Artificial intelligence is making rapid strides theres talk of a new evolution that could fundamentally change life on our planet. Artificial intelligence has the potential to revolutionize every aspect of daily life work mobility medicine the economy and communication. But will ai really make medicine better and doctors superfluous when will self driving cars hit our roads. Will intelligent robots usurp our jobs and only heading for a dystopia with no privacy and total surveillance. What exactly is Artificial Intelligence and how much can it really do. What will change and what will remain pure fantasy. To answer these questions. Sions we embarked on an exciting journey to meet the scientists working on our future in the u. S. Britain germany and china. Our 1st stop Silicon Valley in California Apple google and facebook all have their headquarters here its the epicenter of the digital revolution. The Tech Industry has changed the face of the San Francisco bay area new start up companies launched every day rents have exploded in Artificial Intelligence is the buzz word. A new type of supermarket recently opened its doors here. Amazon go. All you need here is an app. Hold your mobile phone to the scanner and youre in. Has leonarda shows me amazons new menus and explains that the language assistant alexa can help with the preparation at home im under constant surveillance. Which shelf do i stop. Which products and my interest in and. On the ceiling sensors and cameras. Intelligent Image Recognition captures my every move whats my take off the shelf what do i put back and what do i take with me. This branch is still in its test phase but amazon plans to open 50 such Grocery Stores this year alone. The end of the Sales Assistant just walk out no more standing in line no cashiers. I feel a bit like a shoplifter as i leave. Comfort at the cost of privacy. My receipt. One block away the robot cafe. Another test lab for the future. Order by apple and touchscreen. The increasingly ubiquitous tools of trade. My 1st ever cup of coffee served by a robot. So this is the taste of the future. A i will change our Shopping Experience but what will happen to employees. Stanford university is at the forefront of Global Ai Research with an annual budget of 6500000000. 00. I want to know how will Artificial Intelligence change medicine. Researchers here have developed an Artificial Intelligence algorithm that can screen x. Rays for certain diseases. Computer scientist chrono of raj poor car shows me how easy it is to use take a picture of an x. Ray with your mobile phone upload the image and a few seconds later you get the diagnosis. Has some mass and its saying this thing over here is a possibly cancerous lesion and i can see that right over here ok so it gives me have a look at it now probability form. Unarguable they do a fusion and that goes back yeah now home test this work i mean how did you get to the point we started with a large data set of just some trace which releases by the end i and these contain the x. Rays of the muscle labels of different pathologies remember they existed and those extra set might say ok heres an emanation on this imagine i have a college you want to input and we had 100000 of these images. So we trained a model that can take and has an input in x. Ray and then ill put the probability of several different pathologies on this x. Ray. Artificial intelligence is modeled on the human brain a Gigantic Network of almost 100000000000 interconnected neurons. Put in very simple terms this is how a brain cell works incoming impulses are passed in a domino effect from one neuron to the next. The resulting circuit connects the neurons and it is this circuit that Artificial Intelligence tries to simulate as a digital neural network. Like our brains the network can learn how to identify tuberculosis for instance. First the Network Needs to be trained or taught x. Rays of tuberculosis patients are fed to the system. Initially it struggles to correctly identify the condition. But every time an x. Ray is fed in the Network Structure is adapted and its diagnostic ability improves. It takes thousands and thousands of Clinical Data sets to train the machine. Only after the network is optimized in this way can it correctly identify an unknown x. Ray. But how accurate is Artificial Intelligence compared to a doctors expertise. We have actually done this test twice of this point once with a set of studies. And i state a set that we had a radiologist label and then we compare the accuracy of the model to the radiologists and we found that they were very similar in terms of accuracy on most pathologies on one of them the model was performing the radiologist not the radiologist where on the model and then we repeated the experiment this time using a dataset from stanford which we recently released which is 200000 chest x. Rays and then we had a similar set up where we had subspecialty radiologists these are very uncommon very trained radiologists to decide what the ground truth for a particular set of images was and then we compared general radiologist to the algorithm at the task and found that they had similar levels of formants so these are all stanford radiologists so theyre that theyre trained should be good you have the. Reading x. Rays accurately is a complicated process but Artificial Intelligence is making fast progress. When it comes to identifying and recognizing simple images computers have surpassed human accuracy. Now if you look at your picture its always probabilities so there are cases where the machine is not really sure what what would be sort of a clear decision to say ok this is i dont know pneumonia or Something Else i think i mean i think its good to talk in terms of probabilities because probabilities also give us. How the models uncertainty on that particular problem i think one difficulty with probabilities is that it does make it hard for humans to interpret what is a probability of 88 percent versus 92 percent i mean in terms of the decision i should make in the clinic and so i think in that sense one of the