Call us and let us know what you think. Republicans call 202 5853881. Democrats can join in on 202 5853880. Independents can call 202 5853882. We will be joined by the Washington Post white house offer us moreto perspective on the state of the Financial System, four years after Congress Passed the dodd frank act. Media. Join us on social facebookvia twitter, or send us an email. Morning to you. I want to start by having you explain exactly what the goals of the dodd frank act were. Caller it passed in 2010 as a response to the financial crisis that nearly brought down the u. S. Economy before the Federal Reserve could save it. They try to learn the lessons of that crisis. It includes a whole host of new regulations on wall street. Risktaking by banks and consumers. Fail, keep the system operating without having to bail out banks with taxpayer money. Host those are some big goals there. How much progress have we made . We definitely have made a significant amount of progress eared there remains a lot to be done. Includes 400 additional provisions. We have done most of them. Things like the volcker rule is in place come a which limits how with theircan invest own money. Place, which limits much banks can invest with their own money. They cant do as much of that. Frank took three big steps toward trying to make the Financial System safer. A graded more financial oversight. It created more financial oversight. It empowered the Federal Reserve to hold more money as an offset case a crisis came. There are many more rules for how banks can trade and invest. Everything from derivatives to mortgages. Finally, it created something known as the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau which is the centerpiece of the law. Regulatee power to banks and other institutions and it is consumer focused. It is the one place where the average american might see some changes in their lives from this act. How much influence and impact hasnt had so far . Caller it is beginning to have impact. The weight will impact Many Americans is not through something they will feel, but something they wont feel. It will be charged an exorbitant e by a Credit Card Company they wont be charged an exorbitant rate by a Credit Card Company. It works behind the scenes. Examining banks to make sure they are not doing bad things. There are more direct effects as well. They have simplified the mortgage lending process. They know more simply what the terms of their mortgage are. And putting the burden on the bank to make sure they are lending to a borrower who can afford the mortgage. Some consumers have felt a very direct impact. Others are not being taken advantage of. Host you mentioned a little more than 50 of the regulations have been implement it so far. What is the holdup for the other half . Caller these are very complex regulations. There are a lot of objections from the industry. If you dont resolve them in , they result in significant core challenges that can hold them up for even longer. Court challenges. The volcker rule prevents banks from taking too many risky bets. Hedge funds are now required to report to the fcc. The derivatives regulations are still in the works. Requiring companies to disclose more about how they compensate their top executives. Lawsuitsthe threat of and regulators with different turf battles. That ordination of bureaucratic is there consensus over how effective the regulations have been in making our Financial System stronger . Regulators just recently of 11ed the living wills of the nations biggest banks. Is this a sign that even these rules that are in place might not be Strong Enough to solve problems . Caller you have to look at it in a more independent basis. Already carry a lot more capital than they used to. Ast means banks cant lend much or take as many risks without having insurance funds. In terms of living wills, you can look at it to waste. They have not been aggressive enough to plan for how they will resolve themselves. On the other hand, you have to show the mortgage upfront. It is not accepting the first offer from the bank. Exercising their authorities in an aggressive way. The government had to bail out all of these banks because they had collapsed completely. The hope that we could and too too big to end fail, it is too early to see up that wilsons been it is too early to say that will succeed or not. Host the former house financial german speaking about the inefficiency found in the law. [video clip] i noted what he said and i agree with him. Was risky speculative activity that became evident in 2008. From people using that as an end to themselves. It was not helping the economy. People thought they found a way to get rid of it. You shuffle it off. Areas, these new Financial Derivatives congress in 2000 and acted legislation enacted legislation saying stay away from derivatives. In the homeowners equity protection act, they said they would not do it. Many of my conservative colleagues said we should stay way from regulating subprime. Securitization, people were making loans. The incentive became to make quantity of loans and not quality. If we get too big to fail, things