questions about your citizenship. Youre going to be answering questions about where yourens going. They have the authority at any point in time to put you into secondary, and in secondary i thats where they really get into it. Se brangham edgar says 80 of his cases are drugrelated offenses from the nearby highwas checkpoints. A 2013 report by the center for investigative reporting found that Border Patrol around yuma had some of the highest rates of arrests, not for Human Trafficking or immigrationmm violations, but for possession of smallamounts of marijuana. If you drive by those checkpoints as many times as somebody down here does, youreo going to see cars on the side in secondary being ripped apart. Now, if they find drugs in 10 of those is it worth it . Brangham Esteban Duarte isnt sure. He says he wants his community, and his kids, to be safe from crime. But he worries that the hand of Border Patrol comes down toot hard. From a fathers perspective, i dont want anything going on the streets thats going to harm my family. But on the other point of view, i could look at it as, why they label me for it . Brangham americans on the border will likely experience even more scrutiny as the Trump Administration orders anad additional 5,000 Border Patrol agents. For the pbs newshour im William Brangham in yuma, arizona. Woodruff we have more from our trip to the border online. We visit a soup kitchen for recently deported migrants in mexico near nogales, arizona, where we talked to a husband and father who has tried to crossri the border into the u. S. Several times. Woodruff now, a Supreme Court ruling that could have a Significant Impact on special education in schools around the u. S. John yang is back with that story, for our weekly educaton segment, making the grade. Yang amid all of the big news last week, this stunning ruling might have been overlooked. The Court Unanimously ruled tha schools must give students with disabilities the chance to make meaningful and appropriately ambitious progress. That could set the bar higher for more than six million students. Lisa stark of our partner Education Week has been covering this and joins me now. Thanks for being here. What was this case about . Well, the heart of this case is really what educational benefit do schools need to provide to these students. A case out of colorado involved a boy named drew, he had autism. Hes now 17. His parents pulled him out of the fourth grade in the Douglas County public schools, thats right outside denver, becauseca there were concerned his behavior was deteriorating, they also felt that he was not really getting anyl educational benefi as required by law. They put him in a private schooh for autistic kids then they sued the district. They said, look, if youre in the providing the appropriate education, you need to pay for this private school. While the lower courts all ruled against the family and in fact f the 10th circuit ruled, Appeals Court ruled that thee School District only had to provide something that was merely more than des moines mu muss. A very trivia benefit to the child. The Supreme Court as you indicated totally rejected that it was a unanimous decision. The court ruled 80 in fact Education Programs must be appropriate ambitious, in light of each childs circumstance and must be challenged, the kids have have objectives j what does that mean for thedo classroom . Depend on the student f. Youre a student who is in a regular classroom maybe like adhd you have minor learning disability, with every other student. It means that you need the supports to be able to pass that classroom, that class, move on the with your fellow students. Ow if you are more challenged student like drew who has autism, and might be in a special ed class, then that program is kay alreadied to wha you can accomplish. But again is as you say must be meaningful challenges. Reporter what are Disability Advocates saying about this ruling . They are applauding this. Ud see it as a big win for these kids, these nearly seven million kids. They do think its a game changer that it raises the bar. Attorneys of the family, jack robinson, told me that for the first time theres a National Standard that determines really what is the educational benefit these kids need. Es and drews mom, jennifer, she told me that she hopes School Districts will work more closely now with parents, will be moreor willing to do something that is right for their children. Also we should say that these advocates think this is just going to empower parents. Gives them more leverage to demand more. Reporter how are the districts reacting . St they say this isnt a game changer. They believe that most districts are already providing a very good education for these students with disabilities. They say that they meet this higher standard. I did talk to sue, she is withsh the School Superintendents association, she did tell me that this may hold districtsis feet to the fire a little bit more, that theyre going to have to justify these plans they set out for all of these students, what is called an iep. She said that may give parents a little wherewithal to come in say, whats this program an how is it working. Reporter for parents of children like drew, with this ruling, what do they need to know . Well, as i mentioned everyy District Needs to set up what is called an iep, an individualized Education Program for each of these students. And parents have to sign off on this. In fact thats happening right r now, this is sort of fortuitous timing, if you will, these are set up in the spring for the next school year. Parents have always been told, pay careful attention, see what the district is going to, ask a lot of questions, find out what resources youre getting nowet they can also walk in with thehe Supreme Court decision say, hey, here are the standards that you need to meet for my child. Reporter lisa stark ofst Education Week, great to see yo again. Thank you. Woodruff it was on a visit to the huge refugee camp at zaatari in jordan today, thatug u. N. Secretary general antoniore guterres called for more International Support for Syrian Refugees and the countries hosting them. To the north of syria, turkey, now hosts 3. 