Twitsphere. Thank you very much for a great presentation. Im a former world bank and intelligence and state department person. You did, i think, mention driverless cars. And the Current Issue of the economist magazine is an article on chinas progress in pioneering driverless cars. And china is also very good in biotechnology. So, what does this kind of competition offer to rust belt centers . The sands of competition shift all the time. I read that article and, sure, theyre beginning to develop the expertise but google has been at it for the last ten years or so. So, ten years, gives you a certain head start. So, when it comes to really smart products, i think the United States and to some extent various european places have an enormous head start because of this sharing of brain power. What we sometimes forget is that political revolutions are noisy and bloody. Economic revolutions kind of creep up on you and this is what is happening now. What were seeing is an economic revolution. We just dont get it yet. Just think of how you have learned to live with your smartphone. How you now dont go to the library to look something up in a book. No. You do it right in your pocket. It just happened and you never even noticed it. Its a revolution. I tell you, working in the Research Triangle park, you have people say to you all the time, what do you think about what theyre doing and china . What too you become that what theyre doing in boston or Silicon Valley . We get what would you think yeah. Teddy roosevelt said it best. Comparison is the thief of joy. You can sit around and obsess about that, but just get on with it. Just get on with doing stuff. Make a difference. Work with people. Make things happen. It will im the great optimist and i just believe that, have faith in the people in your effort, make the invex and just get on with and it things will happen. I want to bring rebecca into this because rebecca was part of this network of sspi science and technology. And came up with a fictional federal policy or federal program or federal initiative that probably everyone in this room would support and build directly out of this book, and then they pulled this fictional program, and what were the poll numbers . They were like incredible. Innovation Science Technology for economic prosperity, and so it was basically university research, the commercial engine, i could get those things out and then intermediary organizations would connect. And polled a lot of that in battleground states. 97 approval rating, 87 across the whole, and then we said, would you pay for it . The most after van guard one was the gasoline tax to people would pay 54 in battleground states and pay a gasoline tax to Fund Increased commercial development and it was done by both democratic and republican polling agencies, and the whole polling methodology. So i think thats an Incredible Opportunity to be able to leverage we have an innovation advocacy council, and that polling data in these conversations and end, too, with the book. We have been talking about these types of things for a long time, and i think the book gives a lot of credibility in the way that fred and antoine wrote it to be able to bring back to our city governments our city leaders and be able to talk about what needs to happen as we accelerate the transformation. The era of cheap is over the era of smart has begun. Thank you antoine and fred. Thank you to the panel. [applause] every night for the next seven weeks on cspan2, booktv will be in primetime. Tomorrow night, we hear from some of 2016s best selling authors, including jeremy mccarter, coauthor of the book about the Tony Award Winning musical hamilton. We hear from the all authorize of valiant ambition, george washington, Benedict Arnold and fate of the american revolution. Book tv starts at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on cspan2. Washington gorgeous is live from the Republic National convention in cleveland. A discussion on the committee, and then rnc rules Committee Special Counsel and janes bob will talk about his work with the Rule Committee and arizona Maricopa County sheriff and delegate joe arpaio will join us to discuss trumps answer to illegal immigration, and darrell roleland, talks about what has happened so far and what is ahead at the republican convention. Be sure to work cspans washington journal beginning at 7 00 a. M. Eastern, tuesday morning. Pleasure to welcome you all today to our visiting speaker series. My name is im a Senior Researcher here. I do a lot of research in augmented and Virtual Reality, and for long time now i have been fashion nailed with the ability of those economies to change the way we perceive the environment, the way we think about our body, our experiencees and how we can change the with a that we experience the world. So its my great pleasure to today welcome you and to announce kara platon and i its about hacking all the sends, about what other people in the world are doing to enhance our abilities. I just want to give you a brief biography of her. She is a journalist and currently teaches at Uc Berkeley School of journalism. So, without much further adieu, heres kara. Thank you. Thanks. Thank you for come taught see a newbie author