Woodruff friday night lights shine on disturbing allegations of Sexual Assault in a new jersey town that cherishes High School Football. Those are some of the stories were covering on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by c c moving our economy for 160 years. Bnsf, the engine that connects us. And the william and flora hewlett foundation, helping people build immeasurably better lives. And with the ongoing support of these institutions and. c this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. c ivmentd the first known case of ebola transmitted inside the United States is r has triggered review of National Hospital procedures. That word follow confirmation a texas nurse was infectedly a patient. We have to rethink the way we address ebola Infection Control because even a single infection is unacceptable. c woodruff developments in dallas this weekend lent new urgency to that message today from dr. Tom frieden, at the centers for Disease Control and prevention. A 26yearold nurse, nina pham, now has ebola. c shes being kept in isolation at the same hospital where she helped care for thomas eric duncan, the liberian man who died in dallas last wednesday. At a briefing in atlanta, frieden said its critical to improve the safety of those on the frontlines. I feel awful that a Health Care Worker became infected in the care of an ebola patient. She was there trying to help the first patient survive and now she has become infected. All of us have to Work Together to do whatever is possible to reduce the risk that any other Health Care Worker becomes infected. Woodruff to that end, texas officials are searching forc clues as to how the nurse was infected, despite wearing protective gear. Hazmat crews have decontaminated and cleaned her apartment. And Dallas Police are guarding the complex and notifyingc neighbors within a fourblock radius. Frieden says, the nurse was in contact with only one other person after she became contagious, and, he says, officials are trying to determine if the liberian victim infected other Health Workers. In addition, the c. D. C. Is doubling down on training nationwide. Well work with hospitals throughout the country to think ebola in someone with a fever or other symptoms who has traveled to any of the three affected days. Woodruff on sunday, the c. D. C. Head had tied the nurses case to an unspecified violation of protocol. That drew fire from a major nurses union. c when the nurses become infected, they are blamed for not following the protocols. That is not going to work. Woodruff today, frieden said he did not mean to give the impression that hes blaming medical staff. And on abc this morning, dr. Anthony fauci, the director of the National Institute of allergy and infectious diseases, talked of sending ebola patients to highly specialized hospitals. That is something that should be seriously considered and, personally, i think that is not a bad idea at all because in addition to having all the proper equipment, you really do need training and as is oftenc the case in medicine, when someone or some group does things more than once, two, three, four, five times, they get very good at it. Woodruff in a statement on sunday, president obama ordered federal agencies to ensure that hospitals and staff are ready tc deal with ebola. Today, he was briefed on the situation by top health and Homeland Security officials. All of this, as the head of the World Health Organization, Margaret Chan, warned the epidemic is endangering National Governments in west africa and potentially, world stability. Liberia has been hit hardest, but it managed to avoid a hospital strike today. Most nurses and other Health Workers defied a call from their union to walk off the job for higher hazard pay and more protective gear. c well take c1 mer look at the challenge that ebola poses to hospital workers, after the news summary. The peril facing iraq grew even graver today as Islamic State fighters captured a key military Training Camp in Anbar Province in the west. And, bombings in baghdad killed at least 25 people. The militants now control strategically important towns and corridors in both syria and iraq. And, theyve advanced to areas ringing baghdad itself. British foreign secretary Philip Hammond visited today, and warned it will take more than air strikes to stop them. But the coalition can only deliver effective support to the Iraqi Government and the Iraqi Security forces. To beat isil it is the iraqi people, the Iraqi Security forces, and Iraqi Government that will have to take the lead on the ground. Woodruff the british have joined in the u. S. Led air campaign in iraq, but not inc neighboring syria. And in syria today, fierce fighting raged again in kobani, near the turkish border. Kurdish defenders are battling to hold on there, ua Islamic State attackers have taken about half the town. Turkey has held back from coming to kobanis aid. Today, the government disputed u. S. Claims that Coalition Forces will use a major turkish air base. translated there is nothing new on incirlik airbase. We are discussing providing some facilities for the train and supply project, but we have not reached any decisions yet. The talks with u. S. Officials on the measures that will be taken against the Islamic State in syria, including establishing a no fly zone and buffer zone, will continue in the coming days. c woodruff so far Coalition Planes flying off u. S. Aircraft carriers and from several arab nations. In afghanistan, local officialsc say taliban fighters ambushed an Afghan Security convoy in the north on sunday. Killing at least 14 soldiers and police. To the east, hundreds of villagers protested over a nato air strike in paktia province. They said, seven civilians were killed, nato said, they were militants. Woodruff reports kim jongun has been seen in public for the First Time Since september 3. The report says the nations leader visit add newlybuilt housing district and a laboratory. Kims absence from public view has fueled speculation