1986. I arrived at wbal radio as a general manager and from the 50s to the mid70s, wbal retial at keillor at the orioles game and one of the objectives when i got there was to repatriate the orioles. Then and now finnmark really staggering at their expense level and its hard to run these things at a profit and you hope that you can create a halo effect and the overall benefit of having the game on the radio in baltimore. It eliminates the whole station. As a, i had it in my mind that we wanted these games. I went up to new york and i sold my pants off. Frank benet who was the ceo of the Hearst Corporation like my enthusiasm and they liked my passion. They put me through the hoops every Business Model that you could look at and i have an answer for everything. I went back home and we made a deal with the orioles and i thought now we are really going to be able to go on. That was the year that they started 022. [laughter] and i was dying. You couldnt sell advertising to anybody. There was a morbid curiosity about the team that all they did was lose. Jim was in the company at that time to the i think that he was one of the guys laughing, he thought he was hot stuff. And she signed up for the orioles. But there is a lesson. John and frank tease me but never beat me up. They supported the decision. But for the grace of god he says all of us made decisions that didnt work. But it was a formative kind of decision and i said i lived to tell about it in the Hearst Corporation. Its funny 28 years later. We have about another half hour and i wonder if you think its time to open up and take questions. There is a microphone and because we are recording this, we need to get the questions on the microphone. We get the first question and then it goes well in my experience. I used to call at the helen thomas affect to ask the first question. Thank you. My name is emily and im journalist here. My question is what i would love to hear from both of you. You mentioned your fear of what will happen to longterm Investigative Journalism with the declines in newspapers and i wanted to know what you see as television and changing the role to make up for that. Good television stations are going to develop more resources to the Investigative Journalism. We have to train our people to do that kind of work and we are a company that is demonstrably doing that. We have got some very talented Investigative Reporters. We are going to have to learn to be more patient in a newspaper and people remind us that the time required for really great Investigative Journalism pieces longer than it is typically the case for the kind of television reporting that we do so we are going to have to be more patient and have to train people and are going to have to put resources to it than i think that you are going to see the best tv stations in the country doing that made every year i go to the awards and we have been lucky enough to win a number of those almost every year and i am impressed by the investigative pieces i dont think the newspapers are going to go entirely away and i dont need to be so negative about the newspaper industry. We on this and into the newspaper and in San Francisco and then an albany new york to name four of them and i will tell you all of those stations, all those newspapers are profitable this year and they are reshaping their business. They are creating more Digital Products and they are working harder at the work before them. Databases is contracting but they are finding efficiencies and i think we need newspapers to survive in one form or another Going Forward and our company is continuing to invest in newspaper resources so they can continue to do that kind of work. I would add is a very exciting time to be an investigative journalist. I started in 1989 on an Investigative Team and i think that one of the things that is very exciting today is that there are so many different ways to pursue Investigative Journalism so there is television print, there is also all kind of Digital Ventures ever doing investigative work and all kind of partnerships between the nonprofit organizations, online and broadcasters so theres all kinds of cross fertilization. Abc news teamed up in washington to do an investigative piece about the diagnosis and we partner with all kinds of different outfits to sort of make our resources over there and dig deeper into the various things david was describing which is an important part of the mission which is serious Investigative Journalism that sheds a light where otherwise we can shine the light. Get matters. I would say one of my best memories from 1984 at the observer there was a great investigative producer at the impasse and pat blase Investigative Reporter who made all kind of change through the good Old Fashioned reporting. He also taught me a thing or two about spending and a cut next to his desk. There workups all over with his habit for tobacco. But he taught me a lot about the importance of time it takes to do one good investigative project and months and months on every single project. Tiny graduate student. Thank you so much for an insightful talk. You mentioned quite a lot of times. So my question is can you elaborate on the position regarding youve been trying to nail them in court for quite a while and i know that adc abc ran on how popular in how good was the model. What is your general stance on that . We are in litigation with them in boston. Over the past three or four weeks we have applied to the court for an injunction on the service until this thing could be heard by the court. If thats been the case in a number of different markets. We view the matter as an infringement of our copyright. We produce content and does copyright to the content and we think that they are not in compliance with the copyright statutes and we think that is a problem. So there are a number of broadcasters that were happy to license the content in the same way that we license to the satellite and cable. If they feel that they have a scheme that allows them to have access to the content and we disagree with that and ultimately it may be a matter that goes to the Supreme Court to be resolved. The jobwatch applications are a different story. Its adc content and they are making that available. If i take wcbb content and put on an application with an ip delivered medium, that is our content. We can do with it what we want. But this is the case of someone that we think taking our content input in violation of the copyright statute. So, there is innovation, but part of the challenge that we have as an industry is are people going to be willing to pay for the content that is generated by great journalists in this room and elsewhere. It is a challenge for the industry. There are a lot of people who feel they can have free access to all of this content and we are going to be in a world that cannot sustain itself. We dont get paid for the content that we generate. In a tv station, eda of the revenue that we generate come from advertising revenues. Now we are generating fees from cable. Transmission consent fees from cable and satellite and telco but newspapers and magazines everybody has an issue that we all love content but are you willing to pay for that clacks last week i met a woman named carol who was a photographer of the washington post. She has won four Pulitzer Prizes and i have seen her photographs, but i was unfamiliar with her. And she did a presentation to another university to show the most compelling photographs were different themes with a number of different sets of themes and struck me as i watched that their brilliant and it is a resource to hold on as best they can and they are going to miss out on early and storytelling for geniuses if there are too many cutbacks who is going to go and shoot this stuff that its remarkable. But also, i had the impression that people would be less inclined to steal her photograph and use it for themselves. And she and i talked about this and people would be more inclined to take our video clips off for Television Coverage and go out to market it. Its a more secret medium in some respects the photographys of these great photographers, the disconnect between how to be more respect you for carroll still photography than there would be to the video to winstonsalem. I think that what the answer that question perfectly. [laughter] i am a professor at the school. Thanks again for being here. My first question, and i like a followup, is whether Edward Snowden has contacted your organization and second, how is it that you are talking to your News Executives about what i think essentially has been the year of the whistleblower. How do you think about dealing with whistleblowers in the environment for the government innovation can be shared so easily, Corporate Information can be shared so easily. How do you advise your managers and reporters . Snowden hasnt contacted us. We are trying to contact snowden. I would like to take this opportunity through cspan2 invite mr. Snowden to do an interview with abc news. [laughter] the year of the whistleblower. I would actually note that for as long as journalists have been practicing and in particular the kind of investigative work it is always the year of the whistleblower. We depend as News Organizations on whistleblowers of all different kinds. And i think that there is a technical term for what a whistleblower is under statute that we depend on people of conscience standing up and telling us what is really going on. Sometimes anonymously and sometimes on the record. And i think that i will leave it for others to the date the patriotism and violations of the different laws. But newspapers in Raleigh North Carolina and television stations in the great state of North Carolina and journalists across the land always depended on whistleblowers. As a, we guide our team is always when it comes to whistleblowers to ask all the questions and checkout and a few days to try to ascertain whether or not they have a particular interest in sharing this information and what is the