Inventors entrepreneurs and high Tech Professionals talk about their visions successes and day to day business to friends. Its. History you know everyone. Sees the mouth of the fish. I was trying to. Get you to africa starts december twelfth w. Hello and welcome to tim origin coming up on this weeks edition. Troubled times for treat bruce is a major source of word but Climate Change could put an end to that research is and now looking for alternative sources of timber. Virtual heart new drugs could soon be tested on a computer rather than animals or humans scientists are recreating the heart in digital form. And mass exodus what happens when lots of people try to evacuate an area one. Model. Mathematics is still dominated by Ned The Fields Medal which is widely considered the highest accolade for discoveries that now has only been awarded to one woman. Who were a new mary. In Two Thousand And Fourteen but even in ancient times there were outstanding Phenol Mathematicians like Hypatia Of Alexandria she gave public lectures and was highly celebrated math has all kinds of applications so how about the mathematics of escape. One moment today is studying. Get custer and her Team Research peoples behavior on Evacuation Routes theyre doing an experiment first they set up a camera to capture data how long do people need to go up or down a flight of stairs. Surely those who in general walk faster will be quicker going up stairs to and overtake slower people write. Well not necessarily. The results of his little experiment indicate the assumption is wrong and that has implications for simulating and designing every accusation routes. We already know that people tend to slow down but what weve observed is that they tend to align themselves in a more orderly fashion and that theres less overtaking. For Evacuation Routes via stairs this means that bottlenecks may develop at different places than previously expected. The team also made another discovery in an emergency not everyone runs as fast as they can. To mention mine something to follow when people are in danger as a group they identify with each other and most will help others because of this feeling of being in it together at the minds of if the simulation has everybody running with only him or herself in mind and without stopping to check if anyone is injured then its plain wrong. Psychologists are found out that at least sixty percent of people will help others when necessary carrying or supporting children and adults who are injured family stick together that means it may take longer for people to escape in an emergency but more people actually get out. To cases for whats new is that we mathematicians are working with such data. The teens Computer Simulations now incorporate these insights into human behavior. Cust is developing a Virtual Reality app to visualize and simulate danger zones and Crowd Behavior in them its intended for the police or bar managers and should help them devise ways to reduce the risks by say assigning stewards at the right spots. People react best when spoken to directly even if theyre drunk for example and in a critical situation when you need to get people out talking to them is far better than say posting a sign it. Suggests that Making Spaces safer might not always have to involve Building Work enough Security Personnel clearly visible. Suffice to ensure that everyone remains safe where large crowds gather. Safety also has a major role in medicine when approving new drugs for example to minimize risks and side effects new active ingredients are tested on animals as well as human. Trials can take a long time and many people find Animal Testing on Ethical Research isnt now creating a virtual hard model which would help them test drugs on a computer instead of living beings. The virtual heart is the work in progress at the Pharma Companies Research Center in germany. Human heart a retreat from the deep freeze for experiments. Scientists here are investigating why they work the way they do and how. Theyre all timid objective is for Animal Testing for new medication to be replaced with simulations. After Briefly Thawing out the heart cells start to beat again and how its been that the heart contains many millions of Heart Muscle Cells which are extremely varied all those differences are due to the Electrical Properties of the Cell Membranes the electric. Ran we have to measure those properties in a large number of individual cells in order to understand how the organ as a whole functions is the groundsman can. Cost and his team measure the passage of electrical signals emitted by the cells that lead to the contraction of the heart muscle they can detect currents of just a few billions of an amp those minute differences influence how cells behave the researchers can see which levels of electrical current lead to which properties they data from real cells is the basis for simulating the entire organ thats where the math comes in experts at one hundred university in stuttgart analyze the data to formulate Differential Equations the next step toward the goal of virtual medication testing. Testing is currently still on specific. A lot of active substances are classified as dangerous down even though thats not strictly true. Our aim is to perform least tests on a computer which will be able to simulate different scenarios. As the model for the simulation is based on the Laws Of Physics its very