things that we could experiment with doing in the future is rather than showing probabilities that are so fine grained maybe we can show things like unlikely or this pathology is likely or this pathology is. A possible. In health care Artificial Intelligence is powering a revolution scientists are using Artificial Intelligence algorithms to sift through seemingly banal data such as the up and down motion of the steps we take every day. Theyre looking for conspicuous patterns that could serve as Early Warning signs of disease. Scientists in the english city of birmingham are working on a revolutionary diagnostic method. To date there are no specific tests to detect parkinsons disease making diagnosis difficult. Ai could change that max little is a mathematician at aston university. Just voice changes can be an early indicator of parkinsons max and his team collected thousands of vocal recordings and fed them to an algorithm they developed which learned to detect differences in voice patterns between people with and without the condition. In a lab based study of the recordings the algorithm was able to correctly identify a parkinsons diagnosis nearly 99 percent of the time. Max littles work is an example of the far reaching changes ai is bringing to the field of medicine its no longer just doctors who are using Artificial Intelligence to develop new diagnostic methods but data scientists programmers and mathematicians like max. One example when a person walks sensors in their smartphone register the up and down motion of their gait. But what information can be gleaned from such data. If we measured a pattern of someones walking behavior then someone who is healthy might have might measure the x. Or to look like that ok so its just the sort of move you would have if you had the hips going up and down regularly with only that pace. But if you looked at somebody or parkinsons disease they may have small steps like this and they may be irregular or they may have patterns like that they may even freeze and stop like that so you you can see that theres a different theres a difference so you can also now train an algorithm for instance to pick up features like what is the distance between the time distance between these these peaks and you can also do the same with this very precisely and by doing so we may be able to measure for instance that here that as large variability between these the advantage of the algorithm really comes when. The for instance you might have somebody who is say who measures a pattern which looks like this and it might just be one small chain so the. Very very maybe not like that but sort of some very small variation thats right in the in the sequence of these in the timing of these events even to a professional eye because they dont have the level of precision they may not be able to detect that this is outside of the range of variation but of course an algorithm connected to a put High Precision sensor. Will you know will be able to determine a difference and in this case this person here may in france have a precursor symptom of the disease so this would mean that this person. With the help of an algorithm could be diagnosed as. Having parkinson whereas the doctor himself would make him out. That could for the 1st time make it possible to detect precursor symptoms of parkinsons and enable early intervention. But what else does the data on our smartphones reveal. Right now when you have already apps tracking your socalled activity yeah so in fact that. Might be are going to fare well the data potentially could be there thats right but there are ethics about whether we collect that kind of data and use it for these sorts of purposes clearly we cant just collect this data and start diagnosing people which threatens we should not know absolutely scored we could but we really wouldnt want to there are very good reasons not to do it and that there may be good reasons for doing it as well but thats the kind of thing that needs to be worked through in a proper regulated setting. After our interview next little tells me hes received several lucrative offers to join tech giants who smell new business opportunities. He turned them down. Artificial intelligence will undoubtedly improve doctors abilities to detect and diagnose disease. But amid all the opportunities offers theres an urgent need for regulation. We are on our way to china a country that has experienced breathtaking change in recent years. Its Capital Beijing is buzzing. The whole country is hungry for progress and is on a fast track to the future. Time seems to move faster here by the year 2030 china aims to be the Global Leader in the field of Artificial Intelligence. And theres a lot to indicate it will meet that goal because the government has bankrolled subsidy programs worth billions of euros. These robots arent assembling cars theyre the big attraction in beijing latest smart restaurant. They are in the kitchen. And automated waiters. I have a meeting here with the design researcher and. A former internet ambassador for the German Government shes currently spending a research semester at Tonga University in shanghai i asked her about her impressions of china. Is that were at a time that this is real hunger in the city and its super fun to talk to young people because they want to be the most of change they work day and night they have a new Work Life Balance model its called 996996 i thought what do you mean 96 and they said we work from 9 am to 9 pm 6 days a week. Thats the better model now because they used to just work nonstop. But no ones stopping no ones hitting the breaks they work like crazy because they want to bring about change as it is less of this restaurant cost 20000000. 