have failed. By stopping these irresponsible loans and making people stand behind the Financial Derivatives , you hope to make it unlikely that people will fail. If there hadnt been bad loans credit tod not sold people who bought securities, we have no idea, you would not have had that problem. Host he was the former chairman of the House Financial Services committee. Speaking about the dodd frank bill which is named after him and his coauthor who is also now on of office. Now out oflso office. Can you tells about the political relationship tell us about the political relationship . Very longterm members of congress with a ton of authority. Willingness to work with the other side, even though republicans werent in favor of add frank, they both had good bipartisan appeal. That helps in terms of getting any legislation passed. Both men expressed frustration frank wouldw dodd ultimately be incremented. Is now the head of the hollywood industry. Frank is also retired. He blames it on the fact that republicans have held up funding for the fcc. That means they have to implement tons of new rules but have very limited resources to do so. That is why barney frank says it is going slowly. Zachary, the white house and economic correspondent for the Washington Post. Thank you so much for joining us this morning. We want to hear from you. Do you trust wall street . Has the increase in the stock market and these changes restored your confidence in the markets . You can call us on the republican line at 202 at3881, the democratic line 202 5853880 or the independent line at 202 5853882. You can join us on social media. Or send us an email. We are going to turn to your calls now. Our first one is from john in florida on a republican line. Good morning to you. Good morning to you. Ive been a broker for 35 years. Caller good morning to you. The people in this field today are some of the most honorable people. Theyre good people and they care. I think the regulations are affecting what you can do for your client. Watch outwe have to for in the near future is people doing online trading. The people who dont have the great hair from making all the mistakes are not going to be able to deal with somebody that is out there. When i got into the business, you would go into a Broker School and there would be 40 people in there. Now, there are two or three. People need to find somebody they trust that has been through a long time experience in the them and tryt with not to make a bunch of dumb mistakes. A small you think that group of actors are giving all of these guys a bad name . Caller it has always been that way. Wolves of wall street was a good example. Stockbrokers, those work on artists. I finally watched the movie. Artists. Were con honest,ebody that is that has been there. If they dont have gray hair, walk out the door. Thank you. Our next call is lloyd from massachusetts on the democrat line. Caller ive been in banking for 30 years. I work for International Banks worked for International Banks. I have been making loans for 30 years. Dodd frank does not go far enough and im a banker. The regulations from the 1930s and the 1940s were put in place for a reason. Banks that have large amounts of depositors, savings and institutional savings be put at risk for investment. You cant mix the two. Cant mixeings, you the two and think it will all work out ok. It has to be regulated. Host you said you dont think it goes far enough. What else needs to be done . Caller we have to return back to the regulations fully back to Franklin Roosevelts era. Andlast caller said walk in trust the whitehaired guy. Its not so much the individual that is good and bad. It is the policies that billions of dollars are at risk. The 2007 situation is proof of it. I watch it every day. You can have 100 bankers that will get up and say, its not our fault. It is. Its the institution and the policy and the regulators need to do the job. Tad our next caller is from rhode island. Caller good morning. Thank you for taking my call. I would not trust wall street as far as i can throw them. Million we have a 75 million gamble because of wall street. Look up 38 studios on the internet. We had these alleged moral obligation bonds. Collapsed, oure legislators had taken half 1 million a 500,000 insurance policy to make sure the taxpayers would not be on the hook. , ourthe project collapsed legislators went up to wall and they told our legislators, no, you cant use the insurance policy. The taxpayers have to pay this with the interest. It was over 100 million. They make this bond and then say you cant use the entrance you bought. There are many people in rhode island that are totally upset with our legislature and wall street. This upcoming election will determine what will happen because so many of our legislators were involved in that sneaky deal. I personally have no faith whatsoever in wall street. From rhodewas tad island on the independent line. Usa today wrote an editorial rating the financial reforms of the last four years. On twitter we will return to the phone lines now. We have steve from tampa, florida on a republican line. Our republican