about his health and his hold on power. The prodemocracy protests in hong kong ran into new trouble today. c a mob of masked men attacked barricades that have blocked central roads in the financial district since september 28th. Then several hundred people tried to storm the area, demanding that the streets be reopened. c translated we want the government to clear the protesters from the streets, because they have disturbed us. Life for ordinary people is hard, and we cannot live if we dont work. Their protests have harmed hong kongs economy and social order, so why dont we ask government to clear them out woodruff protest leaders blamed criminal gangs, known as triads, for todays unrest, but they said students at the scene refused to be baited into a fight. translated today, i was very touched. When the triads came, the so called probeijing groups came, and a conflict was about to happen, our youngsters at the very front raised up their hands to tell them we are fighting foc our ideals in peace. We salute them. Woodruff the protesters have vowed to occupy the citys financial district until Mainland China allows unfettered elections i. rays leader. More than 30 people were arrested today in ferguson, missouri, protesting the killings of Michael Brown and other black teenagers. Several hundred people marched to Police Headquarters in the st. Louis suburb. It was part of a long weekend of rallies. Thousands of people in india and japan now face extensive cleanups from major storms. In eastern india, a cyclone struck from the bay of bengal on sunday. It killed at least 24 people and demolished some 90,000 homes. In japan, a typhoon knocked out power and shut down trains and flights on kyushu island today. From there, the storm headed toward tokyo. c and in the caribbean, the late season Tropical Storm gonzalo is on a track toward the Virgin Islands and puerto rico. This years winner of the nobel prize for economics is jean tirole of france. c he was honored today for work that shaped the regulation of Major Industries in the 1980s and 90s. More recently, hes called for stronger oversight of banks. This is the first year since 1999 that americans did not win or share the economics prize. The wall street selloff kept going today amid concerns about economies in europe and asia. The Dow Jones Industrial average lost another 223 points to close at 16,321; the nasdaq fell 62 points to close at 4,213; and the s p 500 dropped 31, to 1,874. Woodruff still to come on the newshour. c what more should u. S. Hospitals and Health Workers do to prepare for ebola. The vatican signals a more tolerant stance on homosexuality. An authors take on how much ofc the war on terror turned into a hunt for cash. A beloved new Jersey High School Football Team faces serious charges of Sexual Assault. Economic doldrums haunt the michigans governors bid for another term. And why control of the senate might not be decided on Election Night. Woodruff its a question that drove this day just how well prepared are hospitals, doctors, nurses and others to handle ebola cases . We ask that of two people watching this closely. Katy roemer is a registeredc nurse who works at Kaiser Permanente Medical Center in oakland california. Shes with National Nurses united, the Largest Union of registered nurses in the u. S. Doctor howard markel, author of several book on epidemics andc quarrantines, including when germs travel. Hes a professor on the history of medicine at the university of michigan. We well come both of you to the program. Katy roemer, to you first, how prepared from your perspective are hospitals and Health Workers to deal with the ebola crisis . Were not prepared enough. We have done a survey that has surveyed nurses throughoutc the United States, more than 2,000 nurses have responded to that survey in 46 states and the district of columbia, and what the nurses are saying is that wc are not prepared. 85 of those nurses say that they have not had facetoface training where they could have their questions answered. 76 of our nurses are saying they have not been able to see any sort of a protocol for dealing with ebola. Nurses are putting their lives on the line in order to care for these patients and we expect the very highest levels of equipment and training to be able to do so and that includes the optimum equipment and hazmat suits. Woodruff professor mar mark, are the nurses concerns warranted . I think, certainly, based on whatc happened in dallas that there is concern. Wearing protective gear and protecting yourself against ebola is no easy matter. Its one thing saying you can do it, but actuallyc doing it is quite difficult. Lets put it this way, if you are in a regular garden variety operating room theres a charge nurse watching each and every individual there to make sure they dont break sterile techniques, a technique thats used over 100 years. But they watch to make sure somebody doesnt scratch their face or push up their glasses because that would break that. Multiply that times a thousand and put many more layers of productive gear, it is not so easy to manage a patient this way. Woodruff so, katy roemer, to you, its clear ebola is not jpUnited States as it is in west africa right now. Given that, what do nurses need at this moment, given the fact thing in the United States, in one hospital in texas . So what were asking for is optimal personal Protection Equipment which includes hazmat suits, and we are asking for the training so that we can put them on and take them off in a manner thats safe because those are the two really highrisk points in terms of providing using the equipment, when you put them on and when you take them off. We want a buddy system to be put in place so we have the observer watching what were doing and that we are putting them on and taking them off correctly and we want the facetoface training so that wec can, you know, have all of our questions answered. This is a real Patient Safety issue for us. We want the ability to keep our patients safe and the ability