talk about her new book, this lecture is the first time ive given this onement i maded just for you, since im coming to microsoft, i know some people are working in augmenting and virtual amendment. So whenever i give a talk i figure there are two questions that people want to know once they see my giant head, which is, who are you, and how did you report this book . And i thought, i can do this for you in basically two minutes and then we can get on to the good stuff. So, i am a science reporter itch teach at uc berkeley and what i did was i took one year off from teaching and i basically surfed through eight states and four countries by posting where i wanted to go on facebook and seeing if people would put me up, which was a really cheap way of reporting. And my goal was to write about people who are having sensory perception, doing cutting edge research, but to make sure it went only people who are in universities. I wanted to see people who are doing science and showing that effect in the real world. So i met clockmakers and transhumannists and body piercers and biohackers and perfumers and robot builders and surgeons and perfumers and awesome people, and to give you the short version, i went here, i and went hear, anybody know what that is . They keep the atomic clock, and i went here, and here, and here, and here. Thats marilyn monroe, and here and here. Thats london. You can see theres the word t. And its very and i smelled these things, and i smelled those things and i drank that stuff. And i wore that thing. And i wore that thing, and i wore those things, and i met this robot, and i met this thing that helps that robot, and met this vary ancient commuter. Anybody know what it is . The difference the first model. Because i wanted to understand this very, very mod concern computer. This is part of the clock now. The slowest super computer, a clock meant to last 10,000 years. Got these tattoos. Augments tattoos that an nate when you hold them up to a mirror. They were temporary. I got another lot another turn a lot of stuff that looks like this into stuff hat looks like that and i turned these into those, and these into that, and i did that to my laptop. Those keys theyre actually cratered. Just worn off. I did that to my wrist. I did that to my couch. Along the way my students sent me this care package, finally this happened, and then this happened. And then this happened. This where is we need the giant head. Thats the galley proof of the book, and finally this is happening. So, i think we did it in two minutes. So, i know you havent had a chance to read the book yet because it just came out so ill give awe a quick overview. This is a book about sensory perception. How you experience the world through your five senses, which is taste, smell, vision, hearing, and touch, and how you can hack them. And the starting point for this book is that there is no one reality. And once you get over that, the rest is real easy ride. And what i mean is theres no one single experience of the world. Instead what is happening is your bryan is constructing your brain is constructing an experience for you to have and what you perceives is different than what everybody else perceives. Thats be because were all genetically different. Your brain and body are different than anybody elses. Part is because perception is malleable. Theres a huge amount of information coming at you all the time and you have to filter and screen it to construct a coherent experience for yourself, and the way you learned to tend to different information and discard the rest is different. The senses are limited. We only have these five sensory portals but there are other animals that can sense more. So like sharks can sense electricity, and snakes ick sense infrared. Honey bees can see ultraviolet. A lot of animals, turtles, back tier use, that can sense electric field. And i met with a group they were frustrated. Why cant we see gamma rays, see a sunset in infrared . Getting centurysed by a stupid butterfly, right . So they and other grinders like them were building implants in an effort, in a bid to give. The as new sensory experience. While they were kind of an extreme they were part of this much Bigger Community of people working to push the boundaries of sensory perception, and some people that i met are doing it for medical purposes. Theyre trying to help people who have a medical need. And some people are doing it to expand or enhance what we can sense. This book is 11 stories and i kind of think people might read it sort of like i think of it as being like baskins robbins. The one of the fit people on the planet who has relearned how to see. About one of the first people to get a retinal implant. Dean lloyd who was bosh with normal vision, lost it as an adult do to you a genetic disorder and volunteered to be one of the first people to get an implant that is actually implanted in his eye. He wears a pair of spectacles with a camera over the bridge of his nose. The camera translates the images to the electronic impulses that travel us up to his jane he perceives a certain form of vision. Thats molt what herms from when he was a young man. Her done see three dimensional, he see flashes of light that indicate contrast