The only way to meet the power of violence is with nonviolence. There one of them Major Repairs of this was a man named pirate ruston, a protege of a. Philip randolph who organized the march on washington. And what he argued was that nonviolent resistance was critical to any kind of success of his Civil Rights Movement for tomb two reasons. One of them is what questions are aware of. But the other is much more strategic. Will you do when you resist power and do it non violently and except the consequences of it is essentially withdraw consent from the state. I do not accept the legitimacy of this power that is putting me below. And so if enough people withdraw consent the regime crumbles or at least that part of the regime, that law can crumble. The only way that the apartheid terrorist system which existed for the black community for much of American History, the only way that it could crumble is if enough people with drug concern to. Of course you do not have to participate in a constitutional convention. Any time we stop there red light or agree to pay our taxes or do anything that involves cooperation with the local government or State Government or federal government, any time with cooperate we are essentially giving tacit consent. The genius of Bayard Rustin was to realize if you withdraw the consent the state loses its powerful hold over you. If there were a number of people at the march on washington who understood this and acted on this. One was a man named jerome smith, 23 at the time of the march, from the warns, and he had been involved in civil rights activism at this time for 13 years, since he was the grand aged ten growing up in new orleans. Now the way that the bus operated in new orleans and many other cities at the time was they had these things called screens that they put between the seats. They fit into a slot. If more whites got on the bus then moved to slow further and further back toward the back of the bus. Any time awake moved the slot for the back blacks had to give up their seats. One of the every day indignities of being black in the south. Now jerome smith in 1950 when he was ten years old pickup one and three to the ground and said, im not calling along with this. The driver threatened to have him arrested. A kindly old woman took him aside and said dont worry, i will take this boy to see his father and make sure he gets the spanking of a lifetime. As soon as the bus driver drove away she embraced him and said, keep on doing what youre doing. That is exactly what he did. He was one of the freedom riders. His greatest contribution, i believe, happened in may of 1963 and played a major role and the Eventual Success of the march on washington. Jerome smith was one of a handful of people invited to the apartment of attorney general robert f. Kennedy in new york city. It was a group organized at the last minute by the author James Baldwin and included some of the leading lights of black intellectual life like lorraine hansberry, kenneth clarke, harry belafonte. They all showed up at the apartment to give a state of the nation for the black community and the United States. After welcoming his casts Robert Kennedy recited some of the gains that the Kennedy Administration was planning for civil rights. He went down a list that included hiring more blacks than any previous administration, having more executive orders for civil rights, support for a number of different civil rights initiatives. When he was finished he opened the floor for discussion and question. The senior members of this group turned to youngbear ron smith and said, look, mr. Attorney general, we want you to hear directly from someone in a fire on this. Jerome smith was sitting right in front of Robert Kennedy. Robert kennedy was sitting on a chair. And the first thing that he told the attorney general was, mr. Attorney general, you make me want to puke. And needless to say Bobby Kennedy was shot. That was just the beginning. He proceeded to tell him that if the u. S. Had gotten involved in a war with cuba he would not fight. The attorney general was aghast. This concept of conscientious refusal for military service was a little bit foreign to him. He looked around the room at the older members of this gathering for a little bit of support. He wanted them to put the young man in his place. They nodded and said, thats right. He is speaking what we want. This meeting lasted three hours. At the end of it robert f. Kennedy walked out physical shaken. So did James Baldwin, the author who organized the whole event in the first place i talked with a man who took him to a tv station for a live interview, henry morgenthau. And he told me that James Baldwin was so shaken up, so physically to stir that he just said, henry, you need to take me to a bar and we need to get a drink. In refused. When need to take this interview. And in the interview fall plan was still physically shaken out. This was a Pivotal Moment for the summer. It was only a few weeks later that president john kennedy announced his support for the most overreaching civil rights legislation since reconstruction in a speech, june 11th, he gave the most farreaching statement of support for the Civil Rights Movement as a moral cause, has an american cause. There had never been a speech as personal rights in American History by president. Now, jerome