to keepc ourselves and our communy safe. Woodruff dr. Markel, how easy is it to do what katy roemer is saying they want done . Well, in the heat of the moment, its very difficult because were not only fighting this epidemic, we have to bring everybody in the Healthcare System up to speed, and it brings to mind that the United States does have four specialized Containment Centers in the n. I. H. , in emory, in nebraska and in montana, and onc might question shouldnt those patients with ebola be sent to very highly specialized places where the nurses, dots and other healthcare workers are specifically trained . You have to be trainedc not jut once or a couple of times a year. These are things you have to do on a regular basis to sort of get a muscle memory of how to do all these things so that you dont contaminate others or yourself. Woodruff but is that practical, professor markele, to transfer patients after they have been identified to another hospital that has a higher level of protective experience and training . Well, its a good question. I think we need to make it practical, if the hospital in question does not feel prepared to take care of that patient and we do that kind of thing all the time. What we have to make very safe is the means of transfer. But that asidec theres lot of things that we all can do that the c. D. C. Is involved in doing and local and state Health Departments are doing in terms of helping nurses andc doctorsn the front lines, in Emergency Rooms and hospitals across the country to make sure they feel comfortable thinking ebola when they have a patient whos been in africa in the last 21 days, has a fever, vomiting and other symptoms like that and also they can quickly put on the protective gear to protect themselves as well. Woodruff in the near term go ahead. I want to respond. The reality is patients can walk into a hospital or clinic at any moment. To say that we would just have training at the Regional Centers does not provide for safe, adequate care for the patients might walkc in and access caret any one of our hospitals or clinics throughout the United States. So we are asking for training for nurses who are providingc care in all those areas so we know how to identify, so that we have a communication plan, so that we have the ability to isolate patients when we need to and that we can, you know, provide immediate care, which is what were going to be required to do. Woodruff all right, its clear that this is an ongoing issue and we will continue to look at it. We thank you both, katy roemer, professor howard markel. Thank you. Thank you. Woodruff now to the devastating effects of thec deadly virus overseas. Jeffrey brown has that. Brown as we reported earlier, the director of the World Health Organization, doctor Margaret Chan, issued a dire assessment today of ebolac ravaging effects on west africa, saying its, unquestionably, the most severe acute Public Health emergency in modern times. Crisis for International Peace and security. As a former British Foreign secretary, our next guest is no stranger to peace and security crises. David miliband is now head of the International Rescue committee and just returned from liberia and sierra leone. The two nations hardest hit by the epidemic. Mr. Miliband, as we see a first case in this country of a nurse contracting ebola, what is the situation for Health Workers in africa, including those in your organization . Are there better protocols in place now or is the situation still quite dangerous . E head of the World Health Organization has used the wordc dire. Thats true. Its a very dangerous place to be a health worker. The death rate among Health Workers outstrips that of the public population. c were talking about a disease hard to catch in a western situation but in conditions of overcrowding, lack of sanitation and water supply and electricity, its very dangerous indeed and for Health Workers theyre on the front line because its the exchange of bodily fluid that makes this danger for them. The staff i met were obviously afraid and they know they face risks both at rourke and in their own homes because there isnt a good enough system yet to get the infected people out of their homes and into isolation centers. Brown speaking of systems, theres been a lot of focus recently on international support. What about local systems localc government, are they able to keep up at this point . The short answer is. No i think the disease is outstripping the response at the moment, and while its natural that there should be a focusc n emergency treatment for those who have got the disease, its absolutely essential that we break the chain of transmission. Its people in their homes with the disease, showing the symptoms, who are infecting their relatives and sometimes neighbors, relatives who might live in a house of 20 or 30, in the middle of sierra leone or the capital of libraryia its those conditions and the failure to get those suffering from the disease out of their homes that are spreading it. One other point to the question about Health Systems in general, if you have malaria in those countries, youreru getting treatment. If you have basic fever or diarrhea, youre not getting treatment because the Health Systems have broken down and that makes a chal enge for the countries and the International System that much greater. Brown is there an understanding among the public or officials in these countries, did you sense an understanding that this will be going on 18 months, two years, that this will be a hard struggle to get under control . It is a long struggle. You have to be careful with long struggles. It suggests you have a lot of time. Its important to realize the next weeks will decide whether this becomes an epic of monumental proportions. After all, the centers for Disease Control talked about a Million People being killed. Whether it reaches that calamity or whether its contained in the low tens of thousands, i wouldnt want people to thinkc that just because this is a longterm fight, that