Like jobs, hes a perfectionist in the art of engineering. Its a desire to discover that is behind musks other line of vehicles. Liftoff of the falcon 9. Marcus roberts please help me welcome to the stage, Marcus Roberts. Marsalis the good lord giveth, he taketh away. Marcus roberts lost his sight, but gained a rare insight into the soul of american music. Hes a virtuoso who remembers, as a kid, picking out songs he heard on the radio. Like, for example, stevie wonders tune i wish. Marsalis well, let me hear the right hand with the left hand. laughter im steve kroft. Im lesley stahl. Im morley safer. Im bob simon. Im scott pelley. Those stories tonight on 60 minutes. Lifes an adventure when youre with her. And it always has been. But your erectile dysfunction it could be a question of blood flow. Cialis tadalafil for daily use helps you be Ready Anytime the moments right. You can be more confident in your ability to be ready. 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Volkswagen has the most tdi clean diesel models of any brand. Hurry in and get a 1,000 fuel reward card and 0. 9 apr for 60 months on tdi models. Kroft this month marks the fifth anniversary of the current bull market on wall street, making it one of the longest and strongest in history. Yet u. S. Stock ownership is at a record low, and less than half of Americans Trust banks and financial services. In the last two weeks, the new York Attorney general and the Commodities Futures Trading Commission in washington have both launched investigations into High Frequency computerized stock trading that now controls more than half the market. The probes were announced just ahead of a much anticipated book on the subject by bestselling author Michael Lewis called flash boys. In it, lewis argues that the stock market is now rigged to benefit a group of insiders that have made tens of billions of dollars exploiting computerized trading. The story is told through an unlikely cast of characters who figured out what was going on and devised a plan to correct it. It could have a huge impact on wall street. Tonight, Michael Lewis talks about it for the first time. Whats the headline here . Michael lewis stock markets rigged. The United States stock market, the most iconic market in. In global capitalism is rigged. Kroft by whom . Lewis by a combination of these Stock Exchanges, the big wall street banks, and High Frequency traders. Kroft who are the victims . Lewis everybody who has an investment in the stock market. Kroft Michael Lewis is not talking about the stock market that you see on television every day. That ceased to be the center of u. S. Financial activity years ago, and exists today mostly as a photo op. This is the stock market that lewis is talking about, the one where most of the trades take place now, inside hundreds of thousands of these black boxes located at more than 60 public and private exchanges, where billions of dollars in stock change hands every day with little or no public documentation. The trades are being made by thousands of robot computers, programmed to buy and sell every stock on the market at speeds 100 times faster than you can blink an eye a system so complex, its all but invisible. Lewis if it wasnt complicated, it wouldnt be allowed to happen. The complexity disguises what is happening. If its so complicated, you cant understand it, then you cant question it. Kroft and this is all being done by computers. Lewis all being done by computers. Its too fast to be done by humans. Humans have been completely removed from the marketplace. Kroft fast is the operative word. Machines with secret programs are now trading stocks in tiny fractions of a second, way too fast to be seen or recorded on a stock ticker or computer screen, faster than the market itself. High frequency traders, big wall street firms, and Stock Exchanges have spent billions to gain an advantage of a millisecond for themselves and their customers, just to get a peek at stock market prices and orders a flash before everyone else, along with the opportunity to act on it. Lewis the insiders are able to move faster than you. Theyre able to see your order and. And play it against other orders in ways that you dont understand. Theyre able to front run your order. Kroft what do you mean front run . Lewis means theyre able to identify your desire to buy shares in microsoft and buy them in front of you and sell them back to you at a higher price. It all happens in infinitesimally small periods of time. Theres speed advantage that the faster traders have is milliseconds, some of it is fractions of milliseconds. But its enough for them to identify what youre going to do and do it before you do it, at your expense. Kroft so it drives the price up. Lewis so it drives the price up, and in turn, you pay a higher price. Kroft Michael Lewis is not the first person to allege the stock market is rigged, or that High Frequency traders are front running the market. But he was the first to find Brad Katsuyama, who is the first to figure out how it was being done. Lewis a very unlikely