smith was speaking intelligently. He was getting to the heart of the matter, which is that segregation and all people systems, in fact, depend upon the consent of the people. It might not be that blacks voted for segregation. They did not. They did not vote for anything, most of them. It might not be even that a lot of white people voted for segregation. Half the country was kind of aloof from the whole issue. But by going along with a system that allows it to happen, you are giving tacit consent. And what jerome smith was telling Robert Kennedy was, i am withdrawing my consent. This is very much along with Bayard Rustin. Let me tell you about someone else and acted with extreme intelligence. A young girl named barbara john who lived in a town called farm bill, virginia. It was in the county called Prince Edward county. In the years following the brown versus board of education decision all of the south organized massive resistance to integration of Public Schools, and no one was more massive or resistant than the state of virginia. In fact, virginia closed down virginia passed along in 1959 saying no county or city needs to provide Public Education for anybody. If you want, you can shut down your School System. Back in 1951 barbara joan was concerned about the inequality of School Facilities with black and white schools. What happened was in virginia at the time you were only required to provide schooling from grades k8. After that you could send them off to work in the fields or farms or factories or to do nothing. There was one School System in virginia that did offer k12 education for blacks, and that was in Prince Edward county. That is why the schools were so overwhelmed. And so robert john intelligently organized a boycott of the school until blacks would get equal facilities. She went with her group of supporters to the naacp asking support. They said, we will support you, but we wont support for separate but equal. We will only support if you join this lawsuit that we think will make it to the United States Supreme Court and become a litigant in the case that will become known as brown versus board of education. A 15 yearold girl helped to unleash a whole series of events that eventually led to the crisis of the schools being shut down in Prince Edward county from 1959 until 1964. Many of the people who went to the march well, not many, about 100 verso orzo volunteered in Prince Edward county that summer to create summer schools for all of the kids could never been to school before there were some who did not know how to hold a pencil or what the alphabet was. They had not been exposed to even the most basic teaching and learning. And number of people who ended up on the mall that day sleeping for most of the day, it turns out, but many of those people were essentially children of the movement that barbara helped to create. So the Civil Rights Movement first had to get physically involved, get people to put their bodies on line. Then it had to come up with intelligent strategies for overcoming extremely long odds against them. They were a vast minority and had no opportunity to use any power at the ballot box. When they try to exercise any kind of right or privilege there were terrorized. So in order to overcome this situation to have to first put their body on , second come up with a smart strategic approach which Bayard Rustin was the leading figure for. I was not going to be enough. I want to tell you about a couple of figures. One was daisy bates. One of the leading supporters and organizers and helpers for the little rock nine. The Rock Central High School was desegregated. The National Guard was sent by president Dwight Eisenhower because governor or fall far this did not want to see Central High School desegregated theyre kind of everyday adviser, counselor, a teacher, comforter. She had been involved in politics for many years and became the point person to help these nine children get through the terror of walking to School Every Day confronting physical and emotional. She became one of the heroines of the movement. No, daisy bates could have been excused for being hateful. Just after she was born her mother was raped and murdered by three white racists. And she was putting put into the care of a couple of stepparents. As she grew up she saw her stepparents taken an enormous amount of abuse themselves. She saw it with her own eyes. She went after stepfather and said, why do you accept this abuse . Why dont you hate these people into the steve . And he said quite simply and this is a comment you will hear, you return hate with love. You can hate and violence. You can hate the intimidation. You could hate the and fairness. You can hate the lobbying on the side of the races, but if you hate all of that you have to do something about it. She dedicated her life to working in a Civil Rights Movement. The key point is you return it with love which is a profound concept. There was someone else at the march that day. He came down from kent ohio in his little vw bug. They sat out on the mall and listened to the activities. He held an umbrella. The sun was intense. Edwin markham with the king got to a certain part in his speech where he said what i think are the most important for words, not i have a dream, but on arent suffering is redemptive. Harold later told me he felt the