somehow the short term doesnt matter. The next fewc weeks, if this disease spreads from the single thousands to the tens of thousands is key. Thats why both countries are at a tipping point. Brown Margaret Chan pointed political implication, the potential of states actually failing. So this goes beyond a health crisis. I think its very, very important to see this is more than a health crisis. The president of sierra leone has said that the very survival of his nation is at stake. Its a political emergency of major proportions. You dont often feet n. G. O. S calling for the military to come in, but thats whats happened with western n. G. O. S supporting the rigor and the with and the manpower that comes with the military endeavor. My point is we have to see this as a system that sees from infection through treatment to fi posal of bodies. Unless you deal with all the parts to have the chain, you wont control the disease and thats why it poses a dire threat to individuals and the countrys concerns. Brown David Miliband of the International Rescue committee, thank you so much. Thank you. Woodruff now, possible signals that the Roman Catholic church may be softening its attitudes on gays and divorced catholics. Thats what some observers are taking from a report out today. Marking the midwaypoint of a two week meeting of bishops at the vatican. Joining us from rome to fill us in on all this is john allen. He covers the vstican and Catholic Church for the boston globe and its website, crux. He also serves as senior vatican analyst for cnn. Woodruff john allen, well come back to the newshour. Ic was reading, some gay Rights Groups are calling this a seismic change in a positive direction. How do you see it . Well, judy, i think its important to be clear about what this is and what it is not. What it is not is a change in catholic teaching on marriage. The bishops at this gathering called a synod have made it abundantly clear there is not going to be a change in catholic doctrine that marriage is a relationship between a man and woman that is permanent and for life. That says, the bishops also made clear that they want a more positive way of engaging people who dont live that teaching, whether talking about gaysc and lesbians, whether talking about people cohas been at a timing outside of marriage, whether its people who have divorced and remarried or whatever. They dont want the first thing they hear fromc the Catholic Church to be a note of condemnation. They want it to be a note of friendship and then, after that, well see where the conversation goes. Fundamentally, this is a change in tone rather than a change in content. But given the fact that gays and lesbians in particular have become quite accustomed to hearing messages of condemnation and disapproval from the Catholic Church, i guess, you know, you could call that a seismic change in tonality, if not a dramatic change in content. So with new language, at least at this point in this bishops pleading, the synod onc gays, on people divorced in the church and on People Living together, cohas been at a at t are the positives that could come out of this meeting . The reality is all around the world you will find catholics at grassroots that will accept Church Teaching on marriage buts note plenty of people that dont live the teaching and i think many have long felt a kind of struggle between on the one hand how do you uphold what the church teaches and on the other hand recognize these are often awfully, incredibly decent people and you dont want to snub them or not be able to be in friendships with them, and i think what the synod is doing and this is inspired by the new tone setc by pope francis, wee trying to give warrant to those catholics in the trenches to say its perfectly okay toc have friendship with these folks, it is perfectly okay to reach out to them because that is what the church itself wants to try to do. So i think rather than introducing a dramatic new teaching, this is, instead, i think, in a sense, authorizing people at the grassroots to feel good about the fact that you can be both a faithful catholic and you can be friends with gays and lesbians, you can be friends with people who are living together outside of marriage, you can be friends with people who are divorced and remarried. Doesnt mean you have to approve in fullness thec lifestyle choices there, but it also means you can recognize the positive values that those people embody and try to embrace that. Its certainly gotten ourc attention. John allen, we thank you. Woodruff now the disturbing charges over Sexual Assault over a High School Football program in new jersey. Seven players were arrested over the weekend and the district superintendent says he now believes the troubling behavior with hazing may have occurred before this season. To jeff who has the story. Brown its a celebrated Football Program years of on the field success. A hall of fame coach, and its the pride of sayreville, a newc jersey town 25 miles southwest of new york city. But now, Sexual Assault and hazing charges have rockedc sayreville war memorial high school. Seven players were charged friday with attacking younger teammates in the teams locker room last month. Superintendent Richard Labbe had already canceled the teams remaining games last week. There were incidences of harassment, intimidation, and bullying that took place on a pervasive level, on a wide scale level, and at a level in which players knew, tolerated, and, in general, accepted. Brown labbe went further yesterday telling nj. Com whether we have a Football Program moving forward is certainly a question in my mind. Based upon the severity of the charges, im not sure. Brown the decision to end the season has sharply divided students and the town. I feel really bad for the cheerleaders and the marching band and thm sest of the players who didnt do anything. Like why do they deserve to be punished for someone elses actions . c these kids have grown up with bullying and harassment, they know the