5 million Syrian Refugees. President erdogan says 70,000 people with special talents will be granted citizenship. But a Turkish Charity is urging the government to grant citizenship to all refugees toto stop exploitation and to prevent violence erupting between turks and syrians. Special correspondent Malcolm Brabant reports from western turkey reporter the hajeeras from North Eastern syria are creating a new shelter after being evicted from their tent by paramilitary police. They live with the constant worry of being moved on again. Aid workers say raids on unofficial refugee camps are part of the strategy to stop migrants reaching europe. In an attempt to avoid discovery, these people are staying out of sight in semin derelict farm buildings this rough farmland was home to about 300 refugees for the winter. But the syrians were cleared out and told to find accommodation in hotels, houses or apartments. The farmer objected to us filming, called the police, and followed us for several miles as we looked for people willing to talk. Mariam is my name. Mariam. Im 30 years old. Mariam ibrahim. Our life is awful. We have no source of income. I nothing. Only god is by our side. We have no money. We are on our knees. Were struggling to survive. We just work to live. Reporter the landowner is charging mariam 100 a month to pitch her tent. She is alone with her five children and has little choice. translated they say living in houses is better for you than living in tents. So how we feel . I mean we are crammed on top of one another. I dont have the means or help or money to live in a house. Reporter despite barely earning enough to support hert family, mariam is trying to send money to syria for her sick husband, left behind in an area where Kurdish Forces are fighting islamic state. Theres irregular work in the fields around the town of torbali. Here theyre harvesting leeks. H the syrians say adults might get 10 for a 12 to 14 hour day. Thats about half the statutory turkish minimum wage. Rk the children earn far less. translated in syria, they are all dead or living with death. Tr translated we are better off in turkey compared to syriae theres no fighting. Ri we are comfortable here. Le translated i came to turkey to work in the orangeam orchards or flower fields. The daily pay is low, like 75 cents. translated now we are working and coming back from rock bottom. N but i think of being in school and learning everything. Reporter refugee support groups say stories like this ars replicated all along turkeys aegean coast, the gateway to the greek islands and europe. Ey the three million syrians sheltering in turkey are caught in a precarious twilight world where they have no real access to state services and are treated like second class citizens. They may be safe from war but they and their children are exploited and are vulnerable. Its Little Wonder so many wish to cross this sea to europe for a better life. In september 2015, izmir was smuggling central. This mosque was full of peoplesm angling to buy a passage to europe. But after the e. U. Signed a 3 billion deal with turkey to stem the migrant flow, the crowds have vanished from the courtyard, and also from this cafe which was a rendezvous for traffickers and their clients. The syrians are doing whats necessary to survive on theth wrong side of the tracks. Many of their children work inen leather or textile sweatshops. These young syrians were on a lunch break from a Textile Factory and would only confirm theyve been working for years, despite being under age. Under new turkish laws, syrian children with identity papers are allowed to attend stateh schools. But aid agencies estimate that only 5,000 out of 22,000 eligible children in the izmir area have taken up that right. The rest are believed to be working. Mohammed sali ali founded a charity to help Syrian Refugees. translated when the parents fled syrian they had some money in their pockets. After a few months, they ran out of money they dont have any income, they dont have anyha work, or trade. , so they had to choose between begging and sending the kids to work. C reporter turkey is hosting more refugees than any other country. Aid agencies warn of growing racial tension, and in the back streets of izmir theres clearre resentment from turks about the impact refugees have on the labor market, at a time when theres 12 unemployment nationally, a sevenyear high. translated the turks should first think about their own people, retired people are t starving. I cant even find work with the minimum wage. We as turkish citizens can hardly make a living. Ha do you understand . We are worse off than the