surge of electricity go through his body. It was as if he had been touched by the most profound thing in his life. You remember back to the story his father used to tell him about his grandfather who was the landowner in alabama. One day he was sitting on his oars on his own property. He was shot dead by a white farmer who was jealous and angry that a black man could possibly own anything. And win his father told him the story about how his father his grandfather were shot down in cold blood he essentially told harold of the same thing that daisies stepfather told her which is that you cannot hatred. You cannot fight hatred with hatred. She and harold likewise took that to heart. Now, for a lot of people, the highlight of the whole watch march on washington was the famous i have a dream speech. I agree, it was the highlight. As i said before, i would like to emphasize four different words. Honor and suffering is redemptive. And when he uttered these words, he was trying to do something as he would say soulful. He was trying to hold the movement together. This movement was pondering and facing unprecedented pressure from the outside. This was the summer that the fbi decided there were going to go after Martin Luther king with everything they had. This was the summer when literally tens of thousands of blacks were thrown into jail, some and conditions as bad as James Lee Pruitt for the temerity to march in stand up for basic human rights. This was the summer also win the younger blacks in the movement were starting to get impatient with Martin Luther king and his emphasis on nonviolent resistance. They started to listen more to people like malcolm x who talked about by any means necessary and also a guy named Robert Williams who had already fled the country one of the leading apostles of fighting violence with violence. There were a number of people involved in monroe, north carolina, some big battles there. He was he was finding and malcolm was finding a lot more followers who were arguing no to nonviolence and no to integration. And at the same time that there was this movement on the left, and more radical edge of the Civil Rights Movement to repudiate the very core of the movement, there was growing pressure from the right, not only developing plans to go after the movement, but movements throughout the south among the governors and the state legislatures to essentially passed constitutional amendments that would take the right of congress away to legislate anything on sole right. Slowly moving toward passage of the time. It would have essentially created in the Confederate States of america. There was a lot going on. He wanted to hold the movement together. The core of the movement was, of course, nonviolence and integration. To do that he had to somehow reach his followers who had been so abused for so long who had walked into pill your clubs and water cannons, carted off to jail, left there, terrorized. He had to somehow appeal. And in what i consider to be the core of his speech and the core message of he said i know you have come here out of great trial and tribulation. Some of you have come out of marriage. Some of you have come here having suffered physical abuse, economic abuse, and every other kind of indignity. He said, but are want to tell you, honor suffering is redemptive. Think about that. Here was a leader, have real leader who was talking truth to people. He was not telling them it would be easy. He was not telling them that there was a safe place to go. He was telling that to go back to mississippi, alabama, louisiana, georgia. Go right back into the middle of the violence and the terror. He was telling them that if you do then there will be a redemption. You might not see it, but there will be redemption. Think about it. He was telling them in the sense that progress cannot come from the beneficence of the people in power. Theyre going to fight back when you want to take away. If it was born to be easy there was no need for the movement in the first place. This is hard work. He insisted that under arent suffering as redemptive. That adds what i think is the third core element of this great movement. Always much more powerful because it taps into things that once there no one can take away. He took seriously the command to love of neighbor as thyself. He sometimes joked, the tsunami now have to like him. And it was this extra element, this third element, along with bodies on line and thinking with high intelligence as ever has been brought to bear. These elements were on display. I want to close the couple of quick comments. I started talking about harrelson. I would argue strongly that every one of these people i mentioned is a hero, and there were thousands of other ordinary euros on the mall. Ive always told a few stories. One of the important things to remember is it has to come from ordinary people. It cannot come from the professional activists. Martin after king was a professional activists. They did all kinds of great things for their people and for this country. It had to be the ordinary people who were sprawled out in front of them. I just heard the talk last night , a psychologist argues about ordinary everyday heroes and says that in waterford good to happen you have to prepare to be a hero. Ordinary people have to prepare to be a hero the extreme