realistic. I can run various scenarios through the computer and make the Development Process easier to understand. The virtual heart is not yet complete due to the complexities involved in simulation the mathematicians who conduct repeated checks to see whether their model heart arrives at a different result to the real orgon. Medicine could for example influence the progress of the cells electrical signals and cause heart. The mathematician simulate this by computing a range of current levels to see whether the medication could have negative effects. Currently testing is carried out on animals and on humans which is very expensive and time consuming and also comes with ethical issues this mathematical model of the cellular system is already very advanced. Its expected that mathematical tests will be incorporated into the Testing Process in three or four years time that would mean Lower Development cost and no more ethical issues. In the meantime the mathematicians are continuing their experiment to confirm their simulation for individual cells and then transfer it to the entire heart further increasing the accuracy of their virtual heart. The model will aid the development of new medication in less time at less cost and without Animal Testing. Now is something that will get the hearts of Science Fiction fans over the flatter. Huberts it gives talks explaining the Technology Used in classics like star wars could it become a reality find out more in this weeks web video. What the scientists make of the Science Behind Star Wars Sabers wielded to cut down enemies with lethal light seriously. That some destroy the southeast rather called life savers because they glow not because its actually light and if you couldnt use a Laser Pointer to fight either. You have Something Like a light saber did exist it would be made of plasma a very hot ionized gas and with that you would be able to cut through things the money and often its a life. And theres no way you could fit the Massive Energy required into the state has helped this problem is everywhere whatever technology whether its beaming warp drive or like save us the energy is pivotal and. Moving on to transportation would it be possible to zip through a galaxy as easily as they do in star wars in star wars at the filmmakers gave no thought to how that could actually work nobody but talk about traveling at one and a half times the speed of light but even at that speed it would take ages to cross a galaxy and buys around One Hundred Fifty Thousand years apparently but how about long speed as a whole the boards at least they might really work right in the script microscope it is possible to build over boards that float you either use air pressure or superconductivity at some politician. In twenty fifteen lexus used Superconductive Technology to develop a prototype hoverboard based on my kinetic levitation. So overall a whole lot of star wars science doesnt work in real life. But dont let that be a downer while enjoying the movies. There are countless planets in the Star Wars Universe some more realistic than others. The death of planets that irene looks like you get the same kind of windy weather we have on earth one viewer bismark the tumor had a question about. Where does wind come from. The. Wind is moving air and theres usually a lot of it over the sea what makes it blow is that the air over the land heats up faster than the air over the water. The Warm Air Rises while the cool air over the sea flows in to fill the space the air pushed out over the water cools down and sinks and its this circulation of masses of there that produces wind. From the lightest breeze to devastating hurricanes. Large scale movements of air known as Atmospheric Circulation effect weather patterns around the planet without these winds the equator would continue to heat up and the polar regions would cool further. Atmospheric circulation also brings dust from the sahara to South America the people of the sahara struggle to keep the desert sand in place but the wind blows it where it will the sahara dust often ends up in their homes while the sirocco wind for example picks it up and propels it to europe this hot desert wind is part of a regional one system over and around the mediterranean another wind in the region is the burra which features some of the fastest gusts in the world. The idea of using the force of the wind as a source of energy goes back to ancient times the first windmills may have been built over Four Thousand years ago and today wind is a vital source of Renewable Power its all because the air just cant keep still if our plan is read write our bridge but im leaving you. Do you have a Science Question that youve always wanted answered were happy to help out if senator us as a video takes over or smell if we answer it on the show well send you a little surprise as a thank you can just ask. Find us a d w Dot Com Slash Science or drop us a line at d w underscore site tech on facebook d w dot science. When help says to produce green energy All Over The World but there are lots of alternative Energy Sources like giant solar panels on hydroelectric power stations electricity can also be generated from the biomass of Sustainable Growth materials like great seed and corn but wouldnt it be even more practical if we could produce our own electricity at home that very thought gave one inventor an idea. Gets a warm sunny day in Northern Germany