00 which is the one restaurant i. Live invested this huge sum to digitize the entire operation with the. Artist robots serving the food the whole kitchen is digitized refrigeration is monitored supply chains are monitored there are dashboards for Everything Everything is connected here and thats where theyre testing what works and which aspects can be implemented in other restaurants of this chain of thought is a thats the idea here to just try things and to think big thing is is a cause i. Know i. Come. From so ill just help myself if i may. Be how many. Sincere. But what about privacy. As this isnt as bad as they seem to be a tradeoff between security and privacy on you often hear her ai has increased Public Safety for instance that is because it is surveillance cameras have dramatically increased the crime solving right. Its hard for us to relate to because privacy and personal rights are so important for germany. But here theres a different tradition and take on the issue of how its one thats all. Im fascinated by china but it also puzzles me. 2 how can we be reconciled the high civilization of ancient china and the modern industrial state with surveillance cameras everywhere. Along the Garden District in shenzhen. In the heart of chinas booming economic region north of hong kong we visit the smart city control center. A giant monitor displays the data of the entire district in real time. Numbers of new residents by neighborhood to plan schools water supply levels power outages. All this information is collected compiled and evaluated using Artificial Intelligence. The showcase project was developed with chinese tech giant huawei chief engineer chen bantay tells me the city now operates more efficiently. Ok stuff so what youre doing here is urban planning. Good yes all of the systems are a big help to the good of what he doesnt like movies are hospital beds. Moment right now there are 15000 doctors and nurses. And 7600 beds. Its ocean gently healthy or sick. A Smart Surveillance system scans the entire city illegal structures like this one on a roof are quickly identified and demolished. To me some of this feels like the backdrop to a Science Fiction movie. Employees with Live Streaming body cams inspect side streets. This is total surveillance. Chen shows me how cameras installed in restaurant kitchens even keep tabs on cleanliness. But doesnt the chef mind being monitored all the time. To play the role of do the system logs all the people who view the images anyone who looks at them without permission is punished. Between ingenue total transparency for the purpose of progress chen says residents of long gun district approved. Jaywalking is not allowed in offenders are immediately identified. Look here you jaywalk once and right away your social credit score drops. This degree of surveillance is unthinkable in the west but here in china they take a different view and say its driven a drop in crime. Thats what does it say here male youths without klauss you for. You yes yes suddenly youre a youth i dont know if you know me i love chinese facial recognition. You. A Transparent Society in the interest. Of efficiency. Some of this appears useful but do we really want to measure control and analyze everything just because its technically possible. Wont that inevitably lead us down a road to down a dictatorship. Maybe trust is better than smart control. Silicon valley a synonym for innovation and unlimited freedom. The biggest players in the field of ai are based here. But their headquarters are hidden behind in conspicuous low rise buildings. Facebook we use their services in trust them with our data but the company is impervious to the public. A selfie at the entrance gate is just about tolerated. Next door at apple the Visitor Centers 3 d. Model of the campus is as close as non employees can get to the new building. Whats going on inside. Its all confidential. We want to visit google here in california and requested an interview weeks before our arrival. But all we get are stalling tactics. Like these visitors who leaves us out in the cold. Apart from a small store this is the only visitor highlight accessible to the public. These android launch statues are even a designated location on google maps. Welcome to google. In the zia day of absolute space the east on the question it bets on that schiff is moving the European Union handing google a 2700000000. 00 antitrust find. These companies command growing power over our daily lives and growing political influence google spends more than 6000000 euros a year lobbying brussels alone the e used transparency register lists more than 200 meetings with google representative since 2014. Google is the busiest lobbyist in brussels. We finally get our interview not in california but in munich germany. d with one of the longest serving employees yes. How important is ai for google. Is so important to us that 2 years ago we rebranded our entire Research Division to google ai this cat ai drives a significant part of our Product Development. Ai above all it drives a significant part of our efforts to improve the quality of our products. Take Machine Translation through the use of machine algorithms that weve seen faster progress over the last 2 years than we did over the entire previous decade. Society will undoubtedly be propelled forward by the implementation of these services and the use of ai in the years to come from. Whats key is that its done responsibly under the principles of transparency we need to explain Health Things work why they are needed or peoples data goes how they can control it how they can delete it if they want to delete it or forward it to the user must have a control. But what about technologies like google home the smart microphone sitting in peoples living room. Google whom you have google home isnt used dropping theres a small chip on the device that listens out for the so called hot word so when its waiting for the command ok go or hey google ok and only then is the microphone switched on to send a voice command for search requests into the internet the google server. You can get them presents the results internet on. This like in so present this heist so as a science reporter im naturally curious about the future and theres this Patent Application from september 26th seen. Googles application gives a detailed account of what can be deduced from household noises how long we brush our teeth whether we argue or whether a