motive. We try to understand what does this person want to say to us. When i was an investigative producer i came to North Carolina and there is a story about the Tobacco Industry with one of the early whistleblowers who works at r. J. Reynolds and wanted to talk about what was going on. Its a conflicting agenda and interest that related that came forward and produced all kind of evidence this person had a mixed motive in coming forward with various axes to grind. Its always whistleblower time and we have to take exercise with very high standards and evaluating what to do and how to do that is it uncommon interest in the national interest. Its important for management, news management to be involved in these kind of story is certainly the case of the network as well. We dont have the depth of experience through the ranks of a typical local station so it is engagement by management. Fenty for being here for this great conversation of. I am a firstyear ph. D. Student here at the journalism school. As someone who is interested in sort of teaching the next generation of journalists, i was wondering if there is anything that you think that we should be teaching our students that me or not at this point something to prepare them for the future. I add my year the interdisciplinary approach that is notable to me that when we interview younger people they have a very broad set of skills and i continue to encourage that to be the case. At the intersection between the media wall and practicing journalism is very important through a lot of other peoples effort the initiative that needs to continue to blossom any significant way. I think nowadays people have to understand technology. They have to understand to have a deep subject matter expertise and i think if i would encourage this university and other universities to be sure that people are trained with debt and not just shallow knowledge that this pejorative kid i shouldnt say that, but limited knowledge of subject matter which is how some people sometimes whitewash tv reporters. And we need for subject matter expertise and i think there is room for a lot more of that. I have something very simple to offer in response, which is that we can think about technology and its disruptions and think about subject matter expertise. I think that something that is sort of one of the prerequisites but then quickly is gone after an introductory course or to his storytelling. Just a simple art of telling the great story. Because i think that for all the students here and for all of the professors and for all of the practitioners we all know that as long as a person entering this business knows how to tell the story it depends on the story itself. Theyre all different ways to tell stories that people will always have work and there will always need storytellers. It doesnt matter what screen is on. It doesnt matter what device it may even be the chip implanted in our heads. There will always be the need for storytelling and a desire for storytelling. There were books and studies about how we as a species relate to and resonate with a good stories. We want stories. It is a gift and art and it is a craft. So with humility i look at some of the artists of storytelling. I always read and i think what could never, ever arranged a word in that way to tell the story that way. But its also a craft and that craft can be mastered by most and that is the art that we can all of reach for the craft can be taught very well and in many places that art of storytelling. I teach science journalism but i have a question actually not related to that. I want to thank you both for your insight sharing with all of us. You mentioned at the beginning bill kellers comment in the oped page you said was the golden age of reporting but also he talked about the dark side as well which is the freelancers are assuming a lot of the burden of International Reporting has major News Organizations cut back and freelancers that are hurt may not have insurance who are abducted as in syria and they may not have a big News Organization to help them if they are killed, their families and not get the aid that they otherwise would have. So, what is the responsibility of the major News Organizations in terms of utilizing freelancers rather than hiring people for fulltime jobs with all the benefits and the strengths of the News Organizations behind them . First of all, let me just acknowledged that one of your first students was our Health Editor at abc news, daniel childs, who was a great contributor and a colleague. He is a reflection of the kind of students that you put out into the world. Abc news is fortunate for what you do every single day. I read the piece and i know very well all these complicated issues about freelancing. And on the one side, the News Organizations that have depended upon for a very long time is not a new phenomenon. We have depended upon freelancers are around the world for a very long time. They perform a vital role in helping us to do the work all over the place. For the furthest reaches of the globe. And there are also some responsibilities, major responsibilities that come with them. And i would say that when i saw the piece i shared that today with a number of our colleagues because there are all kind of initiatives and movements that are of afoot to give more protection to freelancers. We work with a cadre of freelancers and we worked with them for a very long time. But we think that the responsibility is great. When we said this earlier today to some of the my colleagues that the sleepless nights in business has to do with when we sent people into harms way and there are fulltime employees around the world tonight who are in dangerous spots because we are trying to fulfil our mission, our Important Public Service mission. Like you all in the 50th anniversary year yet libel cases against the Institutional Press are as low as they have been in decades at least according to most indicators and i was wondering if that was also your experience on the broadcast side both nationally and on the local level. And if that is so why do you think that might be . I would defer to you on that one. We are on the subject of 300 plus every single year pursuing our stories. We have a lot of legal help. A lot of these issues are settled in progress. A lot of these libelous stories to be a i think everyone takes a more cautious measured approach to how we are trying to respond to such matters as they come not. I guess i am seeing a little bit less of this occurring and i dont know if i have an opinion about what to make on that off the top of my head. I would have to give that a little bit more thought. All i am happy to followup and think about it some more. Off the top of my head i dont. Are you conceding when i ask people like you and talk to people like you and ask them about young people, what are they going to do to bring younger people to broadcast journalism, they talk about the mobile what occasions and screaming and getting to the phones. But what are you going to get people to the actual broadcast . I do not see a lot of innovation, either in the Network Level or the local level. And just the format of the news we are using the same format that we used 30 years ago to it can we react to that . I would say that the format is an indifferently. I think most of the new things that we tried in the explorations that we tried are occurring on the weekends and in the morning news block and i think that this is an evolving circumstances. I do not concede in any way as nextgeneration people wont watch our news. I think this style would you say they are not watching it now . They are watching it in fewer numbers. Im not satisfied with the measurement. So, i think that nielsen has a very hard time capturing the viewership of the yen per demographics. We know that the sample was small and very unstable. I dont kid myself that there are fewer people in the number generations watching our news product but i do not concede that they will not watch it. We know when there is a news breaking even with storms or shootings were the Boston Marathon bombing, those people to man and i think that people grow into the kind of news that we do. There is a bit of a generational fracture occurring there and ive observed that in a lot of different places. So, i think that we have to write and in different way we have to shoot a video in a different way and its often about story selection. Its about the pace of shows and finding a way to be relevant. A part of this is hooking people into mobile devices and knowing how powerful the rams are in the marketplace and how we can be trusted and that maybe instead of tv stations newscast in the first place they go it becomes the third stop that they have and they are going to move from mobile to ipad to desktops to watching channel five in boston instead of the reverse. I think it is a challenge the industry has and i cannot conceive of any way that we should give up on that nextgeneration leadership. My only do we not give up on it but last week in miami, abc news in partnership with univision launched a brand new multi surface platform with the expressed purpose of appealing to the younger audience. Specifically a latino and spanish audience but the dangers multicultural audience of young people in this country. And so, if the entire philosophy of this new Fusion Network is aimed at younger people with different filters in the programs, different lenders in the program that is aimed to bring them in both socially, and also to watch on the Traditional Cable Television screen. That is the entire philosophy about this new Multi Service from offering thats extremely exciting and what we are going to do is several of the folks from abc news will come back from these deployments in miami and helping get this launched. Starting with the smaller number of homes over the last five years it will grow in its number of subscribers around 60 million. And during that time we are going to be doing a lot of experimenting and testing