line. Caller im watching this on cspan here. This dodd frank at im in the mortgage business. It has done so much to hurt so many people. So many good americans trying to purchase homes are not able to. One of the people responsible for this whole meltdown, barney frank himself. You see him up there on youtube. Was work against they would do nothing but block him in every way. Then this guy gets his name on bill. Rrible people are not able to buy houses. Because of these absurd rules of this dodd frank at. Host are they not qualifying for mortgages . Or is there less demand . Caller there are a lot of people who want to purchase but cant because the banks are under this regulation trying to keep up with this dodd frank act. Buy underople want to 120,000 home, they are told no. Regulations are such that we can even make any money to make it worthwhile. The Mortgage Brokers wont help them. Who will help them . No. Nobody. These banks are going crazy under this absurd legislation absurd regulation. We have to do something with reigning in this dodd frank act. It is a terrible thing. Host we will next hear from mary in tennessee on the democratic line. Caller good morning. As far as the last gentleman calling, if you want to buy a home, go to your local credit union or a local bank. Forget the big banks. I dont trust wall street. It is very important that people read your financial report, your annual and semiannual. Usedu see that they derivatives and their transactions, sell that bond. In their transactions, sell that bond. Read the financial report. To responsible funds. I bought a fund that dealt with water projects third they completely sold out all the water projects that they were handling. And they are using derivatives. So im selling that fund. That dealt with water projects. Again, street crashes there goes my granddaughters college. My kids pensions my kids wont have pensions the way this country is going. Ive been trying to keep my funds healthy to give my kids some kind of pension. And my grandchildren. How will i manage saving enough or being in a responsible fund to cover my grandkids and my kids . Responsibilities, but the baby boomers, we have the power. We have the money in wall street. And get rid of our ds with annual derivatives they are so crooked. Thank you so much for taking my call. This is important. Host mary from tennessee. We will turn to have lunch across the country. The New York Times this morning reporting on rick perry being indicted. That is in the New York Times. Rick perry being indicted over charges that he abused his beatup our. Veto power. , bryan has won his bid for reelection in the senate, defeating colleen in a bitter primary. She said that she had not decided whether or not to do a legal challenge in this case. Votesad was about 1769 after results from two precincts that had to delay their results to friday. They found 800 uncounted ballots. This is the front page of the Honolulu Star on the outcome of this race. Chatz greeting his supporters after the results showed he had won the race. Were are asking you today, do you trust wall street . We go to kyle in new jersey on our independent line. I would like to say that i do not trust wall street. Much of the markets are manipulated. We are seeing economic signs being rewritten for the sake of capitalizing these s p 500 corporations. The vastan helping majority of these people that have been left homeless get back on their feet. Get jobs back and such. And help some Small Businesses out. That is my comment. If people want change, they need to vote for third parties. If you keep voting for the same two parties that have long served as puppets of these puppeteers in the financial world, you have nobody else to blame but yourself. Host kyle in new jersey. On twitter we will go now to george on our republican line. George is in illinois. Caller good morning. I appreciate all cspan does. Mr. Uld like to respond to the gentleman from massachusetts. I totally agree. He was a 30 year commercial banker. Referring to the repeal ofthe more recent years glasssteagall. It was implemented after the depression to separate the depositors from the speculators. President roosevelt brought that about by putting in joseph p sec. Dy as head of the of 1933 and the 1940 investment act ensued. The gentleman from massachusetts is correct. Act d glasssteagall and had a large part to do with what happened in 2007. Failed, therethat is no doubt in my mind about that. With respect to the gentleman from rhode island, i agree with him, too. He doesnt really trust wall street for the reasons he indicated. A healthy skepticism of wall iseet and the derivatives always to be maintained. Jamie diamond jamie dimon from Jpmorgan Chase was totally embarrassed. He admitted publicly he was when london bankers over in caused the company cost the company 15 billion. If jamie diamond couldnt even trol his own rogue banker mon that shows you the depth of the problems. With respect to the comments to your local, go credit union or your local bank to get a loan, the community ,ankers association of america they dont agree with what the lady from tennessee