character, a trader at the royal bank of canada, a young canadian man named Brad Katsuyama realized that the market that he thought he knew had changed. The market seemed to be willing to sell a stock. But the minute he went to buy it, someone else bought it, the stock went up. It was as if someone knew what he was doing before he did it. Kroft back in 2008, katsuyama was 30 years old and running the royal bank of canadas stock desk in new york with 25 traders working for him. Every time one of them tried to buy a large block of stock for a client, their order would only be partially filled and the price of the stock would go up. It kept happening over and over again. Brad katsuyama the best analogy i think is that your family wants to go to a concert. You go onto stubhub, theres four tickets all next to each other for 20 bucks each. You put in an order to buy four tickets, 20 bucks each, and it says, youve bought two tickets at 20 bucks each. And you go back and those same two seats that are sitting there have now gone up to 25. Kroft whatd you think the problem was . Katsuyama i had no idea. I couldnt get answers. Kroft at first, katsuyama thought it must be that the technology at r. B. C. Was slow, until he went to stamford, connecticut, and paid a visit to one of the largest hedge funds in the world. Katsuyama the same things that i was experiencing as a trader, one of the most sophisticated hedge funds in the world was also having the same problem. Then the light bulb goes off. You say, holy cow, this is, this is a huge problem. Kroft you were determined to get to the bottom of it. Katsuyama yeah. Kroft why . Katsuyama laughs because it just didnt feel right. It didnt feel right that people who are investing on behalf of Pension Funds and Retirement Funds are getting baitand switched every single day in the market. Kroft katsuyama suspected that the problem had something to do with plumbing, the way the trades were routed through fiber optic cables from his trading desk in Lower Manhattan to the 13 public exchanges in northern new jersey. But no one would tell him exactly what happened to his orders once he hit the buy or sell button. So he put together a team of technical experts, traders and, most importantly, an Irish Telecom guy named ronan ryan, who was an expert on high speed fiber optic networks. Ronan ryan i knew nothing about trading until my first day at r. B. C. , when i sat in that threehour meeting on algorithms. I called my wife afterwards, and im like, holy crap, i have no idea what they just said. Kroft ryan had done work for the High Frequency traders. He knew what they were building, and he knew about the colossal amounts of money they were prepared to spend. He told brad about a Company Called spread networks that had laid a highspeed fiber optic cable from the futures market in chicago to the exchanges in new jersey. They spent 300 million just to shave three milliseconds off the fastest route, and were leasing access to High Frequency traders at 10 million a pop. Lewis from Brad Katsuyamas point of view, when he heard they were willing to spend that kind of money for milliseconds, it told him the sums involved were vast. That was one of the first questions he said he had. He says, all right, im getting ripped off, everybodys getting ripped off. But what does it add up to . And i think when he heard the story of spread networks, he realized this is tens of billions of dollars were talking about. Kroft ronan ryan also knew where all the cable was buried, and had detailed maps of the fastest routes from the financial district in Lower Manhattan to the various Stock Exchanges in new jersey, all calculated down to the millisecond. Ryan so i would sit there, roll out maps, and roll out this data center as a box and a line going through it. And they had no idea what i was on about. And then id be like, hey, are you guys aware of where these data centers are located . Of course youre arriving there at different time intervals. Kroft for brad, the maps turned what had been an abstract idea into something he could actually see. The first place his orders were landing was the Bats Exchange across the river in weehawken, new jersey, and High Frequency traders were lying there in wait. Lewis brad realizes, oh, my god, thats how im being front runned. Im being frontrunned because my signal gets to the Bats Exchange first, and they can beat me to all the other exchanges. Kroft it only took a tiny fraction of a second for brads trade to reach the next exchanges on the network, but the high speed traders were able to jump in front of him, buy the same stock, and drive the price up before his order arrived, producing a small profit of just one or two pennies. But it was happening to everyones trades millions of times a day. Ryan that adds up. Kroft you make it sound like a skim. Ryan what else would you call it . Lewis one Hedge Fund Manager said, i was running a hedge fund that was 9 billion, and that we figured that the, just our inability to make the trades the market said we should be able to make was costing us 300 