that in his house is a. To fire up the wood burning stove. Its not so much about heating up his living room he wants to show off his latest invention. In congress delivers a combined heat and power plants that produces electricity toward. C. H. P. Generators are nothing new what is new is the way this one works burning wood to produce electricity without the help of a turbine but by means of thermoelectric generators an array of tiny thermocouples. Theyre made up of two plates each a different metal alloy with different Electrical Conductivity if one is hotter than the other that difference is converted to electricity as Charge Carriers flow from the hot side to The Cold Side. Force every if someone uses this model to show how it works some of the generators are attached to the underside of an aluminum plate that connected by a cable to the electric fan mounted on the model plane. Yeah you got in front you have i simply put my hand on top of the body he transfers to the module of the norman The Cold Side is the big block of aluminum underneath i mean your Sword Temperature Difference is what makes the rotor spin. Between because thats what. Nasa has used this kind of technology for ages the voyager one space probe launched in One Thousand Nine Hundred Seventy Seven is powered by thermoelectric generators but still work after all this time. Then a certificate in work for forty years in space and that must be useful on earth and. Thats precisely what hes demonstrated by developing his special stoves. Its walls contain a hundred thermoelectric generators. The temperature inside is about Three Hundred degrees celsius the states ulta walls are cooled by water flowing through a series of cheap and hitting if not Temperature Differential that generates the electricity thanks to the magic of the thermocouple. Two hundred thirty watts also are enough to power a large refrigerator and the lamps throughout the house every son has installed about three to store the power produced. Spec wins haagen is an architect with a special interest in Energy Efficiency he wants to check out the stuff. Hes always on the lookout for innovations that might contribute to sustainability. Yes its definitely for me for me this is a first ive never seen anything quite like it im familiar with would guess if You Cation Furnace is and they work very well over the community but this combination producing energy at home is really new noise. As a prelude to the Demonstration Ericsson switches off the mains supply. Now theres no power from the mains thats why the. Light is off. Then if a son fires up the stove. Dries ing it was a zero whats a moment ago now were at three if we were ten more minutes well be at around two hundred watts if your son or a man dont forget all this from firewood just ward not oil or gas. Ten minutes after the fire was lit the refrigerator is plugged into a socket connected directly to the special start. The fire is burning bright under lectures the t. Is flowing. Really the most fun the moment of truth. And it works. As even far as it is a very promising and Interesting Technology well be hearing more about it like. Erikssons Company Already manufactures and sells the stave he says theres lots of interest and he gets inquiries from All Over The World. Climate change is a Global Crisis we already know many of the causes. And the consequences like floods and droughts which could also have severe implications for the Timber Industry. Researches in switzerland by doing a long term study on Tree Varieties to see which ones have the best chance of survival. The impact of Climate Change is particularly severe in switzerland the average temperature has risen by two degrees celsius since records began more than twice the global average Scientists Say it could rise by up to six degrees by the end of the century switzerlands forests are under threat one growing danger is the lack of water leading to drought stress. Stephan fluking manages the forest some less if youve been on nola and in the center of the country hes pessimistic. Climate change means that some tree species are no longer suited to this area in the long term during the dry Summer Season beech trees can no longer draw the water up to their crowns the trees then begin to draw it from the top downwards. While the lowlands do still have areas with good Growth Conditions for the beach here mark green by the end of the century many will be in a far worse than state mount read the best conditions then will only be found at high altitude. And its a similar situation with a spruce tree of vital importance for the european Timber Industry it will likewise struggle to grow at lower elevations. Steffen few concerns for his forests prompted him to calculate their projected Development Two years ago. He used the results to draw up a plan for the future. The concept is to introduce Natural Regeneration wherever we have climate compatible tree species. And in other places we need to plant those types to at least ensure there are durable tree species there in the future. Forest does have a responsibility to plan for the next generation or so during. An approach that is welcomed by the likes of peter byrne he heads the Major Research program founded by switzerlands environmental and Forest Research authority its objective is to provide forest is like Stephan Field with strategies for the forests of the future. Almost all have to constantly