was saying. She may not have had any problem getting a loan from her credit union, but Community Bankers association of america has documented thoroughly their plight. Their hands are tied i dodd frank. In some respects, it went too far. With other respects, it didnt go far enough. Furtherresult in demonstrations of the problem of too big to fail. Worse than the disease before its over. Host the wall street journal recently tried to quantify the progress made so far in dodd frank. The story also included a chart of rules the sec is working on or has completed. Rules in progress completed rules around Systemic Risk our question for you today is, do you trust wall street . You can call us and tell us what you think. Republican line, 202 5853881. Democrat line, 202 5853880. In dependent line, independent line, 202 5853882. We are going to turn now to tyrone calling from new york, new york. You are on the democratic line. Caller good morning. No, i do not trust wall street at all. I do not trust the bankers. They have this wild west attitude toward finances. Its like the survival of the fittest. They will rush over the average public. I dont have banking experience, im just talking from common sense. I dont know how theyre running this government host is there anything that can be done to make you more confident in wall street . They have lost their moral obligations to do the right thing. Greed has taken over. Greed is also going to destroy this country. The fact that you have no ,oundaries on who you mess over your mother, your grandmother, your brother, you take their money and because you want to have more stuff, another house, island, you an screw over everybody else that you feel you can take advantage of. They have this mentality that nobody else matters but what i can get out of it. It is not right. It will destroy this country. Evenook at that though north korea and russia and all of these other countries that will be the end of it. Wolves on the street doing whatever we can to other people. Ost tyrone from new york andicizing the need and result end result of dodd frank. [video clip] the Regulatory Burden on the Financial Services industry increased. There were few industries that were more highly regulated. The list goes on. We hear a lot about wall street greed. I could not agree more. Im curious at what point was there not greed on wall street. Im wondering how that could be the determining factor. What i do know is that Affordable Housing goals of fannie and freddie on steroids and other policies helped mandate Financial Institutions into lending money to people to buy homes that they ultimately could not afford to keep. My democratic colleagues at the time said, lets roll the dice on housing. They did and the economy imploded. It was not the regulation. Was add regulation that helped lead us into this crisis. It you get the wrong diagnosis, you get the wrong remedy. Dodd frank has been the wrong remedy, adding incomprehensible complexity to encumber sensible sensible er caller you have to figure wall street as one big pimp and our politicians as their prostitutes. That is the only conclusion i can come up with. Host we will now hear from doris in south carolina. Democratic line. Caller good morning. I haveling you because this problem and nobody seems to help the senior citizens. It t even know how is wells fargo now. During that transfer when they were changing over from walkover you to wells fargo, i have never financialf my deposits in my account. Chovia. Ove i am retired now. I still have money in the banks. Being a senior citizen, they are saying that they are putting in all the children. On the children. I used to live in a place and every time i went in there, i would go to the same banker, but they are having these different faces that are only there for a few days or whatever. Nobody is perfect. There have been a lot of mistakes made. They have changed them over two different names. Dig into your money and put it into whatever they want to put it in. Over to different names. They have set up my account into two checking accounts and a man kept calling me from the bank. I did not tell them to move it, but they moved it and started doing what they want with the money. You could go to wells fargo and get 15,000 to pay down your house or closing or whatever it was. We paved the way. Host that is doris in south carolina. Our next caller is mike from plymouth, ohio on our independent line. Do you trust wall street . Caller no, i dont. We had three major banks involved in the mortgage crisis. Giving out aaa on all of these mortgages that were junk. What happened . Nobody went to jail. They were allowed to make deal is as far as giving back billions getting back billions and nobody went to gail. Is involved with the banking industry. Nobody went to jail. Look at what happens with a revolving door. They come in and go out and work for the same industry theyre supposed be regulating. We have to vote these people out. The two system we have had for hundreds of years put us in this situation. How is anything going to be done unless we get new blood up there . Host what needs to be