right thing to do and even the ones that werent involved didnt do the right thing. Brown new Jersey Governor Chris Christie has condemned the alleged assault, and ordered a state review of antibullying laws. Currently, they do not directly address behavior on sports teams. Brown kate zernike is covering for the New York Times and joins us. How much is known about the incident at this point whether its a onetime thing or something serious and part of a regular pattern . What we know from the prosecutors charges is it what theyre charging is between ac tenday period in september. But what they and the superintendent says is this is pervasive and the superintendent told us he believes it happened at least last year if not beforc then. What do we know about the young when who have been arrested . One question is whether they will be tried as adults. Its not that uncommon in new jersey and particularly in Middlesex County where juveniles are waved up to adult court and this is a possibility where the punishment is harsher and juveniles can get time in a juvenile facility which is easier than a regular prison. So thats a question. Brown the victims havent been identified but one or more clearly came forward to talk about. This what do we know of them and how theyre fairing . One of t e victims fathers i think it was the victim who first came forward and went to police and who said this is a problem and said i dont want this anymore, he was qu uqb saturday morning saying he felt tremendously vindicated by the arrest of the seven players. The other players, whats interesting is when you talk to some of the freshmen who were on the team where the hading occurred, what sort is heartbreaking is you hear them saying this was happening and it was horrifying but we kind of laughed it off because this is how we should do and this is how upper classmen waived and this was part of the program and i think it was only because one student came forward and said im going to the police that this came out to the public. Brown that would suggest a culture of this activity. Absolutely. You know, ic think its not probably that hard, unfortunately, for all of us to imagine how, you know, something that might seem like a Fraternity Rush moves into hazing and bahlying and then ultimately moves into this which as the prosecutors said is violent sexual contact. But i think for these students, again, the students who were involved, allegedly involved in these attacks, theyre looking at a future where theyre marked as sexual offenders more the rest of their lives and this is a very serious crime. Brown what about the coach whos been there 20 years and other adults, is there any sense that any of them knew or should have known what happened . I think thats one of the Big Questions is what did they know, but certainly a loot of people are saying they should have known. One thing thats happening is the freshmen began because they were so terrified to go into the lockerc room, the freshmen dressed outside the locker room, and what a lot of parents and politicians have been saying is why didnt the adults notice and say, thats odd, why are they changing outside the locker room and talk toc them about what might be happening inside the locker room. Brown i mentioned the divisions in the town. What did you see . We know the superintendent canceled the season and is now mulling over whether to cancel the program altogether. Whats that doing to the town . I think a lot of people, initially, in particular, were saying this isnt that big a deal. This is before the charges came out and it appeared the kids had actually been sodomized. The girl in the clip are saying why are we ruining this for the cheer leaders and the band players that didnt do anything wrong. This is a town where peoplec py pop warner football knowing theyre going to the High School Football team and play there, they go to college, play there, maybe coach. Itq e cycle of life there and for a lot of people getting rid of the program seemed unaniable and a lot of other parents and Community Members are saying we have to remember this town is about more than football and school is more than football and football cant be so important we let this kind of thing happen. Brown kate zernike on the situation in sayreville, new jersey. Thanks so much. Thanks. Woodruff next, to the authoc of a new book on the costs, in lives and treasure, of the war on terror. The war or terror and global war on terror has become essentially an endless war. It started with a search for justice. I think thirteen years later woodruff its a stark conclusion james risen has come to, in the decadeplus since september 11th. The veteran New York Times investigative journalist is best known for the explosive revelation that the Bush Administration ordered the National Security agency to eavesdrop on americans without warrants after 9 11. But now he has compiled examples of what he sees as that hunt for cash, greed for power, and lives wrecked in his new book, pay any price. The title of the book comes from john f. Kennedys inaugural address when he said, let everc nation know. That we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet anyc hardship, support any friend, in order to assure the survival and success of liberty. Woodruff your argument is that any price has been way too high a price. How so . We have had thirteen years of war now. A lot of people have gotten into the war on terror in order to make a lot of money or to gain status or power, both in the government and outside of the government. Woodruff did it have to be this way, could it have been at some point avoided before it all happened . There is lots of points atc which we made choices. We decided to invade iraq, we decided to invade afghanistan, weve occupied both those countries. c then we began you know remote battles across other countries and we built a huge infrastructure for what we call Homeland Security here at home. And so weve had an enormous just hundreds of billions of dollars poured into