million a year. That was 300 million a year in someone elses pocket. Kroft is this illegal . Lewis no. Thats the thing thats so shocking about all this. It should. Kroft well, you used the word front running. Front runnings illegal. Lewis this form of front running is legal. Its legalized front running. Its crazy that its legal for some people to get advance news on prices and what investors are doing. Its just nuts. Shouldnt happen. Kroft ronan knew the only way to beat the High Frequency traders was to take away their milliseconds advantage that allowed them to sniff out slower trades and beat them to the exchange. He had an idea how to do it. Katsuyama and he said, youre probably better off trying to go slower, which means send the order to the exchange located the farthest away first and send the order to the one thats located closest to you last. So stagger when you send them out with the goal of arriving at all places as close to the same time as possible. Kroft katsuyama and his team developed software that did just that, allowing the orders of royal bank of canadas customers to reach all of the exchanges at the same time, cutting the High Frequency traders out of the equation. Katsuyama and essentially, our fill rates went to 100 . We couldnt believe it when. When we actually figured it out. Kroft so you beat speed by slowing it down. Katsuyama yeah, as crazy as that sounds. laughs kroft katsuyama and his team went out and began selling and explaining what they had discovered to the big mutual funds, Pension Funds, and institutional investors, people who had suspicions that they were being front run but didnt know how. And nobody had really bothered or tried to figure this out until Brad Katsuyama came along. Lewis it was in nobodys interest to, correct. I spoke to dozens of investors, big investors, famous investors who. Who said that, when Brad Katsuyama came into my office and laid out to me how the market was rigged, my jaw hit the floor. I mean, i knew something was wrong, i just didnt know what it was and no one had told us. Katsuyama part of those meetings led us to believe, holy cow, this is. This is really something. Because some of the most sophisticated, largest Asset Managers in the world, this is the first time they were hearing this story. Kroft and some of the most famous names in the american stock market heard the pitch. Lewis the capital group, t. Rowe price, fidelity, vanguard, i mean, it, one after another. He was in their offices. They said, this man walked in. Why is he going to know how the stock market operates . And. And at the end of the hour, they said, oh, my god, he understands. Kroft Hedge Fund TitanDavid Einhorn of Greenlight Capital is one of the believers. Was he able to show you how your orders were being front run . David einhorn oh, yeah. They had. They got the marker and the white board and started drawing maps and boxes, and wires and locations. And yeah, we went through it in some detail. Kroft did you find it interesting . Einhorn it was. It was. Kroft clients like einhorn encouraged brad and his team to do something bigger. Thats when katsuyama, a conformist even by canadian standards, decided to do something radical. In 2012, he quit his highpaying job as head trader at r. B. C. And went off with some of his team to start their own exchange. You were making good money at royal bank of canada . Katsuyama yeah, right. Kroft millions of dollars . Katsuyama right. laughs i guess. I guess Everybody Knows that now . Right, yeah. Kroft why did you want to go off and walk away from that job and start a Stock Exchange . Katsuyama yeah, wasnt an easy conversation to have with my. My wife, thats for sure. It almost felt like a sense of obligation to say, we found a problem. Its affecting millions and millions of people. People are blindly losing money they didnt even know theyre entitled to. Its a hole in the bottom of the bucket. Kroft they set out to build an exchange funded exclusively by large traditional investors. They called it i. E. X. , the investors exchange, and quietly launched it in october with the support of some of the biggest players on wall street. And it comes with builtin speed bumps to eliminate the advantage of high speed predators. Lewis and the way they did it was they coiled 60 kilometers of fiber optic cable between themselves and the High Frequency traders computers. They call it the magic shoe box, and it looks like its got fishing line in it. But essentially, a High Frequency trader, if he tries to react on the i. E. X. Exchange, his trade goes for 60 kilometers until. So hes. Hes in east jesus. Kroft so it gets there the same time as everybody else. Lewis it gets there same time as everybody elses. Kroft do you think they can game you . Ryan i think that theyll try to game us. I think the fact, though, that weve gone and met with the majority of the biggest High Frequency firms to explain what the magic shoebox is doing, and that people havent said, oh, thats rubbish, that wont work. Weve had many ask us for a backdoor, to be honest. So that says something