the question that you are asking which is how do we get younger people to engage and use information and life style programming . And we have a lot of ideas and we are working hard on it and youre going to bring some of those back to abc news and try to infuse some of the abc news programming. Lastly an important leadership of dalia for the television is to value different skills and ideas and talent. And that isnt just about the diverse work force. Its about contrast. And i think that as we identify and we are putting different people and different stations that reflect the community and the demographic that they are serving we have a better opportunity to attract the peer groups into the viewership of the station. But the challenge of the industry has. The professor has just given us the signal. Does that mean one more . Yes, sir. Ahead. I am a firstyear law student at North Carolina. I was a newspaper reporter for 12 years before this. Just sort of an openended question. Wondering if one or both of you could talk about User Generated Content and how youre incorporating that into your overall platform which whether it is growing in importance and how you pick out the best User Generated Content so that you can keep your credibility. Between one of the big three in broadcast Television News and one of the seasoned giants of news. Its exactly the kind of unique encounter that wade hargrove, benefactor of this inaugural colloquium, most hope to initiate. Congratulations to you. Congratulations to the professor of the school of law and the school of journalism, the talented codirectors for the center on media, law and policy. Thank you, David Barrett. Thank you, ben sherwood, for the animated discussion. I have to make a few close in march. I told david i may simply recite a sign of lines of radio and television nude draws news broadcasters and sit down. And taking my own idea with some sickness i begin this past weekend to review what is really an astonishingly short history of broadcast news, for whatever it might yield. But first, the first truly National Radio broadcast came under 75 years ago in 1938 when the legendary opt out of cbs news created an anchormans role in radio new york, bringing on the scene live reports in aftermath of the ominous union between expanding nazi germany under relatively helpless austria. At the other end of bob trouts live broadcast from new york were too young legends in training. North carolina born 30 year old edward r. Murrow in vienna, 34 yearold william shire in london. Soon to join cbs radio team were 26 yearold eric sever right of North Carolina and 21 yearold Charles Collingwood of michigan. The national appetite or their life news broadcast grew steadily during the horrors of world war ii. Nothing was really more memorable to me during the war years from median than edward r. Murrows nightly reports for cbs radio. With the voice that god might indeed, he began each broadcast with this phrase. This is london. And he was tutored by bob trout that a long pause between this and london made the drama even before the news itself was shared. Murrow within close as a broadcast with a then popular parting phrase shared among londoners in 1940 who would endure the night of not seek bombardment and the blitz. Good night and good luck. After world war ii most radio veterans continued their chosen trade and the shunt the new emerging infant technology of television. So cbs had to turn to a 31 yearold Douglas Edwards of oklahoma to host the first regular News Television broadcast from 19481962. I really found no characteristic closing line from edwards, his replacement, so when he became the most trusted man in america according to one national poll, developed perhaps the most wellknown signoff line of all during his 19 years at cbs news. Walter cronkite was everyones dutch uncle. The face and voice the broke the news of president john f. Kennedys assassination in 1963, who told american of nasas expanding space program. He called the escalation of the war in vietnam turkey brought news of the assassinations in one year of dr. Martin luther king and president ial candidate robert kennedy. Through it all though, Walter Cronkite ended each night broadcast with a memorable signoff raised, and thats the way it is. And americans everywhere trusted walter had indeed told them the way it is. Walter cronkite was followed at cbs by dan rather been a 32 yearold reporter in dallas in 1963 when president kennedy had been shot. Dan rather reported that he was an assistant of cronkite for many years until he became the anchor in 1982. He moved to a more modest closing and cronkite saying only thats a part of our world tonight. From this is london, to thats the way it is, to thats a part of the world tonight, these changes by see this broadcast over time however unintended seem to me to chart a retreat, an appropriate retreat of claims of acknowledgment the Television News was at best partial limited, a part of the world tonight. A similar tone of honesty characterized tom brokaws closing for nbc nightly news, from 19822004, the boyish south dakota 42 yearold in each of his Television Broadcast as nbcs anchor with the simple statement, thats nightly news this wednesday night may 1, or whatever. He didnt even say dan rathers claim of part of our world. Only this is what nbc is done. Long before brokaw, nbc network contributed one very important earlier element in the developing of a national sense of what broadcast news actually was. In 1956, when nbc pioneered the practice of a dual anchor. 35 yearold David Brinkley of North Carolina. The show said huntley in earnest all news, series type against the dry wit and sometimes funny observations of a far younger wrinkly. They did the broadcast with a personal exchange. Goodnight, david. Goodnight, check. The closing could not help but remind viewers nightly at a time when cbs was expanding the way it was, the broadcasters were themselves human. That they inevitably work in a collaborative relationship with other journalists and implicitly with the listeners themselves. Bricklin had been appalled by his selfindulgent broadcasting saw it many current cable and Network Stars is ironic tone commit individual takes on the news were another important step in the transformation of the genre. Arguably paving the way and National Broadcasting towards the highly individualized style in many of todays cable and alternative news shows. Abc, the network of our guest ben sherwood, was relatively late to the network news party throughout the 1950s and 60s it ran a perennial third place finish until the late 1970s. When the brilliant, head of abc sports turned his Creative Genius to abc news. What came forth with his collaboration was a series of ideas and inventions, 2020, nightline, abc news world tonight, would put abc in the broadcast race for real. Canadian Peter Jennings moderated abc tonight from 198 19832005 on within any of the broadcast except dan rather. More recently diane sawyer and abc news has close with the words ill see you right back here tomorrow night. Perhaps requesting less, reflect a less of the godlike certainly of a murrow are cronkite and more the reality that broadcast news is a product that market share is crucial, and that getting the viewers right back here tomorrow night is a high concern. No time in the short Closing Remarks to look at public broadcasting, the neil their our, not much time for the advent of 24 hour broadcast news, ted turners cnn news in 1981. Which begin another profound change, 24 hours of coverage every day. It was on jinwu 16, 1991 that cnn reporters found themselves we recall in a hotel in baghdad as america launched Operation Desert Storm with a massive air bombardment of the iraqi capital. Seanez bernard shaw of illinois reported on Live Television the incoming missile rounds of an air bombardment all around him. The whole major innocence of television rod casting news expanding once again literally overnight. Edward r. Murrow offered live coverage of german bombings in 194041. 50 years later american broadcasters in the enemy capital reporting incoming american missiles about. To observations, final observations i will leave with his audience, many of you young journalists, journalism students here at chapel hill. The first is obvious. Youve been drawn to a profession, a craft that relies as youve heard tonight on narrative, on storytelling, to inform and share the news. Yet your profession must serve updates daily stories in media absolutely among the most unpredictable and rapidly changing technologies in the modern world. No one, not even the best journalists on the stage or in this audience, can proceed even the format much less the Delivery Systems even the audiences for narratives you want to share. 