Were freed but they may have immigrated on their own to other countries in south america or some other place. Oh, sure. Yeah. You know my research was specifically on the confederados who immigrated to brazil, but there were some that did in fact, go to mexico, even though i it wasnt as inviting, it was geographically closer and other south american countries as well as britain and france and even africa. Theres a filmsfn . Ly. Its about a cold a former confederate soldier who becomes a professional line hunter in africa. A lot of the southerners ended up all over the place. There are all kinds of stories. Those kinds of disastrous disastrous occur at the end of war. That is part of the reason very reliable, which is part of shed the reason i think there hasnt been more Research Accomplished on the confederados. Although i challenge again, if there are students here and scholars, i challenge you to rs to re research in this area. I think its a very promising area of research, particularly if youre interested in pan americanism and speaking a little portuguese. Thank you so much, casey. Thank you patrick. Appreciate it. [ applause ]. Youre watching American History tv in primetime. Every weekend here on cspan 3, experience American History tv starting saturday at 8 00 a. M. And our primetime presentation continues wednesday with more from the seminar on theie 9 im amazed now to the degree to which primary voters on both sides are motivated by resentment and the sense of being put upon. And those people really dont understand us. And here is a guy who does understand us and he is going to stick it to him. That happens on both sides. Hillary clinton will give her own version of that kind of thing. And i dont think that that was actually true 30 years ago. I mean resentment has always been part of politics, obviously. But the degree to which its almost exclusively the motivating factor in truly committed republicans and democrats. Sunday night at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on cspans q a. American history tv recently visited the Longwood University in farmville, virginia for a seminar on the closing of the civil war in 1865. The program was cohosted by the university and courthouse National Historical park. Up next thank you, patrick. Our final speaker is christopher dockens. He is now Longwood University, he went here. You were one of the first male graduates, correct chris . Chris, as you all know has had a long career with the National Park service. He worked at appomattox and was chief of the interpretation at petersburg for many years. In 2008, he took over the position of mark manager battlefield creek park which is 15 minutes from here and really has been done an amazing job in revitalizing Sailors Creek. Hell be available tomorrow for some tours out there if anybody is interested once our sessions end tomorrow. Hes authored 12 books numerous articles. He is responsible for the latest retreat route where they have the pulloffs with the audio tapes you can listen to and has a booklet he did in relationship to that. He is actively involved in batterfield preservation and civil war sites particularly building up petersburg in the past getting a large amount of land for petersburg battlefield. Receive an award of merit in 2014 for the leadership in history awards by the committee. And again, author of numerous books and articles of sailor creek and appomattox. A new picture book that he was one of the coauthors of just recently. His talk tonight is entitled nine april days. Please welcome chris. [ applause ]. Well this is a deja vu for me. When i went to alongwood college back in the mid 1970s, as dr. Cole said one of the first males, we were day students, this stage here was used for all kinds of performances. When i was in the drama department, i worked the stage here with such groups as jo jo mvxp÷ historical park. I remember the fact that i didnt have a car i got to live in one of the actual houses in the park and one thing in particular i remember is a large number of staff at the park where these beautiful young ladies. I think appomattox county, has the best looking women ss per capita. I ended up falling for one of them. Went back to detroit and found out there was a job opening. I applied for it, got it and the day after christmas, 1971, i moved back. Unfortunately the young lady i was interested in was not interested in me. Or at least her parents werent. You got remember when i came down here, i had long hair and was from michigan. Any ways, i ended up marrying her dating her 15yearold cousin and that was 43 years ago. Weve been married that long. But any ways, when i was at appomattox at the National Park there, of course our story began in petersburg and went to appomattox itself. There wasnt much information about the final campaign of course, more commonly known as lees retreat. In factj only book that was published at that time that even attempted to give the story of those finalo u days was called to appomattox, nine april days. I use that as my talk today. This book is what inspired me to write most of my when i read this book, i had a lot of questions, you know what does he mean by this . Where is he talking about . And i was fortunate enough in that living in this area i could read about what happened here at go out and study the land;t3 and talk to people and the story of how i found Sailors Creek will be tomorrowsluu h with a lot more personalc8m stories to it by first person accounts. So any ways with this in hand and with a lot of questions coming from this, i began researching this campaign and continued to do so until today. But any way, what i thought we would do tonight because tomorrow were going to talk about the minutia of Sailors Creek, the battles there and the talks and everything, so im just going to give a tactical strategic explanation of what this campaign was all about and how they got to appomattox and why it happened there. Also when i worked at the park i worked with a gentleman who was in the 29th Infinity Division in world war ii and he had this young son who he used to bring to the park occasionally for me to end up baby sitting and this young fellow would come and sit on a bench next to me and listen to me talking to the visitors. You met him first on this morning or this afternoon, thats tracy shinault. He was a little kid t cthen. And when i was at petersburg, i was his boss until i retired. So, its kind of interesting to see howbo local folks got interested in it. Well, to begin with in talking about Appomattox Campaign and go into the detail but basically its from march 29th 1865 to april 9th 1865, nine april days as the book once said. But i found that that the nemesis of this campaign really started as tracy talked about the siege of petersburg in the beginning when lees army was besieging the or when thenep union army was besieging the Confederate Army outside of richmond to the northeast at cold harbor. Grant, being unsuccessful in attacking the city, breakioaco cf1 o into the city, changed his tactics and moved around down to the james river and crossed over petersburg as tracy so ably told you. It was at that point that lee prof sized it will become a siege, meaning if he gets to petersburg, it will become a siege and then it will be a mere question of time. And in a onesentence line i always refer to the siege of the 9 1 2 months siege of petters petterssburg of the wearing down of the lees army