done . Caller obama said he would fix everything. Is on vacation and congress is on vacation and nothing is being done. The whole world is in crisis. We are not the police of the world, but we are expected to go out and police the world. We have to take care of ourselves before we take care of any other countries. Host i want to read a comment from twitter. What do you think about that . Hostcaller who has money to int anymore . A lot of people lost everything in the 2000 market, let alone the 2007 crash. We are in trouble. We have to shut down the government and completely do an audit of everything to find out exactly where we are at. I cant go out and spend seven credit cards unless i know what i have coming in. We are in trouble, people. The only people who will help us is ourselves. Host our next caller is sandra from mobile, alabama third republican line. The morning. Caller good morning. Caller i dont trust wall street because every time you to make a small loan none of the banks would help me because im on a fixed income. I dont think its right to make it easier host you think that some of this is trickling down to your personal situation in terms of the banks being too cautious . Caller yes. And union so help you land either. Dont help yous lend, either. Host our next caller is from bel air, maryland. The democratic line. Caller i dont think wall street is the primary problem. If you go over the last 100 years, you will find that the , the poisoncause that permeates throughout the whole system comes from the fact that we have a fractional reserve banking system. ,f we were going full reserve the system works to keep everyone honest. Fractional reserve Banking Systems encourage shenanigans and dishonesty. By making easy money and printing currency available to steal thewould act to productive wealth from others in the economy. With the fractional reserve currency that keeps expanding, generation after generation, people see the value of the currency appreciate. Depreciate. Poweross of purchasing that permeates throughout the entire economy which is the cause of the problem and then and the financial markets. One could look at the past 50 years as anecdotal evidence of what i just said. Familiesok at how supported themselves up to the 1950s and early 1960s. It only took one person to support an entire household. The 1970s ando 1980s, it takes to income earners to support an entire household. The purchasing power is decreasing. Get into the early 21st century and you have children returning home to live with their parents so that everyone can work in one household to support everyone in the household. You have people using their Retirement Funds to pay for their children who are now adults. The devaluing of the currency from the fractional reserve which really is the poison of the economy. Frankour next caller is from maryland on the democratic line. Caller good morning. Host do you trust wall street . Caller no. Its the politicians that we have an office. The same politicians that shut the government down twice. They dont care about the American People. Nobodyin trouble because is looking out for us in washington. Wall street is doing what they want to do up there. You have the middle class going underwater. Everyday American People are in trouble. That is my comment. Turn now to fort wayne, indiana where tim is on a republican line. Menter i wanted to com on quantitative easing. It is the Federal Reserve handing over 84 billion every month to Goldman Sachs and the rest of the wall street banks as a scam to prop up wall street to make the public think everything is fine. The public looks at the stock market to judge our economy. Spent 14chael vick months in federal prison for dogfights and we have these scam ists over at Goldman Sachs these people need to receive jail time. Tim from fort wayne, indiana was our last caller on this segment. Frederick leighton will discuss the campaign in iraq. Cedric leighton. We will be right back. Here is a look at our primetime lineup for next week on cspan. Each night at 8 00 eastern on cspan. On monday, debate about genetically modified foods. Wednesday night, highlights from this years new york ideas for. Im thursday, the issue of climate change. Friday night, important sites in the civil rights movement. Book tv in prime Time Beginning at 8 30 p. M. With a discussion about fracking. Afterwords. T, wednesday, the authors of the machine age. Thursday night, discussion about the future of politics with the former Maryland Governor. Friday, indepth with rosas aslan. Resa on monday, a look at the Overland Campaign in virginia. On tuesday, the battle of fort stevens. Wednesday night, the 150th anniversary of the union defeat crater. Battle of the g on thursday, general shermans march to the sea. On friday, hollywoods portrayal of slavery. Let us know what you think about the programs you are watching. Like us on facebook, follow us on twitter. Im sarah. Im shelley. The cspan bus is an interactive multimedia education center. Affairs cspan public coverage to your community. We visit schools throughout the country. Our tour schedule, go to the website or send