75 years ago, the idea that one could link to journalists in vienna and london and madrid and new york all of the same time, that was almost unthinkable. In 1948, the seasons war correspondents, it was foolish to abandon the powerful media of radio for the dubious flickering black and white bastard child it was early television. And, indeed, it was 32 years ago as we said, i actually one day well see a very practical date as young people, the 24 hour a day Television News coverage began. And that came not from the smartest men at abc or nbc or cbs, but from a loudmouth, erstwhile playboy, americas cup sailor living in atlanta, ted turner who did you think it was money to be made in audience is to be one on a diet of all day all night Television News. Whether the internet or facebook or twitter or one of the over the costs are just over the Horizon Media will take you and will take us all in the years ahead somewhere is no ones guest tonight. But i agree with these two panelists. It will be an extraordinary adventure. And, indeed, my very final observation about this uncertain world. It was 21 year old Charles Collingwood, it was 26 year old eric said wright, 30 or edward r. Murrow, 31 year old Douglas Edwards, 35 yearold David Brinkley who struck out to make radio or television history. The 15 years that lie ahead of us belong to you, tu students. You know, law or Investment Banking can sometimes seem to be areas in which family our College Connections can play a huge role. Yet every one of the broadcasting greats ive mentioned tonight were tied by birth or close connections to no one in the trade. They worked from even the Media Centers of new york or washington or chicago. It was from north dakota and south dakota, kansas and montana. Murrow and printed from North Carolina, the great broadcast journalists team. Each of your chosen students tonight presently receiving a gift, education at unc school of journalism and under the leadership of the faculty, a profession that will change over their lifetime in ways that will confound virtually all other elders gathered here tonight. I have the feeling that theres nothing, nothing under the circumstances that would please wait hargrove or dean king or David Barrett more than to sit together in some assisted living facility [laughter] 20 or 30 years from now and brag, we spoke one evening in chapel hill about the future of rochester listen. And do you know who was in the audience . It was fillin the blank. It was you. The broadcast future of which you. Its not going to stop moving, and neither should you. And that is the way it is. Good night and good luck. [applause] capitol hill is quiet this morning following an overnight snow that brought many cancellations and delays to the u. S. Senate is meeting this morning at 11 45 a. M. Is in for a quick session to live coverage of that. Their purpose is to bring to them and the first session of the 113th congress. No legislative work scheduled for today. That begins next week when senators meet monday at 2 p. M. Eastern. They will continue debate on extending longterm jobless benefits. And later well debate the nomination of janet yellen to chair the Federal Reserve board replacing ben bernanke. Senators will vote monday at 5 30 p. M. Eastern to the house returns on tuesday. Among the bills coming up, a measure dealing with security of the healthcare. Gov website, and federal spending for the remainder of 2014. You can see live Senate Coverage here on cspan2. And the house is on cspan. I think its interesting to sit here and talk but how the Republican Party is less unified than the Democratic Party. When we started think about this historically i think its a really interesting time to be studying this because really for the first time in recent years we are seeing a Republican Party that is facing many of the struggles of the Democratic Party faced 20 or 30 years ago when they were tinkering with the reform process every four years. The interplay of what happened, how can he stay with what happened in the context in which theyre running all really matter. More than the underlying scandal itself when it comes to these comebacks. And especially if youre running any context in which you can present yourself as an abuse, part of an abused group, abused by the system. You can really play that quite well. And whether thats the case of whether roy in alabama, who used the 1 10 commandments controvery ahas effectively in terms of kid of an attack on christian conservatives but i think, i think its very much the case. This weekend on cspan the state of the National Party and a look at the political scandals of the politics of recovery. Saturday morning at 10 eastern. Live sunday on cspan2 your calls and comments for talk radio host mark levin best selling author of five nonfiction books, and his latest, the liberty and in its. Thats at noon on booktvs in depth. And on cspan3 American History tv looks back 15 years at the impeachment of president William Jefferson clinton. Saturday and sunday at noon eastern. To veteran congressional lawmakers and two freshmen members joined for their women rules series but this discussion is on signs of leadership in women. Good morning. Im maggie haberman, senior political reporter for political and im delighted to be joined by my colleague, anna palmer, who is our senior washington correspondent. And an esteemed group of women have been truly example by the topic of our conversation, the peacemakers making policy in a polarized government. With us this morning that congresswoman tulsi gabbard, amy klobuchar, Ileana Roslehtinen and ann wagner. Anna as annexes on stage and will be tracking your question that without, analyst, thank you for joining us to the conversation. Lets begin. Welcome. We wanted to start a conversation with you, senator, theres been so much talk about how women in the senate get along, bipartisan, have dinners. How well do you know these other women are sitting with just because we are really good friends. When people talk about the days of old and dennis how people used to Work Together, thats what weve got going with the 20 women senators. Our numbers held for a while. We are 16 and that was unfortunate because they called is the sweet 16. Now we are up to 20 and as i point out in a tweed we made United States history when it was finally a traffic gym in the United States senator womens bathroom last night it was a great achievement for all of us. And i think it probably came to light most recently with the shutdown where we had half of the women in the group of 14 that actually pushed the leadership on the deal, framework to resolve that. Were women. Susan collins started the group and it was half republicans, including kelly ayotte and Lisa Mikulski and Jeanne Shaheen and myself, and senator heitkamp. We worked together and helped to lead the group and made a big difference. I think those friendships and that trust that we have is genuine. We get together for dinner every other month. The last event was at my house. We had in minnesota potluck dinner spent what was the hot dish . Chicken. The one before that was in a mikulski and her husband actually fixed fish salmon and froze it and send it to her. Wow. We allow the men to be hunter gatherers. [laughter] great. Id like to ask all three congresswomen here, have you seen this spirit that the senator is talking about . We havent heard about it translating to the house as much. Hasnt been an effort to translate to the other chamber . What kind of partnerships are being formed . We certainly are having it in the freshman class. Im a new member of the wanted 13th district in the st. Louis area, and we just had a great dinner this weekend with a freshmen members from the democrat side of the aisle and a republican. Wont tell you how many bottles of wine we went through. And what we talked about was coming together, get things done. Women are born networkers. We are born communicators. We are multitaskers. We are solution oriented, and i think there are lots of opportunities for us to come together and make things happen. Thats why i came to congress. Im somewhat discouraged with the level of dysfunction to be perfectly honest. And to the extent we can be the cost of change in moving the ball forward, advancing things on behalf of our constituents and the country. Thats what want to be a part of. As an old timer ive been here longer than many of you have even been alive. We used to have these bipartisan women dinners far more often during the years, so if they are still going on maybe im not invited anymore. They were every month and they were at the monocle and they were really very good. Mccarthy from the democratic wonderful dinners and we got to discuss whatever legislation we are working on trying to get more cosponsors for our bills. Because we all have our power grids from her own party, but its hard to get bipartisan support because we are just always meeting as political parties. We have more friendships within our own party, so these gettogethers were a great opportunity to get, to move our legislation along. And they were very helpful. Ive got to talk to my schedule to make sure im on that dance card. You are the newest everybody sitting at the. Anything surprise you . I think what has been unique about our class who was just elected was the recognition in a very uncoordinated way between us that we were here to get things done. We are here to get results. The only way and the best way to do that was to Work Together. What we found after being here for a few months and coming back from town Hall Meetings and district visits and kind of exchanging stories was that the message is that were delivering back home were exactly the same. Which were that even in spite of the dysfunction, even in spite of the frustration that was there, the hope that we had and hope we have for Going Forward is the fact we have enough people of like minds who were interested in working together and building those relationships from the very beginning that have allowed us to do that. On the more fun side i got to know you during the center softball game. Kelly ayotte was are in c. For the game and i was cheering alongside with a torn rotator cuff this year. I was there. We learned a lot about each other as people and our families and to was a great time to build camaraderie and establish a lot of friendships that have blossomed into other thanks spent and i know all their rbis. [laughter] congresswoman wagner, a little more strictly. Republicans have had an issue in terms of having the same kind of numbers in congress. I know you have spent time this year try to change that recruiting to you talk about those efforts . It is an absolute passion of mind. There are 19 republican women in congress. We have a conference of 232. Its the failure. And one that absolutely must be addressed. I look out, icy Susan Molinari and icy Barbara Comstock and others ive worked with over the years on the program that got women involved across the country in politics. And were doing this now. On how the involving project grow, it has a messaging component reaching out to women, talking that 37 year old single mother of two who is trying to make it to the 15th and the 30th of the month, but the recruitment these i have to