points between dark areas and light areas but its enough that he can navigate and recognize objects. When he was staring at me a he said he cant see organic material but he said i can see your eyes. Your eyes are glowing and i was like, that would do you mean . He was seeing the reflection off my glasses. I went to watch robotic surgery, amazing experience and why i had to get so many vaccinations. Went to see the doctor who was operating thon patient from across the room. Wanted to understand robotics because rights now doctors who are doing teleoperative surgery have to do it totally visually. The dont get touch feedback from the patient and that can cause some problems. They dont know how tightly their pulling on the surety tour and it takes an experienced surgeon. So i learn about some of the lab at stanford that are working on basically how to Prime Minister the robotic devices to render feedback to a surgeon. What ill realized this was leading to was not for surgery. Its for the development of a better generation of neuroprosthetics that could move and be controlled by thoughts. That we be able to render touch feedback so a person knows how tightly theyre goodriching an october so they know if something is about to fall from their grasp. One of the things that the researchers told me is that one of the things people who use prosthetics ask for most is to be able to feel the warmth of a loved ones hand. I think touch is very important. I went as you saw i went to learn about the build of the 10,000 year clock, project of the long now foundation in san francisco. The idea is to reframe the idea how we think about time. So the idea is to build a clock that will last ten thousand years without a human guardian and you can imagine the engineering problems involve in doing that. So, this book has a lot of science that deals with electronics and computers but i also make the argument that technology isnt just gadgets. Its anything that we can build to help ourselves to alter our experience. So i make the argue. That language is a technology and the first chapter is the search for a sixth taste. I went to high school you learned there are salty, sweet, sour, bitter and at the turn of the century came this idea of savory, which had been understood as a concept in japan for 100 years but had not been season inside the west until scientist discovered receptors on the tongue. And people in the west learned how to taste this taste. That unleashed the search for other candidates. So, i went kind of on a quest around to taste the other candidates. If anybody comes to town hall ill talk about how language affect our ability to perceive what we taste. This is about a chemical technology, about perfume, about a group of volunteers who are working at a hospital in france who use sense as a way to help people with alzheimers and other dementias to recall memory. As i learned, loss of smell is the first clinically observable of alzheimers disease. Smell and memory are very deeply connected in the brain. But since im here at microsoft i wanted to tell you about Virtual Reality and this is not a technical talk but i wanted to show you a really cool application i got to witness while i was recording. I just want to talk about immersiveness, about how immersive these technologies can be and what it was like to meet you and use it. So my First Experience covering Virtual Technology was in 2008, when i went to jeremy very Virtual Human Interaction Lab at stanford university. The fir experience was the pit. Anybody been in a pit sim simulation . The floor rolls back and theres a little board and you have too walk of the pit. Right . And it is an immediate experiment in presence. How much do you feel youre in that world. The test is if you react to the pit as if its a real pit. And did immediately. Right . I started to do this. And jeremy said what are you doing with your arms . I said, oh, yeah, right, no need to balance but i was really in the pit. He said people have the worst experiences in this simulation. They scream, they run across the board. I had a friend, another journalist who went to his lab to do a story and she couldnt do it. It was too real. But i got out in middle and says what happens if i jump off and he said, try it. And so i did. And i fell, and it was amazing, and thats when realized i really like vr. But i remember thickening it was kind of like falling down in falling over the cliff in a road runner cartoon. The same brick went by over and over and i fell standing up, like, the coyote and win i went back to research the book i wants to see if Virtual Reality had changed. Researched the book between 2013 and 2015, to make the experience more realistic, and what i saw was amazingly real. So i ended up spending time dish went back to the lab at stanford and also went to i had this amazing experience at Buckley Air Force base in colorado where i spent time with the National Guard unit that was about to deploy to afghanistan. So, they were participating in a Clinical Trial of a program. Could strife which stands for stress resilience and emersive virtual environment. The idea was to see if they could be made more resilient to developing posttraumatic stress disorder by pretreating them, by