So. 6 the. A kooky. I need. Something like need to tell you. What. It's about. Patrick. He's not real son. He's not your real son. What do you mean he's not. Very. Well. Believe. He. Let's. See. Your. Whole. Food. It's is a robust to be here again maybe this would just feel very place to be able to keep coming back here seeing our friends see new people and for young people to be here we had someone is an awesome occasion. So let's have a good Monday to. Check . That. This. Is. These Me Me. Me. Me. Let's. Talk. Let's go. To. The trouble. But. What. Comes. Leg This is. We. Welcome to radio this week. Our 1st guest. Biologist react to his findings on extinction that type of shocked me now I get bad news every day the world is in an extinction spiral right now and environmental degradation is happening across the board and I'm just I'm not just talking about climate change I'm talking about deforestation and pollution and feral species and races species the loss of insects it to the list goes on climate change is a very. Strong stress in a system that's already highly stressed but when we did this point I had to sit back and go wow I did not expect it to be this bad now there's even a scary story and all this to me that just means that you know from these kinds of models and what we know about the fossil record that we are pushing dangerously close to extinction event that would. Certainly see our extinction but probably most most other species will life persist Of course it will will there be species afterwards yes but we might talk about millions of years of regeneration and speciation. That is Dr Corey Bradshaw coming up in just a few seconds later you hear a great new action song from Sweden fold but an intimate shot with one of the foremost climate scientists in the world Dr Phil Jones from the University of East Anglia in the u.k. I'm Alex Smith this is free climate radio in a world running out of time. We are living in a time of mass extinction of species large and small How serious is that what are the rules of extinction to scientists Italian and destroy in investigated that their study published in Nature November 28th seen contains unpleasant surprises Our guest is Dr Corey Bradshaw he is the Matthew Flinders fellow in Global Ecology at Flinders University in some of the straw Corey has published at least 300 papers and 3 books his latest is the effect of scientist a head to guide to a successful academic career that's published by Cambridge University Press in March 28th from Adelaide Cory Bradshaw welcome to radio eco shock thank you for having me looking over your past papers extinction is not a new subject for you what stimulated you and Giovanni stronger to investigate biological collapse in your recent paper. There's actually an interesting story behind this paper that probably escaped most people's attention so what happened was we were you know going through our normal sort of daily routines a couple years ago and came across a paper that had just been published in the same journal back scientific reports which is and Nature Journal that said that the earth can take a lot of shocks and yes you might lose a lot of species but there are a few species out there that are what we call extremophiles and they can live in extreme environments that would kill most other beings so you think of things like the deep vent giant worms that grow in the bottom of the sea floor so for places like the Mid Atlantic Ridge or you can think about certain types of bacteria but there's one species in particular that is I guess a bit notorious for its ability to be an extreme far Milton's a tidy grades with Totty grades Ah for most people might not know that word it that little water bears is the more common name in English more or less microscopic animals that tend to live in the soil the beautiful animals of bizarre looking things like the kind of the cute and cuddly when you put them under a microscope they don't really have a joy they have a sort of circular a picture that with teeth like structures around it and they have these little hook claws and a fat little squishy body they're very cute but what these things can do is they can desiccate that it's dry out they can be exposed to extreme heat or extreme cold the anyone Schuman the space and they can survive so the office of this particular paper took these what we call thermal tolerances these temperature the ability to withstand extreme temperatures and tested what these tigers are able to do and it's true you can put them through all sorts of horrible conditions and they they can survive So could their conclusion was that the earth could you know be hit by medio or go through a nuclear winter or heat up by 50 degrees and you'd still have Tigranes around everything else would be gone but Tiger has to be around now that's interesting if you look simply from the physiological perspective but as an ecologist and several of my colleagues including Giovanni said don't. It is a bit ridiculous because Tigranes don't live in a vacuum they have to eat things and they have to survive within ecosystems right so we said well what would be the kinds of extinction rates that one might expect if we did what we should do is link all of the species together and what we call food webs these networks these ecological networks of who each whom we can add more things than just the eating component you can think think of things like competition or pollination species depend on each other predators depend on their prey flowering plants depending on the pollinators and so on and so forth and so we did we basically decided to generate these virtual to use computers to so obviously it's a simplification to a certain extent because we can't model every species on the planet but we did create a virtuous that had the same kind of characteristics as ecosystems do today and when we pushed the system to towards a heating event well towards a cooling event for the heating events you know synonymous with things like climate change or cooling could be something like a and.