tell you is fantastic. Of the 40 to 50 t. Competitive races that we are looking at at the committee right now, over half of them we have fielded a woman candidate. A lot of them have primaries but we are working within and doing what i would call real recruitment. Not just mentoring of women that are going to enter the race, but going out and finding that teacher, that military, that Small Business owner, that mayor, that Community Leaders willing to step up and be a part of our process here. So we are working very hard on this. And as i said along with many of my colleagues and members, its a true passion of my. I hope we can up the numbers in the next congress. Just a followup. Theres been a lot of talk since the last election about republican outreach to women. You mentioned it just happened i wonder if you go into more depth about what you hear back, what kind of feedback there is . I get so aggravated. Women, you all, we are not a coalition. We are 54 of the electorate. We rule, okay . Truly, hashtag is right. Women rule. We decide the elections Going Forward. We decide of other things. Were the ones that are balancing the family and our personal budget. Were the ones making most of the spending decisions. We are on the front lines of healthy. You tal talk to any manager prod able to you, theyre talking to a daughter or daughterinlaw. We are involved in energy policy. We are the ones putting the gas in the car. We know what it means. It is time we step up. We are all involved in this to change Public Policy. If we dont do that unless were in power. I am tired of others, and our politicians across this country that make a decision on your behalf every single day. Be involved as a voter, as a participant, as an activist, but also as someone who is willing to run for office. If i could follow up along the panel, just to get the sense of especially given the partisan divide, and i facing gridlock and all different complaints but what is the number one issue year from women constituents you would like to see that with differently in congress . They are all interested in jobs and security and the next generation. I dont believe in womens issues. I believe that the art issues and many are brought that women have a great interest in and our involved in at all levels. And it has to do with jobs, economy, safety, security, the future of our families and our nation. They want to make their lives a little bit easy. Lets face it, there are women across america that are just trying to make a tennis shoes last another six months longer than they have to. Weve got to make their lives easier, better, and more functioning. I represent a district where the majority of the folks are hispanic. Either they were born outside of the United States so they classify themselves as hispanic americans on the census form. And for them even if they have their immigration status of proved and they dont have to worry about it, in my district Immigration Reform remains a priority. Theres a great sense of frustration that president has already acted. The house has yet to act, and hope we will pass with speaker boehners leadership piecemeal a bill to solve the legislation, to resolve the legality of the immigrants and give them on a path to citizenship. But we have to first secure the borders and thats what i hear a lot from our constituents. Lets get Immigration Reform done. Thats a priority but first, make sure were not going to repeat this mistake and this remedy 10 years from now. So that immigration, and also jobs are very much tied together in my district in south florida. So we had a big boom financial of years ago. Now, construction is at an all time low. Tourism is still the driving force in south florida. But the construction jobs seem to be coming back and were getting a lot of money coming in from venezuela and other places that are unstable. We dont know how long that bubble will less. Theres a sense of insecurity about the economy in south florida. I think those two issues are whats driving the voters. And the third thing that unites, we discuss in congress is that we are glad to be the unifying force. [laughter] can i follow a longer quickly, Immigration Reform is something that weve also focus a lot on this congress. Youve been one of the key players in the house. Talk about your role, to feel like your role as a woman or as a peacemaker in terms of trying to get agreement and try to work across party lines, something we have seen a lot of . We do have bipartisan leaders who are leading the charge. We have paul ryan and we are working with folks like luis gutierrez. So theres a lot of bipartisan movement on the immigration issue. I think the press sometimes looks at all the negative parts that we are not moving along, but theres a lot of conversations in the sidelines moving the force alone. Im optimistic we can get it done. I know were getting a lot of bumps along the road, but its going to be all right. Im optimistic about that. Just to follow up and then return. Is there an example in negotiations we can point to something to handle differently than your male colleagues . Has your perspective as the number of congress either informed at all in terms of how you approach this . More than my gender probably just my background because i came to the United States when i was eight. Im a refugee myself. I think the folks of dont with refugees and immigrants families see how much it impacts women. Because so often many times the mail is not there. Hes been deported or the dad is not present. Immigration is really a woman issue. Its a family centered issue. I think we need to focus it more that way and look at it more about how it impacts Domestic Violence also because if youre an immigrant who does not have papers, you are less likely to tell the police or any Law Enforcement official that youre being a views or your employer is not paying you correctly. So Domestic Violence, human trafficking, all of these issues are tied to immigration. Definitely, women are greatly impacted like a lack of Immigration Reform. So it really is, not that there are women issues, i agree that there are no women issues but this issue of immigration directly impacts women and is usually the mom and the kids. If we go back to the sender and the congresswoman gabbard about butchering from a distance, particularly women voters in your district spent a lot of what the congresswoman have been saying. First been saying. Festival day, is what they care about the most. May be a giveaway in my state and Unemployment Rate is now down to 4. 8 . There you go. We have a lot of thriving businesses that were very proud of. We have a strong World Economy and we been able to do because we have a welleducated workforce and we focus a lot on exports. The issues for a lot of our constituents are about how much things cost, the concern about the cost of gas down a little bit right now. The concern about the cost of college, the cost of health care. Those kinds of issues on which youre focused on. The second thing is what ileana mentioned about the unity wanting congress to work better together. They are just very angry about the gridlock because they know it was out of the downturn, things have stabilized and there are things we should be doing like Immigration Reform. I so appreciate your work on that and im on the Judiciary Committee and have worked with senator hatch and a lot of the provisions on the business side of that issue. We have passionate we are proud of the immigration bill and want to get it done. A donothing congress . On the senate side, there are some major things weve gotten done. And maybe part of it is that nearly half of our leaders are chairmen are women. But we have moved ahead of a lot of bills, and i think that the shutdown really brought everything to life for the people in the country that this is your biggest. They are holding us back instead of allowing us to move forward as a country. And so thats what i hear the most from the people in the state. What i love about the women of you when i think about policy with military background and work transmission on Immigration Reform, the work that ann is an internationally as ambassador, you can ask people are are you a democrat or republican when they come to say they need to know. You just have to work within together that i think when you look at the background of the women in congress, a lot of them have come from those kinds of fields. I was a prosecuted. That was much. I couldnt ask any victim what their political affiliation was but i just had to go and get something done. Done. I think thats helped us to Work Together and get some of these things done. We are ready to move on Immigration Reform. Patty murray is leading the way on the budget working with congressman ryan and im hoping we will see a new day in the next few months. Regardless from hawaii to florida and everywhere in between, the issues that people are concerned about are the same. Whether it is the economy or jobs are making sure were providing good education to our kids are making sure we have a strong, Sustainable Future but the underlying i think, threat also through all of that from women, from constituents as a whole, is not understanding why we are not getting things done. Find it somewhat inconceivable when there is so much commonality between issues that were hearing from at home when there is so much commonality in the things that would like to tackle collectively regardless of party, why arent we able to sit down and work out the differences . What ileana said is true. Theres lot of great work thats happening that doesnt make the headlines. Theres a lot of small groups of Members Meeting document democrats and republicans, not those classified as moderate but actually people who represent a Broad Spectrum of views on policies and politics, and how to find solutions and saying how do we figure out this budget deficit issue. How do we deal with the debt ceiling and figured out that Common Ground that is there . I think a lot of the work were trying