exposing enemy advance to stressful situations they might experience while in a war zone. And this project is run by dr. Albert rizzo, psychologist from usd. He runs part of this group called the institute for creative technologies, and he had spent already about a decade using Virtual Reality has a tool to treat ptsd in those who had already deployed and come back with symptoms. The created worlds called virtual iraq and virtual afghanistan they can use to simulate stressful situations that soldiers might have. And the idea is the soldier goes into the virtual scenarios while theyre there with the therapist who is guiding the vr simulation and then the recall memories. The therapist says tell me what happened to you and as the soldier describe s it the therapist makes that thing help. If they say i remember gunfire, she ick make the sound of gunfire. If theyve say can remember a sand storm, she can make a sand storm. Want to show you these are images of dr. Rizzo in his lab. These are some of the images from virtual rack so vvirtual iraq. This is a checkpoint. A much more stressful checkpoint with a sand storm. This is an ied explosion in a market. They do at love tome that youre actually in a vehicle because thats a very common situation, so he heres one inside a humvee. One thats kind of an ambush situation. Heres one of being inside a humvee and actually being hit by an explosive. And these when he is in his own lab, he doesnt only use vision and sound. He actually has sub woofer built interest the floor which vibrate to create the vibration of the moat dispore she shock of the explosion. Pumps smells into the room so diesel, garbage, sweat. He has been walked through the simulation carrying a prop rifle. Doesnt do anything, just for the weight and the feeling of carrying its. When he said he was think about using a heat lamp to mimic the heat of the desert. The only thing they cant figure out is taste. He thought maybe he could make everybody eat a spoonful of sand. So, this experience is meant to be hyper real, and its based on older psychological tech anything called exposure therapy so the idea is you face the thing that scares you and it stops being scary. Right . And this idea had actually been around in Virtual Reality. A day were the hardest to treat and they hadnt been helped by anything else so a lot of soldiers were willing to try this novel form of therapy but there was a big difference between using Virtual Reality to treat and giving it to treat fear of spiders or Something Like that. When you are afraid of crossing a bridge or afraid of what happens. When you are in a war at the scary thing is ready happen, you have to resurface and memory. So they werent sure if it would work and they werent sure how hard would be on the people who were doing it so they did their First Experience in a Veterans Hospital in case anybody basically at a psychiatric emergency and needed immediate help. They created these two scenarios one was a Landing Strip and one was inside of a huey chopper. They were so worried that a one point in the chopper of voice yelled moveout and they were worried that people would rip off the spectacularly expensive helmet. But it works. Nobody through the helmet, nobody had psychiatric emergencies and everybody got better. When they did a followup screening everybody got better. I wanted to read you a little thing. This is one of my favorite quotes in the book about how powerful this virtual scenario was so soldiers details from their memories. Somebody saw tanks to somebody said they saw the enemy. We didnt have the enemy and it. Somebody said they saw water buffalo. We didnt have water buffalo. A bulldozer operator who had a using the mouse button they had given ms pretend bulldozer control so when skip rizzo comes along people grew up playing videogames in the military relies there was a need for dealing with ptsd. In 2000 for the new england journal of medicine published an article showing 11 of Army Soldiers returning from afghanistan met the bride treating people after they have developed sentences and enough. What if i can pretreat them and this is based on the psychological principle called state dependent learning which we all did in grade school which is you drink a lot of coffee while you are studying for the test and drink the coffee why you are taking the test. The idea if you have stress while teaching People Stress rizzo says its going to less i want to say thanks to him very briefly a little bit of this scenario. I want to warn you its pg13 for violence and Strong Language just in case theres anybody here who might be worried about is im going to shade the first couple of minutes and then i will kind of fastforward to the part of the metal. Pardon me. Maybe. I am getting the beach ball of death though. Okay, here we go. We dont have any audio. Audio people should i restart it . No, yes. I was working when it it was working when i tested it before. We only have some of the technology. The component supplier temperature 101 degrees no wind little cover. The southern face of hills known to hold insurgents camps. The first squad third puts platoon the conduct and knock and talk in a Residential District to question villagers about local increases