that itll work. Kroft the exchange is off to a strong start, although it is still very small with lots of powerful enemies that like the status quo and are trying to starve i. E. X. By discouraging customers from using them. Greenlight capitals David Einhorn is one of the investors. Do you think i. E. X. Will survive . Einhorn i think its going to succeed. I think its going to succeed in a very big way. Kroft just last week, i. E. X. Received a strong endorsement from goldman sachs, whose top executives cited it as a model for a more stable and less complicated stock market. Katsuyama were selling trust. Were selling transparency. And. And to think that trust is actually a differentiator in a service business, its kind of a crazy thought, right . Lewis why is this kid, why is he able to all of a sudden sit at the center of the american stock market . And the answer is, when someone walks in the door who is actually trustworthy, he has enormous power. And this is the story story of trying to restore trust to the financial markets. Cbs money watch update sponsored by . Good evening, tomorrows the enrollment deadline for most americans under obamacare. Apple and samsung go to trial tomorrow in their latest Patent Infringement fight. And tuesday congressional hearings on those gm recalls begin. C. E. O. Mary barra will testify. Im jeff glor, cbs news. G to Walt Disney World just might be staying at a Walt Disney World resort hotel. From royal encounters to royal rooms. And pirates to paradise, the magic never has to stop. And this summer, you can save up to 30 off a select Walt Disney World resort hotel room. Book your stay now and discover how close the magic can be. Im saving a ton of time by posting them to my wall. Oh, i like that one. Its so quick its just like my car insurance. I saved 15 in just 15 minutes. I saved more than that in half the time. I unfriend you. Thats not how it works. Thats not how any of this works. [ male announcer ] 15 minutes for a quote isnt how it works anymore. With esurance, 7 1 2 minutes could save you on car insurance. Welcome to the modern world. Esurance. Backed by allstate. Click or call. Welcome to the modern world. Pelley comparing the tesla model s to other cars is like comparing an iphone to a desk phone. It is a technological marvel that scorches the pavement zero to 60 in four seconds. Tesla is another revolutionary idea from the mind of elon musk, a 42yearold Silicon Valley entrepreneur who built an industrial empire from the stuff of little boy dreams fast cars and rocket ships. Musk is an idealist who told us he had to start his companies so that man could colonize mars and save the earth. His sister says its like her brother traveled into the future and came back to tell us all about it. So, what is the future like . Apparently, its fast and smoke free. The tesla model s is powered by 7,000 battery cells linked to an electric motor no engine, no transmission, no tailpipe. As this Company Video shows, the dash is dominated by a computer thats constantly connected to the internet. It has a fanatical following. Theres a waiting list that elon musk is trying to shorten, building 600 model ss a week in this hightech plant in northern california. I have heard a lot of people describe you. Elon musk okay, good, i mean, hopefully. On balance, hopefully, mostly good. Pelley how do you describe yourself . Musk i usually describe myself as an engineer. Thats basically what ive been doing since i was a kid. Im interested in things that change the world or that affect the future, and wondrous, new technology, where you see it and youre like, wow, how did that even happen . How is that possible . Pelley how is it possible that elon musk could launch two impossible businesses spacex, a builder of rocket ships, and tesla, which could be the First Successful car Company Startup in america in 90 years. How did you figure you were going to start a car company and be successful at it . Musk well, i didnt really think tesla would be successful. I thought we would most likely fail. But i thought that we at least could address the false perception that people have that an electric car had to be ugly and slow and boring, like a golf cart. Pelley but you say you didnt expect the company to be successful . Then, why try . Musk if somethings important enough, you should try, even if you. The probable outcome is failure. Pelley whats important to musk is reducing greenhouse gases, which he believes threaten the world. The tesla will go about 250 miles on a charge, and musk is building a network of charging stations where the driver pays nothing for a fillup. He hopes to make the stations largely solar powered one day. Musk you can drive for free, forever, on pure sunlight. Thats the. You know, message were trying to convey. So even if, like, theres a Zombie Apocalypse and the grid breaks down, youll still be able to charge your car. Pelley so theres a Zombie Apocalypse warranty . Musk yes, exactly. Pelley and if youre running from zombies, its good to know the model s won the highest quality rating in the