National Security, Homeland Security and what i call the new Homeland Security industrial complex. Woodruff that is a play on Dwight Eisenhowers famous phrase the militaryindustrial complex. Coined amid the cold war. Risen describes a new apparatus for a new war, built in parallel, and almost entirely in secret, but with a staggeringc price tag there are estimates that the entire war on terror, if you count iraq, afghanistan, all of the other things weve done both domestically andc internationally, have cost about 4 trillion dollars, and that is an enormous transfer of wealth into a new sector of the economy which is security. Woodruff and you describe so many examples of how this has happened. Youve got chapter after chapter, picking out a couple of them there is one where you talk about certainly money stolen from iraq, there is another, an operation called alarbus where its named for the Shell Company that was created by the pentagon, their special operations command, they created their own spy agency. Why was that necessary . c why werent they able to work with the c. I. A. . Well, there has been allc kinds of turf battles inside the government over control of intelligence. You know, the intelligence has become kind of the crown jewel within the government, everybody wants a piece of it over the last thirteen years. The pentagon wants to get in on the c. I. A. s turf, and so they created these Front Companies to act like the c. I. A. Does around the world and in this case there are all kinds of allegations about whether some of the people involved were taking advantage of the operation. Woodruff at one point they were talking about assassinating and. Yes, and one of the foreigners involved the operation tried to, allegedly tried to use the Bank Accounts, or wanted to use the Bank Accounts set up by alarbus for money laundering. For massive money laundering. c hundreds of millions of dollars. Woodruff and so the government would have been engaged in this. Right. c woodruff but it didnt actually happen. No, no but there was an fbi investigation that has been secret, until now, of what happened. Woodruff in another chapter, jim risen, you write about millions of dollars spent on programs that were completely fraudulent. One was run by a man named dennis montgomery. He had worked in Computer Software but he was a gambler and he sold the c. I. A. And the pentagon on technology that turned out to be not at all what he said it was. Right. There was, its difficult to tell in some of these cases who is scamming who. Woodruff montgomery was, in his attorneys words, a con man. He and his partners eventually procured more than 20 million in government contracts. One program had officials at thc c. I. A. Convinced that montgomery could uncover plans for the next al qaeda attack if you talk to montgomery he argues that the c. I. A. Wanted him to do what he was doing. c in this case, they began to believe in this kind of war fever that you could find al qaeda messages hidden in al jazeera broadcasts. Woodruff the middle east broadcaster was, at the time, al qaedas chosen outlet for broadcasting messages from osama bin laden. Montgomery convinced intelligence officials that his software could decode orders from the terror group to its operatives. Socalled intelligence from his program about a new wave of airliner attacks was eventually delivered directly to president george w. Bush in december, 2003 and led mr. Bush to issue anc extraordinary order. This highly secret program was used by the Bush Administration to ground planesc all over europe and the United States. Woodruff when actually there was nothing to it. It was a hoax and then there was it is a very complicated story about a man recognizing an opportunity who had never been involved in National Security before and the c. I. A. And the military all just hungry for whoever could come with the latest idea. Woodruff at the end of the day though, yes, money may well have been wasted in the million, hundreds of millions, and beyond outlandish things happened, but the country hasnt had anotherc huge terror attack the way we did on 9 11. So could it be argued, could the government argue weve done our job even if weve made some mistakes. I think thats probably their argument. c the question is what did we overestimate the threat and build up this huge infrastructure while hyping a threat . Or, has this massive amount of money really had an effect . Thats the question i guess that woodruff is there any way to dial it back . I think the country has to begin to get out of the constant state of fear over terrorism that weve been in since 9 11. To me, it reminds me a little bit of the mccarthy period when we had this abstract threat of russia. Everyone knew that russia was a threat, but we didnt know that much about soviet communism at the time. c and so because it was sort of abstract, we were able to think that the russians were ten feet tall. I think weve had something similar happen in the post9 11c world where, because al qaeda and islamic terrorism are kind of new and unknown threats to us, weve made them ten feet tall. When in fact they are not ten feet tall. Woodruff james risen author of pay any price greed, power and endless war, thank you very much. Thank you for having me. Woodruff theres much more from the interview on our website, including risen speaking on his refusal to identify a confidential source in defiance of a federal subpoena. Pxy uo]sf to politics now, and to michigan, where republican Governor Rick Snyder is in a tough fight for re election. Snyder is one of a handful of republican governors elected four years ago in states that voted for barack obama forc president. Christy mcdonald, special correspondent for detroit public television, has this report. Reporter michigan Governor Rick Snyder moves eagerly among a crowd in a detroit suburb. Outside, a small case of what hes up against with an election. The republican governor campaigned four years ago as a political outsider, a businessman ready to