housemate is ill. Its much more about capturing atmosphere and habits than words and its a google Patent Application that anyone can look up as a misuse or i dont know anything about this particular Patent Application we have a whole series of pet applications every year most of them are imaginary fictitious services which like in many other companies are never translated into real services. So i cant say anything about this particular patent at this point companies and since important its. Patents for imaginary fictitious services googles the e. U. Lobbying activities at least are an arguably real. The off how much does google intervene in the e. U. They have the think of i think the more important question is the one that lies between the lines namely how ethically does a company deal with Product Development and we have several rules according to principles that guide our own actions i know the research and Product Development that also guides our business decisions. And try them. On its home turf in the United States google is facing mounting political pressure in washington. We meet barry lynn head of the think tank open Market Institute he warns of the dangers posed by tech giants influence we need to know in our society that the people who bring information to the public sphere who talk to the press who talk to the representatives in congress that they represent their own selves that theyre speaking in their own name and not for someone else but theyre not stooges that theyre not puppets and the fact is today our society this is true here in washington as true in europe our society is filled with puppets with stooges who represent the interests of google and facebook and it was a. Given big tax monopoly power calls for regulation are growing louder in washington but when you have a monopoly whether its over retail whether its over serve then it means that the public doesnt actually have the ability to understand how that information is being used how that power is being used monopoly per se unless it is regulated closely by the public is a danger google means to take over the world they mean to direct our thoughts between person and person or communications between person in person and our dealings in business between personal corporation they mean to direct everything that they can and they want to. Know whats going on in our thermostats in our houses they want to know what were watching on t. V. They are at a level of hubris that even the stalinist could never have imagined. Pushing for Google Facebook amazon will the influence of tech giants continue to grow. What can be done to rein in their monopolies. One thing is clear Artificial Intelligence is consolidating their grip on power theres an urgent need to rethink antitrust policy. Mobility is another area in which ai is powering the march of innovation in the near future it could put self driving cars on city roads. But how realistic is this vision. Weve come to boston to the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of technology. Searched car im on is a leading expert in the field of self driving cars. He and his team are working on prototype Autonomous Vehicles. I think that weve nailed a couple items with computers and machines one is all of this mapping and localization all the Technology Works super well computer skin know where they are within centimeter maybe sometimes with a millimeter precision way more than what is required to drive computers are not able to look and understand that everybody elses but thats not thats not whats required for driving whats really required is to understand whats going to happen next in the next 3 seconds 5 seconds next minutes maybe something the next hour and so thats the key missing piece and the i think the problem there is that right now its very hard for you to describe to me how you understand whether or not a person is going to use the sidewalk or is going to use the cross will cross the street sometimes you look at the face of the person and that facial impression gives them away and you will slow down sometimes not they may be looking at the same direction they may be standing in the same location is just a little face impression maybe just the way they stand and unfortunately that kind of intuition gut feeling and so on is very hard for us to program into computers. It works in a simple Lab Environment but in real life settings the algorithms are still totally out of their depth not that that bothers advertisers. Our test drives were nothing but a series of glitches. An inexplicable emergency stop. And another one on the 2nd attempt. The sensors on this vehicle were overtaxed by a car parked on the curb. And its nominees and here this smart car overlooked a car veering into our lane. That didnt work. Talking to the mit engineers it becomes clear that to build a self driving Car Developers need to meet a massive scale of technical requirements. What i think about fully Autonomous Cars is that i think i was very surprised if it happens in less than time also i will be very surprised im a big believer id be very surprised if it doesnt happen in 20 to 30 years i think it will happen at some point but i do think that people really underestimate the kind of Technology Required to be built to make your car fully autonomous on the every condition every circumstance every whatsoever thats the very hard. Driving is not as trivial a process as you might think. And thats because you constantly have to watch whats going on around you. Cyclists pedestrians sometimes you have to 2nd guess does this guy want to cross the road or not the 4th or 5th its hard to imagine all that being calculated automatically. Of them with a self driving vehicle would have to be able to deal with all of this too here we have a truck doing a 3 point turn. Over but i may have to back up now if he doesnt make it. There she want to cross the road or not some people dont even wait on. The fully Autonomous Car is a distant dream but Driver Assistance Systems are already making our road safer. An accident film from a car a clipped with emergency