situation, and its almost always going to be an unpredictable moments, theyre ready to jump in and do the right thing. The small contained upwards of 500,000 people, the official estimate is 250. More independent estimates say more like 400. Filled with ordinary heroes. That is why the march on washington was so important. For the very First Time Ever all america got to see the glory of the Civil Rights Movement. Now, i understand that we have a little bit of time for questions. The way this works is that because cspan is taping this, you have to talk into a microphone which the dew is going to be passing around. Okay. So he is there with the mike. Anyone who wants to have a question, i am happy to entertain. I was going to ask you with the title came from. There are a lot of great anthems, and that is one of them. Atop that it really kind of captured the termination to move forward no matter what. No matter what cancun there was no going back, no going back to terrorism. No going back to anything except for basic equal rights for everybody. I thought that song captured the defiance and determination that hundreds of thousands of people display that summer. Won over here. Our love your boat. I think it is brilliant. I am wondering what you as an author went through in terms of a changing or non changing image that you personally held, what he thought, what you thought as he reported it and went out and rode it and what you think now. Well, you know, i have always been in all of Martin Luther king. I remember when he was shot i was seven years old. I lived in philadelphia at the time. The Philadelphia Inquirer included a big glossy color photograph. I take it over my bed. I dont know what it was because i was too young to understand. I dont know what it was the was so captivating. He has always been discreet source of inspiration. I also have always known that he was human. He had his own frailties, floss. He did not always to the right thing, not always as courageous as he should have been. But to me the thing that is most great is not that he had so many great quantities but that he was able to overcome his own inherent limitations. When he was a boy his teachers said there was not really anything special about him intellectually. He could not ride it all. He almost never spoke. You could tell back then that he had this determination. He did not know what it was. He wanted a little different. It was not until after he finished college and went to the seminary just outside philadelphia, it was not until the end that his vision for himself as a leader and a civil rights activist really jelled. It was also not until then that he stopped hitting a people and it is hard not to hate people who are pressing. Growing up in atlanta, even in the comfortable circumstances where he grew up, in dignitys more or around. What amazes me so much is that intense striving to go to the next level, to not be satisfied with how much you know, not be satisfied even with your own philosophical point of view. Her round the time of the montgomery bus boycott that was a nonviolent movement. Cain did not really understand what nonviolence ones. He had our cards on his porch, pistols line around, and it was not until Bayard Rustin came down from new york that he was called the american ghandi. It was not until he came into his house, moved into his basement to live, not until he got there and he really understood not only tactics but the power of nonviolence. Up till you one more thing. I love this man. The talked to a guy named Floyd Mckissick chair near his bother with the speaker for their congress of racial equality. The leader was in jail in louisiana at the time. So mckissick stood in for him. Now a state legislator in north carolina. He told me that his image of Martin Luther king, jr. Is this gentle father figure who would taken by the hand, walking down the street, buy him an icecream, played with him, tickle him. That is a sign of what people dont see. Multifaceted, always, always interested in growing beyond whatever he was. Anything up front . To use the to questions. Our age as the ford of hair wasnt . If so, what . Account. Well, you know, its hard to say the cynical part of me wants to say yes. I dont know that. I dont know the client needs of hair was. I no there are all kinds of people doing all kinds of creative things. Starting schoolrooms. Colleges like yale and all over the country people are just dying to work and come to the intercity and teach. So theres an idealism is a little bit of that enthusiasm resonate touting . I suppose, but that is a pretty time consuming way to pack you resonate. There is a wellspring, a real desire to do something to make the world better. I think we live in an age where it is kind of hard to do the right thing, hard to have the time to develop yourself. I think we live in a society of greek distraction, a society where we are so unbelievably materially welloff that we have no idea how well off really are. We are dissatisfied when we dont have a new car when we dont have the latest computer were flat screen tv, none of which really matters. These things are really distracting and take your mind off of both how lucky you are on a daytoday basis and how much report there is to do. So i pick above all else we live in the age of distraction. That undermines that really powerful