pull michigan out of economic trouble with a quirky tv spot. The way to finally save our state rick snyder from michigew hes one tough man. Schneider snyder won by two points, oneon governors who con in states that two years earlier had voted for barack obama. Once in office, snyder poured millions into the states deplated Rainy Day Fund and pushed for streamland business taxes and says hes changed the Business Climate that turned things around. Weve created nearly 300,000 private sector jobs in the last three years. Were number one in creating manufacturing jobs, number four in high paying jobs. So we have a strong track Record Record and i want to build on it. Reporter jim owns a small Alliance Business and wants snyder to do more. He needs to clearly express all the wonderful things hes done for the state of michiganc mi. Hes been aeffective governor and now we need an effective leader that will get out and motivate and inspire people. Heres a list of what weve done in the last threec years. Im proud of this. Reporter while michigan is doing better, its Unemployment Rate is still the sixth highest in the nation. When we vote, we win, and then we change our state. Reporter its that Economic Uncertainty that challenger mark schauer, a former state legislator and oneterm congressman highlights on the stone. Lets finish the job. Reporter schauer is asking the classic question, are you doing better than you were four years ago . Youre saying the Biggest Issue is the economy and where people feel they are now . I think its who the economy is working for and i think they see rickc snyders economy may work for the folks at the top but its not working for them. The guy who ran four years ago ran as one tough nerd and as soon asc he took office he got tough on the wrong people. Reporter schauer started capitalizing on education concerns in michigan mentioning frequently hes the son of a teacher. Betty is a recently retired school teacher. I think he knows so much about it because of his background of his parents and he understands whats being undermined and whats happening. Reporter fueling the biggest controversy, schauer says Governor Snyder has cut 1 billion from education. It is undisputable that his first budget cut funding for our prek through 12th grade schools by 930 million. Further cut community colleges, cut higher education, our universities by 15 . Gvlrnor rick snyder cut a billion dollars reporter a tv spot authorized by schauer features teachers claiming snyder did cut the budget andeth felt in the classroom. Snyder says thats ac lie, that if the states fiscal situation has inproved, there is increasing investment in teachers and pension. Over 1. 1 billion more in k12 in state dollars in the last three years and the budget i just signed into law is a billion dollars higher than the year i took office. Reporter its getting voters talking and teachers unions motivated. Two years in a whirlwind lame duck session that brought thousands to the stap capital in protest, the Legislature Passed a right to work bill. Governor snyder must veto veto reporter Governor Snyder signed it, evenc though he kept repeating it wasnt on his agenda, and with that he started he doesnt want the Tea Party Voters to sit home on november 4 but, at the same time, if he really plays up his conservative credentials to try and woo those voters, then he risks alienating the moderate and independent voters and he needs them as well. So hes in a tough position. Reporter one factor in this race, detroit. The city is undergoing the largethlargeths municipal bankrn u. S. History. It was Governor Snyder who appointed an emergency manager, the spending how worse of elected officials and also signed off on chapter 9. Last year, protesters pushed back against snyders emergencyc manager. It violates our civil rights but also violates section 2 of the Voting Rights act. Reporter with detroit set to emerge from bankruptcy and some City Services running a bit morec smoothly, snider can take snyder can take some credit. Stephen henderson is the over the the detroit free press. Hes something hes held up as an accomplishment and hes so close to being done with that right now. Thats something he should be trumpeting. Are you ready to go in with a knockout punch reporter the race in michigan will come down to turnout. Will democrats and the union fire up the base enough to vote in a nonpresident ial Election Year . Can snyder motivate the independents and moderates that voted four years ago for him . Thec polls have snyder just ahd if just slightly moving michigan as one state to watch come election day november 4. Woodruff election day 2014 is just three weeks fromc tomorrow. So where do we stand . Are republicans closer to taking back the senate . Will democrats hold on . And will we even know the outcome on Election Night . Joining us are two of the best politics watchers around, amy walter of the cook political report, and dan balz of the washington post. Welcome back to you both. We have been talking for weeks and months, amy, about the effect president obama is going to have. At this point, midoctober, could bit determineddive . It absolutely could be and usually is. Recommends isc usually on the person in the white house and the president s numbers are stuck in the low 40s and if you look at the states that determine control of the senate hes in the 30s even in the states he carried back in 2012,c so this is a big weight around every single one of these candidates that they cant undo themselves from. Woodruff the president is the Main National factor in these races . I think absolutely. There are certainly other factors. The economy is a factor. I. S. I. S. Is a factor. Ebola may now be a factor just in terms of creating the kind of National Mood of insecurity and i think thats ramped up a little bit, not necessarily affecting the president s numbers in any terrible way, but it has added to a period in which people are unhappy and kind ofo looking for some way to express that unhappiness. Woodruff