history of Consumer Reports and has the governments highest safety rating. Musk may be changing the car the way steve jobs changed the phone. Like jobs, hes a perfectionist in the art of engineering. His goal wasnt to show a profit, but to reveal the possibilities. It is a desire to discover thats also behind musks other line of vehicles. Liftoff of the falcon 9. Pelley only four entities have launched a space capsule into orbit and successfully brought it back the United States, russia, china, and elon musk. This buck rogers dream started years ago when he had a nutty idea to fly an experimental greenhouse to mars. But he couldnt he discovered that the price of rockets was astronomical. So now, he builds his own. Musk i had so many people try to talk me out of starting a Rocket Company, it was crazy. Pelley what did they tell you . Musk one good friend of mine collected a whole series of videos of rockets blowing up and made me watch those. laughs he just didnt want me to lose all my money. Pelley he never did launch that greenhouse, but now musk is lofting commercial satellites and flying cargo to the space station for nasa at a fraction of the former cost. Musks fascination with Technology Dates to his childhood in south africa. Maye musk he just found everything interesting. He wanted to explore everything. He knocked his teeth out because he was just falling off stuff. Kimbal, too, actually, yeah. Pelley we spoke with his mother maye, sister tosca, and brother kimbal. Kimbal musk hes a guy with unlimited ambition. Pelley ambition to do what . Kimbal musk not a typical type of ambition. Its more he just needs to be constantly. His mind just needs to be constantly fulfilled. And the problems that he takes on, therefore, need to become more and more complex over time in order to keep him interested. Pelley he was interested in computers early. At the age of 12, he wrote the software for a video game and sold it. Against his parents wishes, he set his sights on the software capitol of the world. Elon musk it seemed like the vast majority of such things came from the United States. I also, like, read a lot of comic books, and they all seemed to be set in the United States. laughs so its like, well, this is a good place. This is where i got to go to this place. Pelley he earned degrees in business and physics at the university of pennsylvania, and asked his brother to join him in california. Kimbal musk when we moved to Silicon Valley, we had nothing, so we actually lived in the office. And we would sleep on the floor in the evening and go shower at the ymca the next morning. And then, we would be ready to go before some of our employees would arrive, so they wouldnt think we were actually sleeping in the office. Pelley in that office, musk invented a program that gave stepbystep directions between addresses. Thats common today in cars and phones, but in 1995, it was magic. In four years, he made 22 million. Only in america. Elon musk right, only in america. I agree, absolutely. Pelley next, he started an Online Banking firm that he grew into paypal, a system for making purchases on the internet. And you sold paypal to ebay for what . Elon musk it was about 1. 5 billion. So that. It was a good outcome. Pelley a good outcome . Elon musk yes. Pelley his share was 180 million, and he bet it all on tesla and spacex. But at the age of 37, he hit rock bottom. His first rockets failed to reach orbit, and an early model tesla roadster had quality problems. In 2008, the Rocket Company is not going well, youve had three failures. Elon musk right. Pelley the car company is hemorrhaging money. Elon musk yeah. Pelley and the American Economy has tanked in the worst recession since the great depression. Elon musk right. Pelley what was that year like for you . Elon musk and im getting divorced, by the way, add to that. That was definitely the worst year of my life. Pelley that terrible year was captured in a documentary called revenge of the electric car. His plant was filled with flawed cars that couldnt be delivered. Musk holy mackerel. Jesus we have, like, an army of cars here. Like, jesus this is frightening. Its really pedal to the metal here. I mean, each month that passes is literally. Costs us tens of millions of dollars. We need to appreciate that. Pelley to save tesla, musk needed millions more from investors. His fortune was gone. Elon musk when wed call people and say, hey, would you like to invest . Theyd be angry that we just called. laughs that its like. Its not like no and. And you know, various expletives. Pelley he was essentially broke. Kimbal musk oh, yeah. In debt. More than broke. Pelley more than broke. Kimbal musk yeah. Elon musk i remember waking up the sunday before christmas in 2008, and thinking to myself, man, i never thought i was someone who could ever be capable of a nervous breakdown. But i felt, this is the closest ive ever come, because it. It seemed pretty. Pretty dark. Pelley toward the end of 2008, spacex prepared its fourth attempt. Elon musk we were running on fumes at that point. We had virtually no money. Pelley so a fourth failure. . Elon musk a fourth failure would have been absolutely game over. Pelley done. Elon musk done. Pelley spacex bankrupt. Elon musk yeah. Its bad enough to have three strikes; having four strikes is really kaput. Pelley but flight four was flawless in musks world, it lit the darkness. cheers and applause then, as often, the week of christmas became a time when littleboy dreams are answered. Elon musk nasa called and told us that wed won a 1. 