urge the people have to do something good. By the way, this man was at the march. [applause] my recollection is that coming out of the 50s, the whole concept of protest was not legitimate and was regarded as subversive. Do you think the 1963 march played an Important Role in beginning to change that so that you could actually organized the demonstration without the feeling that you were being subversive and might end up in jail or be beaten up by the cops . You were. But i do believe the kind of conventional wisdom about the march on washington is that it did not make that much of a difference. It was a nice way for the different factions together. There was this great speech. A lot of people remember, but in the long run it to not make much difference. That was kind of my point of view. What i have come to realize is it made a huge difference. This was the first time, the first time that all america, to see the Civil Rights Movement unfiltered. It was the first major unofficial event covered live by national tv. And when america was able to see who these people were and how decent the war, and it was palpable. When america was able to see how decent this movement was and how uncomplaining this movement was and have determined to put their own bodies on and have determined there were to love their neighbors. This is all corny. When americans saw this i believe it transformed peoples understanding did it do it instantly . For some yes, for others now. But it made a major difference. A couple of other important facts. Behind the scenes there was a battle over whether there was born to be a woman speaker. Ten officials. The current legitimately complain that they were not represented. The bunch of of the people. And there were told by Philip Randolph and capping three, look, you are represented james farmer represents to. John lewis represents to. There was eventually a compromise. She was given a short little speech. A group of about eight women were asked to stand up and down. But i believe that that played a major role in the emerging womens Rights Movement because there was this really strong, sharp, palpable notion. Hell is it different for blacks to be claiming their rights which they deserve. How is that different from women being able to claim their rights . It became pretty clear pretty quickly that it was not right. And there was another inch and incidents. Only speculation. I believe that the march on washington is a major influence in creating the Free Speech Movement which began that next year. One of the main leaders was involved in the Civil Rights Movement. Ive still not been illdefined out. In any event there was a big battle behindthescenes. The Catholic Church threatened to pull all of its priests and nuns and followers of the march because they considered his speech to be too incendiary. A marched throughout the south to shatter the system of segregation. That was too incendiary for the Catholic Bishop of washington. He threatened to pull out. Eventually he did change his speech. There was a big free speech issue. I was very much on the mind of every activist. The newhall was calling on. In new exactly what was going on i believe that his first speech was filled every bit as much as his second speech. It contributed greatly to the Free Speech Movement and as a result the holstered movement and eventually the peace movement. So this spawned all kinds of things. Can i prove that . No. It had a major influence. This was an american politics at its absolute best on full view, not only the u. S. , but the whole world. This event was covered by satellite throughout the world. So they saw it in africa, asia, europe. There were going to see it in the soviet union, but it went too well. At any rate, it was seen across the world. That, in turn, had a major impact on people in Colonial Systems who were thinking about their own struggles. Martin luther king was a major influence for the Democracy Movement which had a very interesting role on the trajectory of the vietnam war. So this is a signal moment in American History. Anything else . This . You touched on it a bit, but how much to you go into it in your book under the clash of the class is between the leaders, just to be there to support civil rights . When you say class you mean class is. Okay. Well, one of the saddest things that i came upon in this research was a memo that kind of summarized where the planning ones. I got all of the records. I went through them page by page. One of the saddest moments i had was finding a memo where there were listing all of the speakers at the march. One of the lines said unemployed worker. It was crossed out. It was an affectation that use what he wanted to get peoples attention. He said that children, the only thing that matters is having as many people on the mall as possible. To show that this is a grand movement and we are not going anywhere and we get our basic rights. But i think about figured that was probably a correct decision. What i have loved to seen an employed worker get up there and speak from experience . It was one of those compromises that the organizers made to continue moving forward. It was so important for the unemployed worker. These little tensions existed throughout. It was a kind of traditional civil rights approach to more the more radical things. There was