so republicans need six seats, they need to gain six, a net of six, amy,o take control. We have been dividing this up into the states the democrats are holding on to right now, but are worried about losing. A few of those looked like they were gone, according to the polls. West virginia,c montana, south dakota. What happened . Whats changing is not the demographics of the state. Its still very republican. Its a threeway race with an independent candidate in the 30s, a democrat whos also in the 30s, and a republican who hasnt campaigned very much. He is up in first place but very close between the other two. So youre seeing democrats now trying to get engaged here throwing something of a hail mary pass to get the democrats, infrathe independents in a position to go past the republican andc put south dakoa up for grabs. Its very tough to do when youre starting to see National Republicans come in to help the republican candidate. But, yes, thats a race were looking atc we didnt talk abot earlier. Woodruff dan, lets talk about the red or purplishred states where democrats are holding on louisiana, arkansas, alaska, North Carolina. What do you see in those states . Judy, these are the four we have been focused on intently since the beginning of the year. Four incumbent democrats in repleaning states. What we have seen is, on the one hand, Democrats Holding their own in a number of those races for a good long time, but what were now beginning to see is some Movement Toward the republican in a number of the states. Of those four, the democrats have the best hope, clearly, of holding on in North Carolina which is a more purplish state of the other three. President obamac won it in 200, lost it in 2012 and senator kay hagan is continuing to hold a narrow lead in that race. In the other three, theyre not done by any means at this pointc but the republicans i think believe they have an advantage in all three of those right now. Now. Woodruff how do you see those . I think thats right. One democrat said to me at one point it feels like the wiley coyote cartoon where he goes off the cliff and his legs are moving really quickly, at some point he falls to earth, an thats where a lot of the democrat candidates in louisiana, arkansas and others have been defying political gravity for some time and youre seeing their numbers fall. In louisiana we probably wont know the answer on Election Night. Its a runoff state where you have to get 50 on Election Night or we wait till december where we have a runoff to see who is the senatorc for the state. Woodruff we have two purplish states, iowa very close. Gwen is in colorado and going to have a report for us on that tomorrow. What are we thinking about iowa . Iowa is a toss up, ac fascinating race. Joni ernst is the republican representative. Congressman brailey is the democrat. This is a race the democrats thought they would be in good shape early in the year. Didnt turn out that way. Shes been a better candidate the democrats had feared and hes had trouble. So this race looks close. Its had to see who has a real advantage. Woodruff finally, to the three states that weve most focused on, two ofc them, georgia, kentucky, republican states, amy right. Woodruff the democrats think they have a shot but the surprise is kansas. Another place where we didnt think we would seec a competite race. This is really about the republican incumbent, pat roberts. He was dogged during his primary with a talk that he doesnt live in kansas anymore, that hes out of touch with kansas voters, barely won his primary. Now he has a serious challenge from an independent candidate, losing to that candidate in the polls. Youre starting to see now the cavalry is coming in for pat roberts. This week, its almost 101 against the independent candidate. Well see if that county can hold on now that the money is coming in. Woodruff what d do you look at in the races . The polls. The polls can be conflicting because were dealing with apples and oranges in the polls, theyre sometimes hard to compare, but were certainly looking atc that. Were looking where moves toward money and advertising are going. Im not convinced advertising is making much difference in some of these states. You know, arkansas and barraged by ads. I dont think theres going to be much new in terms of advertising. But in a place like south dakota which hasnt gotten much attention ton airways, there it could begin to have an effect. Were watching it all very closely. Thank you both dna and aim dan and amy walter. Woodruff again, the major developments of the day, the centers for Disease Control called for u. S. Hospitals to review procedures and think ebola if patients coming from africa show symptoms. And catholic bishops drew widespread attention with a report suggesting a more accepting attitude toward gays and divorced catholics. c n the newshour online right now, Climate Change isnt just a problem for rare and endangered species like polar bears, its also threatening common ones, like the Northern Bobwhite quail. And so scientists in texas andc oklahoma where the birds are at risk, are implementing a large scale approach to conservation. Read how theyre doing that, on our science page. All that and more is on our web site, pbs. Org newshour. Woodruff and thats the newshour for tonight. On tuesday, well explore, the Science Behind how food tastes and new efforts to cut down on salt without losing flavor. Im judy woodruff, well see you online, and again here tomorrow evening. For all of us here at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by c c and by the alfred p. Sloan foundation. Supporting science, technology, and improved Economic Performance and Financial Literacy in the 21st century. And with the ongoing support of these institutions and. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Captioning sponsored by Macneil Lehrer productions captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh this is bbc c world news america. 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