5 billion contract. And i couldnt even hold the phone. I just blurted out, i love you guys. Pelley they saved you. Elon musk yeah, they did. Pelley financially and maybe even emotionally. Elon musk well, ill tell you, that was. That was definitely helpful, yeah. Pelley two days later, on christmas eve, teslas investors decided to pour in more money. So you were saved in the period of three days by two completely unexpected events. Elon musk yeah. Pelley merry christmas. Elon musk yeah, absolutely. Thats for sure. Pelley the rockets havent failed since. His cargo capsule has docked three times with the space station. And in the california plant, theyre fitting seats for what they hope will be eventual manned missions. Spacex is also testing a rocket that can be reused, softly landing on a column of flame, another step on a longer journey. Elon musk id love to have spacex be the company that brings humanity to mars, and i hope i see it while im still alive. Pelley hes at spacex three days a week, two days at tesla, and weekends are at home with his five sons from his first marriage, and his second wife, talulah, whom he met in london. Talulah musk it all happened very fast. We were. We were engaged after, i think, sort of two. Two weeks of knowing each other. And i was 22 and it was. There were all these boys, and it was. Which was the best part. And it was. It was fast, and then we were in it. Pelley you knew each other two weeks before you got engaged . Talulah musk Something Like that. Pelley what was so attractive . Talulah musk well, he was very charming, and definitely the most interesting and eccentric person i have ever met. Elon musk cheers and applause pelley tesla stock has rocketed up nearly 500 , but thats not based on the cars hes selling today. That price is counting on the hope that tesla will create an electric car at onethird the cost of the model s, which runs about 100,000. This is what stands in the way. This slab covered in plastic is the battery. So, this is essentially the bottom of the car. The front wheels would be there, the rear wheels would be right here. It fills up the entire bottom of the car. Elon musk thats right. Pelley this is how it fits into the bottom of the chassis. Trouble is, the batterys so expensive, musk cant build a 35,000 car with acceptable range. To make tesla successful, he must reinvent battery manufacturing. Musk has Just Announced a 5 billion factory to be built in the u. S. Which, he says, will make more lithium ion batteries than all the other plants on earth combined. Gambles like that have led a lot of people on wall street to bet against him, taking investment positions that count on tesla stock to fail. But so far, those pessimistic investors have lost a lot of money. What is it about you that seems to invite skepticism . Elon musk well, i think its because were doing these things that seem unlikely to succeed. And weve been fortunate, and at least thus far, they have succeeded. Just take a closer look. It works how you want to work. With a Fidelity Investment professional. Or managing your investments on your own. Helping you find new ways to plan for retirement. And save on taxes where you can. So you can invest in the life that you want today. Tap into the full power of your fidelity greenline. Call or come in today for a free oneonone review. Crestor got more highrisk patients bad cholesterol to a goal of under 100. Way to go, crestor yeah getting to goal is a big deal, especially if you have high cholesterol plus any of these risk factors. Because you could be at increased risk for plaque buildup in your arteries over time. So, when diet and exercise arent enough to lower cholesterol, adding crestor can help. Go, crestor oh, yeah [ female announcer ] crestor is not right for everyone, like people with Liver Disease or women who are nursing, pregnant, or may become pregnant. Tell your doctor about other medicines youre taking. Call your doctor right away if you have muscle pain or weakness, feel unusually tired, have loss of appetite, upper belly pain, dark urine, or yellowing of skin or eyes. These could be signs of rare but serious side effects. Crestor yes [ female announcer ] ask your doctor about crestor. If you cant afford your medication, astrazeneca may be able to help. Silly question. I want an oven roasted chicken on wheat and pile on those veggies tomatoes green peppers ooh and spinach and the spinach thats what this muppet most wanted. Its nice getting exactly what you want. And you know how i just love my greens. Oh. Sheesh. [ male announcer ] at subway, you can make your own super tasty