in ied activity. Intel has a highvalue individual in the area and the nonied components supplier named azar con also known as biscuit. The third platoon lost one of its drivers and the Security Patrol last week peered ied shrapnel has been laid up in germany. Vehicle three new driver under corporal soto i guess tribe or you need to keep the between your palm v. And the one ahead of you. K driver everyone. C thats where it its at, son. Dont be a hater. Was that racist . There you go. I aint got no conscience. Shut up. That knit up. Vehicle three checkpoint also. You get the idea you were inside the humvee and so that the team leaders leaders next year they are two guys in the backseat. You can see the governors legs in the ideas you are replacing a previous driver and distract a task which is keep a certain distance of the car in front of you so what it does is it goes on for a while and it lulls you into this boring desert driving scenario and tell it reaches a point where you have to make an ethical decision. Its very small but im going to try to scroll to where they have to make a decision about what they have to do. [background sounds] there may be some more boring stuff. Driver pull over now. What are we stopping here for . This is in romulus. Vehicle when this vehicle to, why are we stopping, over at. Standby, over at. Roger, out. Abbadi . Is he dead . The fuel we have got out there. Holy mother of god. Is dead . Shut up. Hes alive, did you see that . Sweet jesus. Basically whats going to happen from that point on is people in the car will argue about what you should do in the scenario. Should you get out of get help or should you wait for an antibomb squad to arrive and so they argue about for while and in the virtual advisor pops up and offers the soldier advice about how to get through this situation. You can see thats a pretty disturbing video and it was the least disturbing of the ones that i saw. I meant to model these ethical situations and thats not whether something happens to you but matter of conscience. So thats an idea of a hardcore military use of Virtual Reality and i wanted to tell you something about a degree kind of Virtual Reality thats going on today went back to jeremys lab at stanford which five years after the first time id gotten there had really changed. It used to be in this room with the helmet i can computer and i was pretty much it. They remodeled it so was this beautiful studio precision tracking that they were still doing a variation on the same thing which was a study what they call a proteus effect which is named after the greek see god and the ideas they make tweaks and they see have that picture behavior in real life. An early generations of the experiment former students like nikki and jesse fox they made people taller in the Virtual World so they would have more attract a dating Partner Summit dating web site and they found people that about their height they found that people who exercise more when an avatar like them was shown exercising and losing weight. Jesse found women who spent our time in avatar dressed in racy scanty clothing and scored higher on tests of acceptance the idea that a woman who is sexually assaulted deserve it or did something to provoke the attack. Their group is interested in this idea that what happened in the Virtual World affects the row world. What you do in the rogue world so for example i went back one of the things they did was they put in a virtual shower and it had these instructions. Whats your right hand, washer lefthanded as ideas i could see the avatar of myself standing in front of a place and as i will wash my body she would look at me and coughed into the crook of her arm and this would seem to go on forever. Id take them to take matters because it was so excruciating. What happened was after the experiment they had the wash your hands and they would measure how much hot water you use and the idea was to see it that it may be more sensitive to wasting energy. The people who were in a virtual experience used less hot water than people at a different kind of experience. There was another one where they had me chop down a virtual tree and they had a comptroller that would mimic the saw and i was on a hilltop surrounded by it virtual trees and i would saw and the tree was slowly fall and all the birds would stop singing. It was so enormous a sad. Then in the experiment afterwards what happened is one of the experimenters would accidentally knocked over a glass of water and ask you to help clean up and then afterwards they would count how many paper napkins you had used as a measure of seeing whether not you are being more conservative about paper. They have begun a new generation of research where they were not only interested in prosocial behavior but interested in the concept of flexibility which means wearing bodies that are like a human body. I just wanted to read you very quickly from the body that they put me in an experiment they were doing at that time. Cody is their lap mastered their so its dark and quiet and cody who is cheerfully strapping the devices onto my appendages with infrared markers around my wrist. He helps me into night on an infrared markers along my spine. On goes the helmet and he