to do, those of us in the rankandfile in congress, is grading these partnerships, coming up with solutions and creative pressure from within to be able to try to bring some of these initiatives to the floor and get some movement. Whats been the Biggest Surprise for you in terms of being the rankandfile . To talk about the means, from hawaii, things like, is anything thats kind of shocked you are you were not prepared for . I had the opportunity to work for one of hawaiis great senator here when he was the chair of the Veterans Affairs committee. I worked for in between my two deployments to the middle east and our 2 cents from hawaii where great leaders in many ways but set a good example and taught me a lot about building relationships, and building relationships that are based on respect and that withstand the partisan winds blowing one way or the other. Sender in a way and senator stevens from alaska were great examples of two best friends. They called each other brother. I laugh one day, they were talking about the issue on the house floor and after they were done they went out and tried to this pumped each other. They missed the first time and ended up getting it on the second or third try. Regardless of what happened, they were able to disagree and still remain friends. I was surprised when i first came here through a few people and i was reaching out to some of my republican friends, and i was kind of precise. Youre not supposed to talk to them. What are you doing . Are you kidding me . This is what we need the most. Senator klobuchar, what are the hopes for eventually having a woman leadin leaving the sena . How long do you think a week to until it happens . I think most of us believe the more women we have and leadership the better off we are. I think theres proof of that. We have Debbie Stabenow close to reaching an agreement on the farm the bill now that has eluded us for years. We have Barbara Boxer working with somewhat surprising, senator vitter to get to build on and before that sent him off to get the transportation bill done. We have Susan Collins leading the way on those reform, a number of us Work Together on the violence against women act that passed the house, and we work very hard to develop leaders in the senate. I dont exactly the timing. Theres kind of a lineup in the senate. [laughter] but i think that there are women right now in very important leadership roles. That is including Barbara Mikulski who are de facto leader of the women in the senate to one of my best moments was when she gathered the women in the senate, she gathered before a vote and she stood up, she is quite short, on a couch and felt like im back in the 1970s. She said, get out there, square your shoulders, suit up, put her lipstick on and get ready for the revolution last night and [laughter] so theres a lot of expense of the women in the senate that is passed on and we really do stand on the shoulders of those who came before us. We want to close with a question to all of you. A lot of this series has been about Women Empowerment and being solution oriented. Can you maybe give our audience a tangible example of piece of advice about how to become their own peacemakers . Some kind of message to take into their own, as they leave this event today. One of the things that ive come across is i have both talked to other women who i think you by getting involved in one way or another, whether in an elected office or another position, and often i met with the response, i dont know if unqualified. And i think as each of us looks into our own lives, there is so much uniquely qualifying about experiences that weve gone through, ways that we may not have recognized when we actually have had experience leading a group of people or leading an effort. And i think our voices need to be heard more, and recognizing and valuing the experience uniquely that we bring to the table, whatever that is, is important for us to recognize and then to be able to convey to others. My advice is really along those lines of sort of leaned in for women who want to go into politics. I would put the new ones on it that you shouldnt be afraid of the negativity. That it is part of the game right now and you have to have these intense debate and youll be attacked in commercials and tv, things like that. Its going to happen but if you dont get involved youre not be able to change. Ive always thought one of the best ways to change is if people of opposite parties that may stand in the opposite boxing ring on so many things, that theyre willing to say, courage is not doing that anymore. Courage is when youre willing to stand next to someone you dont always agree with for the betterment of our country. And for people to be way to go together on tv to do those things will change things. Because not everything is negative. The only way you can change the nuances of it is by doing it yourself. For me, balance. In my 30 years of elected office im still trying to find that balance between my professional life, my family life, and finding some me time as well. Im still juggling. We still feel like, whether youre at color in a day or whether youre up but restore or a member of congress or never of the senate, we are still, we have our professional lives, personal lives and we never get it right. But keep juggling and youll find that balance that fits you and it may not be a textbook definition of balance but if that works for you and it works we found, then thats a great thing. And never forget that family is the number one, above Everything Else that you got going on. Your relationship with god and with your family. And taking the vows analogy, i will tell you what women juggle is an egg, a bowling ball and a chainsaw. And then the cell phone rings, okay . That is what our lives are. I dont care what you were doing or who you are, to me what i say to women, all women, whether democrat or republican, independent, whatever your, say yes. Step out of your comfort zone. Every one of you are qualified and able to step into the arena and run for public office. And we need you. We need your voice. We need your leadership. We need your common sense. Women, as i said, multitaskers, communicators. Bring people together. We listen. Were the ones that ask for directions when we are lost, right . Thats us. I would encourage all women to get involved in so many ways. Involved in your communities, in your careers. You can have it all, not all at once. I have three great kids. I have drugged him across the country. I have drugged him across the world. And here to washington, d. C. And people say to me, youre a great role model to your daughter. And i said, im a better role model to my sons. That they see strong women that are willing to stand up and say, okay, you know, i would put the flak jacket on, ill take because im going to do whats right for them, for the future, for my constituents. And its just a joy. The kind of Relationship Building that were able to do as a team is important. Walking across the aisle getting things done. I seen in Financial Services committee. Ive seen in many different ways. So i will leave you all with just say yes. Thank you so much for such an engaging conversation. [applause] you are watching cspan2 with politics and public affairs. Weekdays to get live coverage of the u. S. Senate. On weeknights watch key Public Policy events. Every weekend at the latest nonfiction authors and books on booktv. It is a past programs and get our schedules at our website and you can join in the conversation on social media sites. The deadline is approaching for cspan studentcam videocam competition open to middle and high school students. Answering the question whats the most important Issue Congress should address this year with a five to seven minute documentary that includes cspan programming. They are is up 100,000 in total prizes with the grand prize of 5000. Get more info at studentcam. Org. The u. S. Senate is about the gavel in for a pro forma session. The purpose is to bring to an end the first session of the 113th congress with the second session, and legislative work beginning next week when the senate will meet monday at 2 p. M. Eastern. Enable continued debate on extending longterm jobless benefits, and later they will debate the nomination of janet yellen to chair the Federal Reserve board. She will replace ben bernanke. Senators will vote on the nomination monday at 5 30 p. M. Eastern. Now to the floor of the senate. E senate will come to order. The clerk will read a communication to the senate. The clerk washington, d. C. , january 3, 2014. To the senate under the provisions of rule 1, paragraph 3 of the standing rules of the senate i appoint the honorable harry reid, a senator from the state of nevada, to perform the duties of the chair signed patrick j. Leahy, president pro tempore. We just saw Senate Majority lead reedy gabble out ending the first session of the 113th congress. The second session begins next week. Requirement that some religion affiliated organizations provide Health Insurance that includes birth control. The Justice Department today calls on justice to dissolve her stay on the contraceptive coverage requirement of the Affordable Care act to the government says religious nonprofit groups can certify that they dont want to provide contraceptive coverage. A group of catholic nuns who run Nursing Homes said even signing that form violates their belief. At 1 45 today cspan will be life with jack martin my name is kevin nelson and we are in the washington at the letter press. Weve been in business for nine years. We started in 2004. Primarily we use eight wind mel which is eight letterpress found in most commercial print shops. They used it for cutting and foil stamping but we use it for printing. Not that many people in modern times use them for printing because they are slower, a lot of print shops that use it with 40foot long 6foot presses which could send out tens of thousands of print. This is more for meticulous hand work doing artistic sort of printing