all kinds of tension. They were all united because they wanted to make this thing happen. They also realized that the United States was really in danger of kind of blowing up. We kind of think that our times are bad. There is a lot of ugliness, tension, hatred that exists. But it really was exceeded by those times. What enabled them to get through it was really the heroes that we all know about, philip ran off and Martin Luther king and john lewis and all these other people. But also the other heroes that were on the mall. They were really ready for anything. They are the people that reacted when danger approach them. Over here . Thank you. Mccarthyism had not died at that point, unfortunately. Could you explain to what effect they had a role that they played and how that role is given . We were these stewards that were kept in the back. Is very interesting. When the idea for the march verse started to develop in december of 1962, what they were thinking of doing with having a centennial march for the emancipation proclamation. It took effect on january 1, 1863. They were thinking, okay, this is the great centennial year. We need to do Something Like that. They got together in december and they agreed that they would try to get some kind of march on washington going. Philip randolph had organize one and then he called it off because frank lin roosevelt, the president , caved in to his demands for a executive ordered banning discrimination against blacks in wartime. So he wanted to do this march in the worst way for many years. And they kind of planted the seed. By the time that he had met randolph, he had already sent stanley a lot of lights on a fundraising mission. And he told him that i want to go to the left wing or organization. To get money. Here is why, he said. He said kennedy will want to control this thing. So when you talk about georgia the afc if we go to either of these two guys, they are going to go back to john f. Kennedy. So we would lose control of the thing before we even got it going. So he told him to go about to the left oriented labor unions and get money and to start feeling out, you know, who would be interested in doing this. As it turned out, it was the main guy, who was a critical part in this. For example he was on the side of the Catholic Bishops who are against the speech of john lewis and they kind of pressured roy wilkins and john lewis to make sure that they accommodated catholics. They didnt want to see this whole big fashion people lead. So he was a liberal by any stretch. But he was also terribly concerned because of a handful of phrases and speeches. Organized labor was oftentimes deeply racist. Although walter had been talking about this for many years, there was still no significant white membership in the leadership of the uaw at this time. So he had clay feet, but he had not come through on his promise to integrate the labor movement. It was a hard thing. A lot of labor was really concerned if. Much of it was racist as well. Now, is there anything else . You described yourself when all this was happening as the suburban philadelphia at the time of the march i was a 2yearold from chattanooga, tennessee. That does not matter to me. My question is what made you so interested in the subject . You know, i really dont know. But i will tell you that i was already interested in this in this event and incident happened. But when i was young, i was born in Hamilton Hospital in chattanooga, tennessee, in 1960. I was born and the county hospital. My mom gave me a vb book i remember looking at it and seeing i mean, i knew intellectually. I knew it factually. But it did not sink in until i saw that. But the feeling that i think i have had my whole life has been so important. It just swelled as i did the research for this book. But the feeling i had my whole life is thank goodness that was better than okay. It was the law. To think that i was better because i had white skin and to think that i deserved better facilities because i have white skin . We have a lot of problems with race and poverty and classes. So i dont mean to minimize this at all. It was because of these people and i think that i have always been grateful for that. My gratitude just overwhelms me at times as i was doing this research because, you know, it was referred to as a black movement. But there is was really no such thing in one sense anyway. It was a way of redefining what it means to be a citizen of this country and it was redefining how we look on our fellow citizens. I did not hear people using racist words or make the argument that whites are better than blacks. I know people say that. But i didnt hear it. I did not grow up going to a white school, like i went to school with a lot of blacks and hispanics. So growing up in a kind of postracist society, even though it hasnt solved all the problems, that is an incredible gift. I think that i knew that all along. I believe that it is what pulled me forward and tugged hugged me. But it only grew in intensity as i worked on this research. Do you get involved in Civil Rights Movements . A lot happened in this country. Here is what i think about the civil rights. After the march on washington. This is what i would like to think about civil rights going forward. To take a couple minutes to get it out. Very important topic. But after the march on