sandwich just the way you say. And you can see disneys muppets most wanted, only in theatres, rated pg. Subway. Yum yum fresh. All right, buddy. All right. Here we go again. You ready . Ready. Focus on the ball, all right . Nice. Nice. Very nice. [ male announcer ] give your backyard a fresh new look this spring. Right now get 20 off all patio cushions and pillows. Pelley now, wynton marsalis, jazz great and cbs news cultural correspondent on assignment for 60 minutes. Marsalis whos the greatest american musician most people have never heard of . To me, its Marcus Roberts. Im biased, because marcus worked in my band when he was just starting out. But anybody whos heard him at the piano usually agrees hes a fearsome and fearless player, and a homegrown example of overcoming adversity with excellence. Marcus went blind when he was five years old, and soon began trying to make sense of life in the darkness. He was unusually curious, and even tore his toys apart just to find out how they worked. Marcus roberts developed a powerful analytical intelligence, capable of producing music that will move your mind as well as your body. The story of his genius begins with a precious gift from his parents, a piano. Marcus roberts i remember coming home from school one day. I walked in the house. I had no idea they had the piano, and i actually ran into it. laughter i said, what is this . And then, i figured it was a piano. I swear, thats, like, one of the most, like, gratifying, exciting days of my life. Please help me welcome to the stage, Marcus Roberts marsalis the good lord giveth, he taketh away. Marcus roberts lost his sight, but gained a rare insight into the soul of american music. Hes a virtuoso, a monster musician. Hes an icon to a whole generation of jazz players not just a thrilling performer, but a composer, too, of innovative modern music who remembers, as a kid, picking out songs he heard on the radio. Roberts like, for example, stevie wonders tune i wish. Marsalis well, let me hear the right hand with the left hand. So, did you ever feel some type of kinship or relationship to stevie because he also was blind . Roberts i think so. Marsalis in childhood, he taught himself the basics, playing with four fingers on each hand because no one told him you could use the thumb. Some dedicated music teachers straightened him out along the way. And after years of practice and sheer determination, marcus today is a walking encyclopedia of americas jazz heritage, with the d. N. A. Of pianists long gone in his fingertips. We gave him a musical test play a familiar tune in different styles. Roberts lets take america the beautiful, for example. Marsalis first, as it might have been played by erroll garner, a legend from half a century ago. What about james p. Johnson . In the early 20th century, johnson took ragtime and made it swing. What about Thelonious Monk . Monk was the modernist, the picasso of the piano. What about duke . Roberts duke would be kind of. Marsalis he heard duke ellington, one of the pillars of american music, on the radio in 1975, and it changed his life. Roberts they were playing catch the a train. Marsalis catch the a train . Roberts yeah. I mean, thats what i used to call it. Marsalis take the a train you called it catch the a train . Roberts thats what i called it back then, yeah. Take the a train. Marsalis hearing ellingtons band, Louis Armstrong and other jazz greats, 12yearold Marcus Roberts was hooked, compelled to figure out the sounds he heard, taking them apart as hed done with his toys. Roberts it was just swinging. There was a quality to it that made me feel good. Like, figuring it out, something about that made me feel better about myself. Marsalis nearly 40 years later, hes at the top of his game, improvising here on the music of jazz legend chick corea. The way marcus gets around the keyboard even amazes other pianists, including corea himself. Chick corea marcus embodies a perfect kind of art, in my mind. You can see that marcus absorbed a lot of the history of music, but then comes with a rendition that is completely Marcus Roberts. plays rhapsody in blue cheers and applause marsalis for instance, this performance a few years back that marcus calls one of the greatest experiences of his life, playing his take on George Gershwins rhapsody in blue with the berlin philharmonic and conductor seiji ozawa before 18,000 people. A lot of its improvised, spur of the moment. Gershwin, not a bad pianist himself, would have been knocked out. cheers and applause marcus grew up in jacksonville, florida, across the tracks from downtown and deep in the hood, where his mother still lives. As a little kid, wherever there was a piano, hed try to unlock the mystery of the keys. So his mother and his father, a longshoreman down on the jacksonville docks, scrimped and saved for that piano marcus could call his own. Coretta roberts he went right to it, and went to playing mary had a little lamb. laughs marsalis his mother coretta is sightless, too, blinded by glaucoma. She remembers the pain of having to leave school in