but it is the heart of our business. When you are buying something that is made with so much in tension, its just has more presence if you are sending a card to someone that hasnt been massproduced but has been handled by an individual, i would hope that would have more meaning for the person on the receiving end that its made with love. Now the author of a recent book analyzing the Worlds Health care problems and the role of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. We spoke to an audience at the New York Public Library in late august about the causes and solutions for the World Health Care crisis. As well as the spots on u. S. Health care reform. This is an hourandahalf. [applause] good evening, everybody. I would like to thank you very much for taking the time in your busy schedules to come and listen to this lecture and i would like to give a special for her kind invitation to be here. You have been very gracious to me having traveled in different parts of the world presenting my book on my ideas i actually do have a scientific background in genetics as well as Public Policy. So, if these have been advantageous and actually understanding that health care borrows the scientific part of it and i would also like to thank very much from switzerland who was a person who sponsored this research in the six years of my life, and it is very funny because in the beginning, when i was working on this area i was working on the area of biotechnology finding different ways to develop at the school what diplomacy and health care was not the priority at that time. But then as i continued to travel and to speak with many experts all over in the United States and latin america or europe, i found out that health care is something so complex that it depends on madison even though we generally assume the idea that the issue is health care insurance. So it was a project in my life which i dedicated completely to this project, and i am very glad that i have the opportunity to share this knowledge not only what scientists and physicians but also the general population in that way. I think that is what a book should be about. It should be about informing the general population and defining things because those are the ones that are generally affected by the promise of health care. And with that i would like to start my lecture. So what we are finding right now is that characteristics of the new consumer are very different. In previous years general patients were in a very docile position compared to the doctor. And now it is quite different because people now are fighting for their right and they are informing themselves and i think that is the internet has done a lot of positive things in that regard because we have a very informed populations of this is a wonderful opportunity for all of us right now. But im going to talk about, first of all i will be talking about the Global Health care crisis because this is a problem that is not only exclusive to the United States but it is worldwide. I will be talking about one of the courses of the Health Care Crisis and also once i have covered this i will move into the pharmaceutical industry. I would try to make the efforts stay on everything so whenever you have questions, please do not be afraid because i will try to be very clear and the sick about this. I will be speaking about the Different Solutions on what is required for health care to be resolved and finally come to the conclusions you get something that i wanted to mention from the very beginning is that i would be focused mostly on the Global Health care crisis and as a part of that comes the United States. So first of all, we need to define when we read the newspapers and listen to the news and as we get older, we are always concerned about ourselves and this has been a big issue in the United States, not only to the Obama Administration but also before that. And so, people talk about Health Care Crisis and people talk about having access to health care and medicine, but what is it . The Health Care Crisis is basically a financial crisis. There are not enough resources to provide the two important aspects. One of them is of Care Services and the other is pharmaceutical. This is an issue that gets complicated because as we have made many attempts in technology and medicine, people list now longer and have a demographic explosion. What that means is now these resources are very limited worldwide savitt gets more and more competitive to have access only to health care but other issues. When it comes to the political level, they have to fight with other important issues on the Pension Plans cahal and that is an issue which is going on global only the United States, but worldwide. So, what is the manifestation of the Health Care Crisis . The level of manifestation comprehends first of all the economic aspect and why economic . Because it passes by government and people. More and more money on health care. That is an issue with a lot of tension in the United States it is creating a lot of tension in latin america and europe and also in the rest of the world. From a clinical perspective also there are other problems because nowadays it is very difficult for doctors to develop drugs that are safer. It isnt a single drug that is a medicine that is 100 safe to people. So, we are finding also an increase in resistance not only to antibiotics could have been developed in the last 50 years, but also the chronic ailments are also showing resistance, and this is happening all over the world. There is another element here which is a pharmaceutical plant, and they have become more and more difficult for the pharmaceutical industry to come up with new drugs. As of these drugs that are currently available have a point in which they are very good, so it is more and more all the time to come up with better and more efficient drugs. We have worked in the political dimension in which it becomes more and more difficult for politicians to address this issue so with this creates a problem in these things that many of these politicians take rushed measures and policies in order to please people and keep them quiet rather than thinking in the longterm about how to solve the problems which are happening no longer in the world. And so, it has a great importance because from the socioeconomic point of view for the first time we have a population which is getting more six and that is an issue because in the economic perspective, it is very, very difficult to have a sick population or a population which is unhappy about what is happening in terms of their health and their health care. So, what parts of the world are affected by this health care . In general, we think of the United States because this country has had health care falling for decades, and also we think of the development world. Also, the reality is that there is not a Single Company in the world that a person does not have a Health Care Issue of one sort or another so it is affecting the United States, canada, latin america, europe and asia, africa. So this is a global issue and it is very important to go over each one of the systems to understand because of the Health Care Crisis and how we could solve them. It is very funny because in general people think that everything in the United States is perfect and that everybody here is life is wonderful. And the reality is that United States has a lot of problems right now and they are affecting everybody. So, i see that people are learning more in the United States and people have to struggle here, too. In general, the United States is a Health Care System which is the most privatized in the entire world. Yet, half of these Health Care Spending is finalized by the government through medicaid and medicare. So, what is happening is that by this time the United States is spending more than 17 of its gdp on Health Care Spending right now compared to 5. 2 in the 1960s. That says a lot about this. So the Health Care Costs have soared for many decades. And then even though we is spending more in terms of the of money spent, it has the highest income rates and it is the country in which people have the lowest Life Expectancy and the amount of americans at the age of 55 is lower than other countries. So, one of the characteristics of the United States is here and the United States does not so this creates a lot of problems because of the baby boom generation and also because of the increasing longevity it is also affecting the Health Care System. So, before obama signed the health care act, there was a 46 , 46 million americans with Health Insurance. So that has created a lot of pressure. So the point of the obamacare this is very complex and i would get a little bit into that. So they decided that there are many unhealthy habits in terms of lack of exercise and all of those things have an impact in the qualityoflife of people so what happens as it comes to 55 people have to suffer a lot of chronic ailments with hypertension etc. Because of those issues. So in what this can table in terms of the infant mortality rate we compared the United States or the of the industrialized nations and this has one of the highest income mortality rates in terms of the amount per capita spent on health care and the United States is the highest in terms of the amount of spent by the government and subsidized by the government. It is also the highest and that is a qualityoflife in general. So, this is a big issue when it comes to spending so much money on the result. And so in the United States what is happening in the Patient Protection and the Affordable Care at 2010 or obamacare one of the things that has come out of that is in devotee an extension of coverage about 30 million americans and then the strategy of that is that it comes to make available for them Health Insurance through basically a market. One of the things is that theyre worried about containing cost. So, does this really represent the role for health care . And i would go back to that question as we talk about the different