brake assist. The sequence of events can be assessed in slow motion. The read be hit go ahead overlooks the upcoming traffic jam the brake lights appear but the distance sensor in this car registers to jam brakes and prevents a further collision. But which principles should guide decisions made by technology in an accident situation. In recent years Mits Media Lab has been addressing the ethical questions raised by Artificial Intelligence. What moral compass should future Smart Devices refer to. Is one of the worlds leading experts on such issues he and his team developed a survey called the moral machine to explore ethics for programming Autonomous Vehicles like in the event of an accident. Most of the time people dont remember anything people have no time to react everything happens very quickly so they just. Are surprised maybe they see something in front of them and they just swerve or some random direction or maybe they just freak out and press the brakes. So you cannot expect a human being to do the right thing. That exactly such a small time scale unless you know they made a decision before had like you know did they drink and drive or did they know that they were going to cross a red light and then you blame them but otherwise you cant really blame the humans but with a machine because of this beat of the electronics because the Autonomous Car is evaluating the environment you know millions of times per 2nd and then time goes much slower for the machine and its able to tell collate the situation and maybe recalculate the strategy and this is where we can make a potentially better judgment than the whatever random choice a human used to make in this situation now whether its better though is a very interesting question and its not obvious and lets see a case where we have people versus people so now we have. The vehicle has 2 people inside of it ok and its going to either swerve and hit the barrier so that people will die in the car or the car will go straight and kill the produce. Its a pedestrian is a who are crossing illegally but theyre also women. And these people in the car are males so now it gets very complicated very quickly do you prioritize women over a man or should everybody be the same should you prioritize but there strewn over passenger or not and should you take into account the fact that people are crossing illegally in this case ok so as you can see once you have multiple dimensions it becomes not obvious what the right thing to do is. A or b. Who should die the elderly lady crossing on red. Or the child in the self driving car what choice should the algorithm make the ads Online Survey presents respondents with various scenarios each with its own unique dilemma respondents are then asked to choose how they would want an algorithm to decide so as a result we have 40000000. 00 the citizens and theyre still counting from people all over the world and it enables us to start analyzing what the people agree on but also how do they differ. So does our culture influence our moral judgments. People always agree on saving more lives saving children or saving people who cross legally over people who dont cross legally and so on the most interesting part is you could pick a country like germany. And you could see how they compare to the global average you could see ok to the status its not really important but what you can see many is preferring. So if you dont have to if you prefer to just go straight yes which is the default dont take a decision exactly this means dont like to take a decision yes. Ask. Stone like. You said close your eyes and go and just go so so this means in other words can see the acceptance of the technology taking a decision and the more you say inaction means. Ok she faked. A comparison of germany and france reveals cultural differences the french tend to favor sparing women and theres a stronger focus on children. And contrary to germans the french dont want to leave things to fate they want the machine to make the decision. And their machine is kind of a mirror for the 1st time something that you did subconsciously or maybe instinctively in the case of an accident you know you can just act randomly now you have to make a conscious choice and the machine is forcing you to make a choice right so you cannot you cannot hand wave it because in the end you have to program something. Driverless cars arent yet ready for the road and ethical questions still about. Artificial intelligence harbors immense potential to benefit daily life medicine or mobility but we also need to look beyond the technical possibilities what any such progress sir its a question Artificial Intelligence algorithms cant answer only humankind can do that. Borderless 0. 0 precincts in northern ireland. For in texas pro and con. That rescuers undermine. Conflicts in Border Regions Healthy People deal with an. Hour special youre a supporter. In 90 minutes on d w. Grappling hooks subject. Expressed feelings. I am not very creative yet but i would like to be considered an artist mandate looking for new perspectives real to it and not the way that we play this break with the economy doing things differently. Come to the place where we reflect on society. March 21 to talk to w. Youre going to unofficial estimates more than 1200000 venezuelans live in colombia legally and illegally. Id return to venezuela. To visit friends is that i dont think id ever go back there to live you know what i live there again i dont know so im not sure. Bearing witness global news that matters. Made for mines. This is deja vu news live from berlin u. S. Lawmakers view what democrats are calling the troubling complaint that lost the congressional impeachment inquiry for the very 1st time members of Congress Afghan access to the whistleblowers report on president trumps conversation with his ukrainian counterpart how will congress assess the president abused his power. Also coming up a defiant Boris Johnson addresses the Reconvene Parliament on pledges once more to take the u. K. Out of the e. U
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