keep Climate Change in mind. This is a factor with a real impact a tree that regenerates today will probably be exposed or have to be exposed to the climate at the end of the twenty First Century thats something you have to incorporate. What stefan flukey goes certainly does every decision he makes has just the one purpose to reinforce the forest and minimize risks that claim of a Climate Change is happening and is already impacting on our work today determines what our work consists of. And sometimes that also means cutting down entire swathes of old trees next spring hell be planting oh and other climate compatible trees here in areas where the Tree Population is still in a healthy condition he does what he can to boost the growth of the strongest and most promising tree. Any trees standing in the way of that on the taking all removed the strength the noose the resistance of the individual trees and such of the entire forest. The forest that has also reduced the time he leaves until harvesting as his trees do not grow too fake or too old theyre less vulnerable its a strategy that also benefits the structure of the forest space previously taken up by older trees is now available for the young saplings succeeding that. Their resulting forest comprises trees in a range of different heights and ages the chances of some of the trees withstanding extreme some a drought or a storm considerably greater and with a bit of luck this will in turn improve Species Diversity a further safeguard for the future. Didnt fermions if they all were removing these old trees because we already have a climate compatible next generation Underneath Waiting for sufficient light silver furs and some oaks as well both a species that will have no problem coping with the Temperature Increase of two to four degrees over the next fifty years able to push their research as peter bang says theyre both opes and silver ferns are sound option. We are human so we do think here the oaks we have here have an innate ability to cope with dry conditions for three thought. Thats what makes this species fit for the future for a huge east. But a broad diversity of species is crucial not just oaks and silver firs for peter pan that also means looking further afield and not just within switzerland or europe. But thats more than they can most people have to bear in mind that our approaches towards Tree Diversity and nature in general need rethinking. And that also includes options such as incorporating tree species from overseas. And to pretty. From turkey for example which is where the cedar trees hail from some of drought and excessive heat pose no threat to their species. Because. These imported species do have disadvantages that right now they can be sensitive to frost. Such as the cedar. Saw they might not yet have adapted to the snow. Thats why were testing the species on this patch because we cant say yet whether theyll thrive here. Trying is testing six imported varieties for their viability. But the idea of introducing foreign species is a controversial one the douglas fir for example is considered an adequate substitute for the spruce but Conservation Groups say it reduces biodiversity and carries the risk of becoming invasive concerns that apply for all imported species. Forest says stefan filthy is aware of that potential threat but the prospect of losing his forest to Climate Change is in his eyes the greatest danger. If we keep an eye on Survey Results but regenerating the next generation is something that cant wait until the research is completed so weve planted species here that we assume will be climate compatible like the douglas fir. And some nondomestic species of opportunity. A carefully planned multinational tree planting scheme to make his Forest Fitter for the future. Feed grass meadows protect coastlines but theyre under threat researches want to combat the problem with an artificial alternative it would provide real plants with protection until they can recover but is it a viable solution more on that next time. Until then. The be. The. Odd couple. Of. Blocks. From her. Body mobility for Cleaning Modern Society Pod but how green is Production Model or batteries mean more demand for raw material saddam and more mining means more destruction and exploitation of the law. The be true cost of electric cars moving the fifteen. Dollars. The fast pace of life in the digital globe just as the lowdown on the web showing new developments and providing useful information though with these flames and interviews with makers and users. Should include five minutes. Enter the Conflict Zone with Tim Sebastian. Ill be challenging those in power asking tough questions demanding answers. As comforts intensify ill be meeting with keep players on the ground in the senses of. Cutting through the rhetoric holding the conference to account facts of the Conflict Zone. Conflict zone with Tim Sebastian thrun t. W. I dont think you have to look at me because sometimes i am but i stand up in which is that the german thinks deep into the german culture of looking at stereotypes the question that any of think the future of the country guy not the time. Needed to be picked for this drama. Its all about a new guy my job join me from the gentleman from d w post. If you ever have to cover up a murder the best way is to make it look accidents raring to. Never read a book like this one. Which missed the german streets. Russia