cost for these problems. So, as i mentioned earlier, the United States has no price controls that embarrassed the big issue because for many years this has been a debate and the United States is the lead country in terms of Science Technology anbar also pharmaceutical development and that issue has great repercussions all over the world as well because if something is very expensive here than the chances are that its going to be expensive elsewhere and people will not begin to afford that. And another is the United States system that after all this conversation and reforms are started what has been happening then is that of the deductibles and also the of pockets have increased at least three times in the last five years. And then there have been other increases in health care directly to and the system, and the situation is not going to change. Because regardless of whether people are going to be in short, what is coming in the future is who is going to pay for the medicine that all of these people are going to need, especially for the businesses. And i will get back to that point. We see in the United States that they adopt the canadian system or the universal Health Care Plan coming and in many ways, i see that this is something that one police to treat seriously because everybody should have access to at least basic health care coverage. Everybody should have access to medicine. Everybody should have the best health care possible. Now, there is an issue here in terms of the culture, too he the the United States as a culture in its history which is different from canada and from the rest of the world. And if the mentality here is such that people one of the best options for them as people fight for their right. That mentality does not exist in other countries. So, it is happening now is that when we talk about the universal Health Care System, canada has it but then there are a lot of people that are covered by universal health care because it is a one singlepayer by the government that we are running to the high year efficiencies and we have a lot of problems in terms of people waiting to be at least six or eight months and then during that time, heres a lot of people having their ailments complicated for people dying. There are a lot of things that is stopping them from getting access to the best medicine. So, even the canadian Health Care System which has been proposed to be imitated here in the United States has a lot of problems and it would be in many ways to implement that system in the United States because the histories are very different in demint devotees to people here to get and that mentality is not like that and other countries in which people basically take what they are given. So there, we find an issue so there are a lot of problems and the canadian system. So, we go back to europe and we find similar situation in which people always think about these on the other side. And what is happening in europe many people say i went to france and i was attended there and it was freed or i didnt pay for this in this country and everything. But, if we look into this, nothing is really free. What happens is that people are paying this Health Care System from their own money with the taxes they paid. Something is really freak you get what they could see free is something quite complicated because economically than all of these countries that are spending more and more money. Succumb they have a limited budget and that limited budget, the Health Care Part is consuming more. So that is the healthcare is consuming more than they have less police and then they have to sacrifice their equality of other areas within the economy come and that is really not good. So, what is happening in europe is that for many decades, the european Health Care System has tried to create a safety net for people, so that everybody is in one way or another perfective to protect it and has some health care. But the issue is that this has become a great difficulty because health care has become affordable and in many of these countries our Financing Health care what that they do not have access that is common here in the United States its of the differential pricing in which 100 for instance is priced in one way and one country and then differently. Its actually in the state right now that was an issue in spain. So even if the european systems a lot of people in the United States is coming to the point in which it is very difficult and sustainable and that is the case for countries like the u. K. , greece and spain where it now, italy. Theyre having a lot of problems in terms of the percentage of drugs, etc. Today and in places like the u. K. Beer suffering from an excess operation in the sense that one patient has cancer that patient is not going to receive the same treatment that the patient in the United States would receive because it is just too expensive. So, what would happen then would be that those people who decide to cover that treatment on their own these eight fine you can do that but then Everything Else you have to pay for so they basically get kicked out of the system fife. So for four or five years there is a lot of pressure from the public the medicines that are available in the United States like has been the case for cancer. So this is providing the European Countries working with someone in the minister of justice and there is a problem there and the Supreme Court was limited which has been the envy in the Health Care System is having a lot of problems right now because they see the employment and they have made it there for him to switzerland privatized on the subsidy for the government on the affordable these have universal health care but then they have a petition in terms of access to medicine. So, as what we are seeing now we see the problem of health care not only in the United States and that a serious problem in the country that is especially emphasized because of the low fertility rates in europe and also the increase in the longevity. So, on the japanese case behalf of the suicides have to do with Health Care Issues. So this is actually continuing on the government population. So, what does go to the developing countries. The situation is very sad because these people have to suffer from a lot to do have to suffer not only all of the issues that one finds in the United States and the rich countries in which people live longer with the 80s, hypertension. They dont die of infections they die of cancer and there are a lot of problems in terms of infrastructure and in terms of medicines and now drinkable water and electricity, everything. So, people suffer the same issues that people in canada and japan suffered in some countries like sierra leone there are no hospitals, not even morphine, so it becomes a very complex issue and being from a panel myself and knowing how it is in latin america, even though we have a universal Health Care System, this universal Health Care System is a collapse because they cannot afford antibiotics. As you go to the doctor and it could cost you 2 or 5 to trigger doctor. You could go to a specialist for ten or 20 but when it comes to the prescription of madison, it is and affordable because the medicines will not be a very expensive. Plus, then there are other regulatory issues. And unfortunately, we have had the case of poisoning and killing of people. Recently with newborns because of these medicines. So, this is an issue which is affecting all over the world. And then on top of that, we get also the Infectious Diseases because most of these Infectious Diseases are then in the tropical regions, so we get in the case of child disease which is [inaudible] which is also why the sunlight. So, on top of all these problems that people have to suffer, you name it. The have to suffer foot problems, they have to suffer a lack of electricity, drinkable water, transportation, everything to you and this is having a big affect especially when it comes to the homeland because they are affecting the children and what you find our children who cannot learn and cannot develop. So, all of this is creating a tremendous setback on society, and also in the development in which poverty is feeling poverty. So, now we have a description of the different of a system that we find that this issue regardless whether it is private or public, whether it is universal or not are going to have these problems, so what is the Common Element . If we think about it, there are multiple causes for this globally. And i have divided them into three different categories. The first category that i have found has been a structural concept. Their mercy of economic and then there are scientific and financial. And many of them and what happens is most of the Health Care Systems that we have today they were created after world war ii. And then add that time, first of all, the madison didnt cost much, but also the population and the welfare of people. As a, what happens is that many especially in the u. K. , in the United States, in france, they had a long start. I mean, they really began with a difference is to start. There were many more people and they were a demographic explosion to the at what happens is that the need is complicated after a while because they never expected the work population was going to be this large. So, this actually is one of the issues that we have been caring for about 60 years now and that is affecting us right now. But it comes to the socioeconomic issues is after the Second World War there was a lot of increment in the societal benefits in the west. And that had a good impact in terms of a prolonging of peoples lives. The antibiotics had already created and discovered. And then people had a good life, so that also has a good complication in the sense that people became lazy and less conscientious about health care and also in most of the urban areas people having cars, etc. So all of that had an enormous impact in terms of people taking care of their own health. We are fighting also for our own health. So when i