us a tweet. Washington journal continues. Host our next guest is colonel cedric leighton. He was the Deputy Director at the nsa. Consulting his own firm. Thank you so much for joining us this morning. I would like to start with getting your assessment of the recent development in iraq. Where do we stand . Is,t the most recent thing this morning, were getting word sul is being attacked by American Forces from the air. Theyre doing this in concert with the forces the Kurdish Forces. Has captured a lot of the infrastructure in this part of iraq. Am is the largest dam in iraq. It is part of the tigris and euphrates rivers. It gives a lot of electrical ower and controls flooding. The importance of controlling they are trying to gain leverage and trying to gain territory and course of power over the rest of the nation. That includes the city of baghdad and everything that lies south of there. Everything south and east of baghdad, that is a very important area in terms of population and Agricultural Production and the economy of the state of iraq. What do the folks in the Islamic State do . Theyre going to control all of the means of production by controlling the water flow. In the middle east, such a dry place, waterflow is the most important thing to control from a strategic standpoint. When you step back and look at what has happened before this point, there was a lot of talk about mountain jar the mountain and the independent that is not affiliated with christianity or islam. The minority is one that Islamic State has targeted for elimination. The importance of what happened was that it was seen as a point of refuge for the minority and for some other minorities, othersans, shiites and who work on getting who were congregating there. The fact that many of them were was seen by the administration here in washington as being a victory for them in the short term because it did not require a humanitarian further humanitarian effort. They have told us because there yezitis, 4000 or fewer right now, the basic idea is that there is no requirement for there to be an airlift operation to remove those people from their. From there. There are other reports from the United Nations disputing the administrations account. Has deemede United Nations this a stage three humanitarian crisis. The highest level of umanitarian crisis for the u. N. Anyre concerned that genocidal moves on part of the Islamic State are going to take place whether its on the mountain or other places. There is a village not far from statewhere the islamic may have massacred men and enslaved women and children. These are very serious allegations. Even if the numbers are relatively small, if you eliminate a group of people, it is technically and legally considered to be genocide. That is what the administration has said theyre trying to avoid. The operation seems to have work in terms of dropping supplies to the people who were there and what we call interdicting the lines of a fight that the Islamic State has. They are using targeted airstrikes to go after the until her he to go after the artillery. Strategy iswith the that it really does not get into the actual hearts and minds of the people that are there. It is hard to affect her tense to affect hearts and minds of those supporting the Islamic State by just using air power. That is what we are dealing with here. The fact that air power as a principal and sole source of power that the United States is exercising right now. They have Ground Forces and that is their means of exercising military power and they have had some difficulties doing that. With the airstrikes, they have been able to gain some ground against the Islamic State. It remains to be seen how far they can take it and how much more support they need from other countries to do what they need to do, to protect the region of kurdistan. One Success Story in the postsaddam iraq. The United States is bent on making that work in a way that it can actually keep that Success Story going gr. Host you mentioned a number of Different Things here. The kurdish military, winning hearts and minds, stopping genocide and protecting the dam in mosul. Int exactly is the u. S. Goal terms of this military involvement . As a broad and has it broadened . Host we dont have a publicly available strategy that is understood by people outside of the pentagon and outside of the military. The way i discerned the strategy right now is, first of all, avoiding humanitarian disaster. Number two, protect kurdistan. Number three, safeguard the iraqi state. Goals two and three conflict with each other because a kurdistan that is not only semiautonomous but may even graduate to some degree of , that is actually part of the possible dismemberment of the iraqi state. If you there is a huge diplomatic issue involved. If United States becomes closer to iran, which is possible through some of these that could be a game changer in terms of how middle eastern politics and diplomacy is conducted. If that happens, there could be some degree of change in the way we approach iraq and what might come out of this particular situation. Go to the phone lines. Indiana on the