syrians. translated at the moment because of the syriansnt employment went down a lot. En they work on the cheap, and because they work for low wages, the situation for turkish workers is bad now. Is translated they are our guests here. T why should we complain . One day when things are okayhi again in their own land they will go back. Reporter but zahir bhatah is planning to stay, along with his four year old autistic son, anver. He didnt dare take a rubber dingy to greece. T to the sea is very dangerous. My son is very small. And he cannot swim. I have many friends who drowned in the sea so i was too scared to travel to europe so i decided to stay in izmir. Reporter bhatah used to be a heart surgeon in damascus. In izmir he worked as a baker for a while. Hes applying for turkish citizenship under president erdogans initiative. I think its better for me te find a chance to work as a doctor in turkey. Reporter other refugees are taking turkish lessons to improve their chances of assimilation and employment. Last year at ramadan the turkish president promised citizenshipiz for all refugees from syria and iraq but had to retreat because of widespread opposition. Now an aid group called bridging people says turks should remember what happened to hundreds of thousands of theirs countrymen when they migrated to germany for work after the second world war. Burcu senturk, a spokeswoman for bridging people argues that turkey should copy the germans and grant the syrians t citizenship. When they come here, they ar not refugees they are peoplee with their families and hopes. And i think in due time they will be settling down in turkey with their unique stories and unique qualifications and that why i think we need to embrace all of them. Reporter burcu claims that turks will benefit from such a proposal. I think this will protecttes many syrians and other nations refugees in turkey if they become citizens and since therk turkish workers and the otherrk nationalities workers will be working under the samerk conditions it will also decrease the potential for racism and violence between the people. Ll reporter while the president may be sympathetic, campaigners say they need to convince lawmakers from the ruling party that the alternative to citizenship is potential strife in the future from stateless, disenfranchised people. Especially the young, like the eight year old who says he was clawed by a turkish teacher. Children selling tissues. The under age fruit picker banned from playing soccer on a farmers land. They face an uncertain future. But the heart surgeon is optimistic that his hosts will judge that his skills are worth harnessing and make him a turk. For the pbs newshour, im Malcolm Brabant in izmir. M woodruff now, a most unusual take on ghost stories, Abraham Lincoln, and the dead. Li Jeffrey Brown has this latest addition to the newshourn bookshelf. El brown february 20th, 1862. 12year old Willie Lincoln has just died of typhoid and been l interred at oak Hills Cemetery in washington, d. C. His grieving father, the president , visits at night. At so far, all true. But in the new novel lincoln iv the bardo, its the cemeterys ghostly inhabitants that tell us of the visit and itsel consequences. This is the first novel by george saunders, widely acclaimed as a short story writer including his most receng collection 10th of december and welcome to you, nice to see you again. O nice to be here, nice to be here. Brown so this is a ghost story. Very human ghosts, right . Hi they dont even think theyre stuck, they dont even know theyre stuck. They dont even know theyre dead. They dont even know yet. Yeah, theyre stuck and theyre stuck kind of in the condition they were in at the moment of death. In so if they were worried about something or feeling shortg changed or in love or in hate they suddenly are in this other place and desperately trying to stay there which they do by repeating their grievances. Er brown which makes them veryb very human. Very alive. Theyre just neurotic and freefloating, yeah. Brown we should say the bardo is a tibetan term for a transition, tell me. Thats right, were in one now. Te w were in the transition between birth and death, but the onen that people often know about is the transition between the moment of death and whatever comes next. T so reincarnation or heaven or hell. Brown so this particular bardo is a cemetery, as i said a real one, not too far from hereo in washington, d. C. , right . And you tell the story through voices, a chorus of voices. Why that approach . The first thing i wanted to not do was tell it in a way that made death in this experience seem banal or manageable. So my approach to fiction is to kind of just to go in there moment by moment and try to always make some sparks. And in this case it meant kind of telling it from a stranget angle that might even give the reader a little struggle in the first 10 to 15 pages, but i thought, you know, whatever happens after this life, it would be really strange if it was what we expected. So i wanted to kind of simulate that in the book, so the readert is a little destabilized, the ghosts are a little destabilized, and i found you could kind of do that through the form of the thing. , brown just to make it clear to our audience theres no one narrator its all of these voices which you are assembling including snippets from and quotations from real historians and some made up historians. When i first