asked me to get down on all fours and slip the stimulation on. Im a coward and a pasture in front pasture in frenemy is another capretta explains this is america image of my avatar pic there because given the physics of wearing a helmet while crawling is hard to see my own body as a cow. My cow self is adorable of pintsize brown and white calf with curved horns and a body with spindly legs a lift my right to defend my cow doubled as the same. I tried around a little bit. They use the word body transfer and is the cow copies my movement thats what we are doing. Welcome to the stanford cow pasture. You are a dual purpose breeds suitable for dairy and brief production. Momentarily jarring he told unsuitable for beef production by roll with it and the voice gives me instructions. Walk over to a card in eat. I do my best to position myself over some hay. My cow doubled this is a bit of voice kicks off staff about how much much weight i must gain three pounds a day to book up to 600 pounds but i wonder whether i should mind to wing although no one has requested it. Now the voice tells me to walk over to a water trough. My cow double and i moved to the left. In the real world that can see a cattle prod covering and world air and in the row world is a wooden doll held by a lab assistant. Normally he would have jacket with a lightly and i would this is a synchronous touch code he later explains which is another way to produce body transfer. I stand over the water trough and the voice tells me i need to drink up to 30 gallons a day. Please turn the left until you see the feds from restarted said the voice. You have been here for 200 days richer target weight so thank you to go the slaughterhouse. I was not expecting this. The waive of sadness and horror that hits me with the word slaughterhouse with the announcement that feeling of being trapped in the guilt and responsibility feel for my cow avatar who i somehow simultaneously feel is younger and more innocent and i should point out a vegetarian. Stir market we have a for having been this virtual fly from a few minutes. A part of me that is the cow the part of me that his person is yelling. And anger born of nervousness, this is brutal lash out at no one in particular. The Simulation Press is telling me to she gave innocently adorable and ever. Here you will await the slaughterhouse truck to the floor begins to vibrate and hear the grinding of approaching tires but i feel a rush as the world shakes nicely around me. I wonder where the truck is going what will happen next but the experiment is over. My god you guys they hear myself muttering under the hum it. So after that experiment to lebanon using more unlike the human body. He can be sent authority towards a ban but its a the next experiment they put in was koro. The idea of you are in an ocean be worn by carbon trackside emissions in a wide choice of whether and you watch the ocean die around you. What is going on with the simulations . Why do i why do irs have to watch myself die . These are very intense so they gave me one and i wanted to leave you on this note although i can also but i wanted to leave you on the snow because i thought it was, this is the moment that clicked for me about how immersive these environments can be. Before you leave i will pay you one more demo to illustrate the increasingly how easy it is to adapt. Theres no experiment here. Just a grassy backyard near pleasantly the terracotta world are done in stunning detail with and smoke themes rendered and painstaking great. Of fire with trees swaying in the gentle caring updrafts of dandelions. Im struck to have comfortable it is to be here. I want to peer through windows walk through open doors. Expect the world to unfold endlessly in front of me. I start looking for the simulation flaws signs that this is the real place. Its perhaps too. Extreme giving it a stagy themepark quality reminiscent of i find myself wishing they had rendered a parking garage something with ordinary life and then theres the slight tug on the back of my head holding my helmet cable walking into realworld walls as i ramble to the landscape is mostly think about how pleasant would be to roam here an adventure game or watch the dramatic story in boulder to stress. I get down on all fours and feel the grass beneath my feet. Ipad my way to the founding gazes the water sparkling in the afternoon breeze. This is when the world one true true off me. I have no reflection. Sometimes the moment that proves how tightly its bound you because while im internally debating, to virtual water looks like real water this is how things looked patiently holding my in a dark and tasted yet. Im on my knees arms outstretched looking at myself in the fountain that is unfair. So thats it. Do you want to see the bio hackers . I told the woman on the search for the sixth fence and a lot of biohackers started planting magnets. Thats the first death in the step after that is to build things and interact with magnets. The book i kind of go on a quest people swear they can get some sensation through this but the question is what is it . Is it true perception or something to do with the fact that its in your hand and touching the nerves that convey touch information . I wont