the seventh grade because she couldnt see the blackboard. Coretta roberts it was just like i had lost a loved one or something. Marsalis and by the time he was five, severe cataracts blinded marcus as well. How did your parents explain your blindness to you . Roberts they really didnt explain it. They just taught you how to do stuff for yourself. That was the main thing. Marsalis marcus told me that you were never about selfpity or feeling bad about yourself. Coretta roberts oh, no, no. laughs i got adjusted to it and accepted it as it was gods will. Roberts she showed you by example. I mean, she could do a lot of stuff that to this day i cant really do. Like, she can iron clothes, she can cook, she knows how to, like, run a household. Marsalis he taught himself enough to get his first gig at the silas missionary baptist church, on this very piano. Its out of tune but still quite soulful. Sister murray i remember him. Marsalis sister murray used to lift marcus up on the piano bench. His mama said, when he first started playing, he didnt sound good. Murray ooh. He got better. He could really play and he could sing. Marsalis oh, he could sing at the same time . Murray oh, yeah. Marsalis and then, where you hold chords out is real important in gospel music. So theyll be playing. He learned the gospel style music for praise, for consolation, and for teasing a few more coins into the collection plate. When you really wanted the church to get more intensity, give me an example of something you would do to have some intensity to it. Roberts maybe Something Like that. laughs marsalis when marcus was ten, his parents sent him to the Florida School for the deaf and blind, down the road in st. Augustine, where a music teacher, also blind, changed his life. Hubert foster introduced marcus to bach and beethoven. Thats marcus on the sax. Foster taught him more about jazz, and how to read musical scores in braille. Roberts he was an amazing man. His biggest point was that, he just said, look, you dont want to be ignorant, because if you add ignorance with not being able to see, youre going to have a rough life. laughs he said, thats not going to work out for you. Marsalis so you embraced education . Roberts yeah, absolutely. I didnt want to be participating in this noble savage notion of being an artist who doesnt really know what hes doing. Marsalis we took marcus back to the school for a homecoming with some of the people who knew him as a kid, like vicky palmer. Vicky palmer he was just a good, genuine young man. Every time i hear his name, i say, oh, that was one of my students. plays sweet Georgia Brown marsalis for the current crop of blind music students, we put in a good word for jazz. Marcus remembers being inspired here by a visiting musician long ago. We figured we might just do the same. I was wondering. Marsalis one young man wanted some pointers, and played us a tune he liked. He soon found himself in a duet with the master. Roberts the same way that this young man came up and had the courage to come down and play, thats the same courage that you all have to have when you go out into the world. You got to go out into the world with confidence, but you want as much information as you can get your hands on. Marsalis information learning is at the heart of marcuss world. He travels with various devices that let him email, surf the web, even write music in braille. And he has a devoted band of Young Musicians who record and perform with him. Ricardo pascal decided to give up Computer Science and study instead with marcus. Ricardo pascal hes one of the patriarchs right now of this music. play happy birthday marsalis back in jacksonville, we celebrated his 50th birthday, making him an official elder statesman of jazz. The mother who told him to find success in adversity was there. And so was the spirit of the father who did without, so marcus could have that piano. And for the man who can play just about anything, we had one more challenge. One final test for you. Roberts laughs marsalis art tatum. Roberts oh, no. Good lord. Okay. Marsalis what you got . plays someone to watch over me art tatum was probably the greatest jazz piano virtuoso ever. In the tatum style, marcus plays the gershwin tune someone to watch over me, remembering the parents, teachers, and fellow musicians who watched over him and set him on his way. Can anyone top tatum . Never, says marcus. Roberts but you know what . Its about the search for it. The search for that higher level of virtuosity, that higher level of intimacy with music. If you are one of the lucky ones to be able to do what you actually want to do, then you are blessed. cheers and applause what happens when two jazz greats sit down for an interview . Go to 60 minutes overtime. Com sponsored by lyrica. That it felt like i had hot pins and needles coming from the inside out of my skin. When i did go see the doctor and he said, i think i can help you and prescribed lyrica. It helped me. [ male announcer ] its known that diabetes damages nerves. 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