washington, one interview took place about what would happen to the movement. In a famous article was written called from protest to politics. And in these remarks and in this article, he argued that as soon as basic rights were granted, as soon as the legislation passed, the movement itself was kind of over. Now that the people were given basic equality under the law, now what politics is about is bargaining for your piece of the pie. So rather than demanding this all along, the basic rights of humans, the politics shifted from making universal demand to bargaining for your share of the benefits. And as soon as you move to a bargaining style of politics, you lose a lot of moral elasticity. Grants for job training, bilingual education and housing and all kinds of other things. Its not that that doesnt matter, but the kind of giveandtake politics as opposed to universal demand and no compromise kind of politics. That is what we have been dealing with since this period, roughly 65, 68, however you want to trace the end of the Civil Rights Movement. We have become a nation of bargainers benefits. But i believe is that we need to make a move back towards a discussion about what are the universal values that we need. We need to think about politics and policy. We need to think about it in terms of making sure that everyone has access to certain basic things. Let me give you one example. Education. I know that it is controversial among some people, especially among the teachers union. But i believe that the single most important thing that we can do for civil rights is taxfree and open choice. There is no reason at all that a black child or a poor child or any child should not have the same access to education is somebody coming from a world of privilege. When someone moves from iowa to new york, my father went about three or four months ahead of time specifically to find the best School District he good for me and my brother and my two sisters. In other words, my family were very lucky to have school choice. So now how can other people not have a choice. I believe that it was a fullfledged movement where every single child, every Single Family in the country could select whatever school works best for them, that we would see an unparalleled driving of educational excellence. You could pick other examples as well where others can move up front again and we need to get away from the kind of backandforth bargaining difference. Because i think that that has gotten us into this and it is where people are also confused about what the goal is. If the goal is to create more benefits and create a more correct system. I would like to see this move from protest to politics towards universal basic access. Are you pleased with what you have done with your education . Yes can you educate the world . Do teach everybody what are they doing with that education and all the things that are happening in the world right now. I do know about a lot of things because ive been through a lot. On every economic survey, people make far more money, they have far more choices in the kind of choices that they can have. Ive made more mistakes than i care to admit the night country and i care to admit. Ive also done a lot of things right and a lot of it has to do with me getting a good education in Public Schools and getting a scholarship and i am eternally grateful for the education that i get. Basically what gave me was choice. The more education you get, the more doors that open for the less education you get, the more doors that close. So that is the big thing to me. Would you get involved in the civil right movement. On it and translate about what im doing now. Ive developed a system of writing, which i call a writing code, which i believe can transform anybodys writing a matter of days. Im talking to some people in boston about getting a group of High School Dropouts together so that i can teach them what they did not get in high school. Writing is not as hard. But what it does do is that everybody can enjoy the basic skills of writing. One of my motivations for doing this is putting new powers and tools into ordinary peoples hands. It involves me putting more tools into more peoples hands. Thats right. Understand. But they are tearing about this in many different forms. Okay . Everybody up next we will take you live to london for Prime Ministers question time. This is the First Official question time since members return from their summer recess. They were recalled last week on thursday to debate a motion on syria. After full day of debate members vote against a possible military strike in syria. We could hear more about that during this mornings question time. Time. Now, live to london. We explained that yesterday that this bill would not affect and change the law concerning chair decision political activity in the sense of when they go to support or promote outcomes. I am sure that my right honorable friend the Prime Minister has answer this question to me times to count. The governments lobbying proposal would only apply to third party controlled lobbyists who make up a small minority of industry. The association of professional Political Consultants estimates [inaudible] organized by lobbyists will be captured by the legislation. Does the minister agree that s
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