spoil the book. Thats the last chapter but i will introduce you to the founder, one of the founders of the grind house. When i got there they had just implanted him with a device called circadian synthesis or katie a on the breadboard. This is circadian encased in silicon. Where life is the size of a deck of cards. This is circadian in his arm. I should say he does not do this himself. They have a professional piercer to this and this is what circadian can do. Here is holding the charge. You were going to see it blink three times to show its receiving the charge. I dont know if you could hear that very well but somebody was singing jingle bells and jim says im a festive guy. What circadian did was attack they took the temperature and relay that information to a cell phone. They had plans to put that implant in for six months or they took it out after three because the battery was the heating coil but it was really just kind of a test. It was kind of a concept to see if they could put something in the body if he would develop an infection, there would be if there would be a silicon pretend none of that happen. It just started building a device that they call the northstar and this is what the northstar looks like whereas there. They idea for the norstar was an enhanced compass and it would light up when you face north so would be like a de facto powers of the homing pigeon. Thats what looked like a november 2013. This is their First Manufacturing model. You can see is the size of a quarter. The following images are courtesy of justin worst who is one of their team members. This is the final implanted version and there it is in justins hand. They put it in just before thanksgiving. This version does not have a working compass on it. It just lights up. They call this a light version again like a proof of concept that you can see they are working on it. Its coming along. So thats it, thats me. You want to reach me at behalf be to take questions if you have any. Thank you for being such a fantastic audience. [applause] will lose the most surprising thing to you when you wrote the research for the book lacks payment for the whole book . Oh man. This was a book of many many surprises. Basically i was like water what are all the cool things i can see . The bio hackers are definitely very the fact that they had gotten that far they havent died yet. So its really surprising. The big thing that i did not know and was amazed to know was about alzheimers. It did not realize the loss of smell is the first is credible symptom of alzheimers and the first symptom of parkinsons disease. It has to do with the fact the old factory area the brain is very old and memory developed around it. Its very primitive and the idea that you could give somebody a sentence out the mccullough memory these french ladies that i met who worked for cosmetic companies and politics in hospitals they are doing a hack. Its not a cure for alzheimers but its a shortcut around the symptoms. I thought that was very cool and i had no idea that existed when i started any other questions . When we return can about a lot of these virtual experiments and feeling sympathy for the cattle it seems like there is a lot of you know environmental or political bent to some of it for good or lp reminds me of the experiment of shocking the prisoners. Can you comment on how Virtual Reality experimentation some of the ethics around politics and forming opinions based on experiments . We are turning to things that are prosocial. We want to do things that help the common good which is why they have these things about the environment and helping other people. They have some other simulations that test whether or not if you basically fly around the city you later will be more inclined to help people and if they render you colorblind people be more sympathetic to people who are colorblind. They are doing it for these prosocial purposes. That said there are terrifying potential uses of this thread i thought about that but the military stuff too. Theres a very heavy moral message in the military stuff. I dont know whether im particularly susceptible so when i went in them i felt an emotional connection very quickly. I dont know if thats the same for everybody but to me its all very real. I was studying this stuff so much and was there to have an experience but one of the big concerns that people raise was what happens when we dont realize its not real . What happens when there is more blurring between the virtual and the real . Particularly what happens with augmented reality when they are feeding information and you are not aware of the choices that programmers of the device made about what information you are going to give get. What information the algorithms give you a what information is left out of what happens when we are letting her behavior be steered by Virtual Networks of other people who are thumbsup and thumbs down to our activity and as a moral force of the crowd controlling your actions. I think those are good things to think about. I dont have answers. I feel like technology, its a tool or a hammer for good or for ill and i feel as a reporter i dont make any final judgment but what i saw was powerful. And you think about the sense of taste