heard the storyw about lincoln, it was so beautiful to me and sorrowful and gorgeous that my mantra was kind of just make the ending,di make the book so weird and beautiful that it would do some justice to that emotional core. So along the way that was a great mantra to kind of say, does this decision lead to the direction of emotional power or not . And, so the strange thing was, following those bread crumbs i looked up about a third of thet way in and it had this crazy form. Very fun and gratifying. Brown and it makes me wonder, did you feel you had to sort of play with the form of a novel . Itnd i never. I wanted to write a novel. This particular material, was so insistent and i really kept a close eye on it, like dont be a novel unless you have to and ati some point it really convinced me that it deserved the length. You know. Un brangham you just couldnt write a straightforward narrative . I couldnt write a straightforward narrative and i couldnt write a brief narrative. Naef but again i would have, ive been happy to do all of that but its kind of strange my artistis approach is that youre supposed to be a little baffled as youre writing. Brown you, the writer . Yes. The holiest state is to be a little confused about what youre doing and youre guiding by the energy that the story is actually giving you as you revise. Th thats kind of tricky because it means you have to abandon your ideas about organization or thematics and really submit to the story just as if it was a friend kind of trying to convince you of something. So if you do that, sometimes it takes you it asou to do really crazy things. And for me thats the thrill of it is to say okay, ill tryri it. And then hope that it will result in some kind of new modei of beauty. Brown and at some point youre no longer confused by what youre doing . Om im still confused because hopefully the book is doing things that you didnt consciously plan. E brown so, at the core of this is this figure, Abraham Lincoln. , probably the most written of personage in american history, right . You come at him through angles, the voices of the ghosts observing him, his son, the historians. Was that because you couldnt get a grasp of him . Or you didnt want to . It scared me to try. And also i was a little bit afraid of coming with all that conventional wisdom about him. And at one point i thought, you know, actually i dont want to write a book about lincoln. I dont claim to know him, but i needed him because the father whos so grief stricken he goes to see his dead sons body. S brown this is Abraham Lincoln at a moment of tremendous personal grief but also surrounded by the civil wao and the grief of so many who will die. Right, right. It was actually a wonderful chance to hang out with him ford four years. You see a president who really made a virtue of things like t sorrow, being defeated, because he had setback after setback, he has this great loss. And somehow he was able to transform all that sorrow into a kind of expanding empathy for everybody, you know and it was k kind of inspiring to see somebody whose response to fear or hardship was expansiveness instead of shrinkage. Brown the new novel is lincoln in the bardo. Th george saunders, thank you very much. Y thank you so much. Those responsible for war crimes to justice. Dead reckoning follows war w crimes are investigators and prosecutors pursue some of the most notorious war criminalsmi from world war ii through the modern war on terrorism. O and that and thats the newshour for tonight. At on wednesday, we begin our series war on the brain three nights of reporting from Soledad Obrien on the efforts to treat, diagnose and possibly find a cure to post traumat stress disorder. War on the brain online and on air over the next three days. Im judy woodruff. Join us online and again here tomorrow evening. For all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. He on. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by our tradition has been to take care of mother earth,to because its that that gives us water, gives us life. The land is here for everyone. The ford foundation. Working with visionaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide. D th Carnegie Corporation of new york. Supporting innovations in education, democraticn engagement, and the advancement of International Peace and security. At carnegie. Org. Er and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. This program was made possible by the corporation foro public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc newshour productions, llc captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org rose welcome to the prom, tonight robert costa saying President Trump called friday afternoon saying he was withdrawing the obama replacement. He dn come out of the regular ang Movement Like so many others that think of themselves in viseral returns as tax cutters as people who want small government. Use that Grover Norquist phrase, put government in a bathtub and let it drown. A real hatred of the government. Trump doesnt have that but he embraced the ideology of ryan because ryan and mcconel and the senate, majority leader seem to understand how government works. And trump is such a rookie at this in many ways. He is on the scene. Hes gone along with them. The question i have as a reporter, im sure many people do out in the country is what now. Rose also this evening Robert Draper has a fascinating