independent line. Caller thank you for having me on. Thank you for your service. I appreciate your clarity on these topics. My son is involved with special forces. He has been in africa from time to time. I think you know what they do there. They try to work with hearts and minds and local military forces and try to ramp them up at all levels to defend themselves. Bookd an interesting called killer elite. Came 10 years ago. What we here in the media might be 10 of what you in the special ops or the Intelligence Community really know what is going on. Future that we can team up with other Worldwide Special forces like france, germany, australia. E could use these folks we are in the information age. Beards eep our boots on the ground and at arms distance. We could stay ahead of the people that do want to do us harm. I will leave it that and take your answer off the air. Thank you for your service again. Guest that is an excellent point. The special forces of the world are a unique community. You mentioned the germans and the british and the french. They are all excellent what they do. They have certain Core Competencies or variations of Core Competencies which are similar. Iny are very effective special operations missions. To work is it a court with special forces of this type, it is important to grow other forces throughout the world. What that means is developing those kinds of capabilities in nations that are friendly to us. The includes potentially Turkish Special forces. That can be very useful. When you engage special forces, it becomes a very good way in which to affect not only hearts of minds but military outcomes without putting massive amounts of boots on the ground without expending vast sums of money. It is a done correctly, very good way in which to actually go in and influence events without having to deploy the vast resources of an entire nation. That is why special forces are good from an operational standpoint. You touched on the intelligence piece. They are very good from that standpoint. They are the eyes and ears on the ground. Only are they interacting with the population in these areas, they are interacting with the militarys on the friendly side and on the opposing side. That becomes a critical area in which to work and affect outcomes. Power isorces and air an exceedingly strong combination if the training is right and the equipment is right and the resourcing is right for those elements. Host will this reach a point where the u. S. Will have to put boots on the ground . It is possible. I hate to say that. The Administration Made a mistake in saying that boots on the ground were off the table. They might want to have that off the table forever and that is laudable. When you Say Something like that publicly, it tells them enemy what youre going to do. You should be very careful. There is a strategic imperative for foreign audiences. That youto remember are playing to both audiences. Sometimes you need to take the role of the enemy audience and bring it up to a higher level thatalk to them in a way instills fear in them and makes them guess what were going to do next. We have not been very good at doing that in recent years. Host this is coming from twitter. Yes. that is a great question. The dam was not protected because people did not expect the Kurdish Forces and the iraq a quick and massive invasion from what is now the Islamic State. Quickly,hey moved so they moved adeptly and they confronted the iraq he army that was basically riddled with corruption and had political instead of their competence, that created a significant problem because you have an officer like that in any armed forces, you will not fight for them. Cut and ran and did not protect entities or installations like the modal dam. It shouldve been protected. Should havet in been one of the first areas of defense. They should have been much better in terms of intentions. We did not gauge the intentions raab early. We lost any idea of what the intent was and what they were trying to do and what their goals were. These people think longterm. They think longterm. They have certain strategic goals asyou watch you watch their advances unfold. They are good at it. We will see how that evolves in the next few weeks. Host we are taking your calls. Next up is actually independent line in tennessee. Caller thank you for your service again. What is happening in the other minority groups in iraq is outrageous. Where are they . To turn of the world to muslim. This day will only come when everybody becomes muslim. Where are the modern muslims . I havent heard one person say that what is going on in iraq is wrong. Guest thank you. I have dealt a lot with people in the middle east. Especially with different members of the different religious sects in the muslim community. They are appalled by what is going on in iraq. Countriesee certain make political statements on the issue. Most are unclear. They are hedging their bets. Theyre trying to figure out exactly where the wind is blowing thomas to be frank about it. It want to protect themselves against any possible victory by the Islamic State. It they feel they will have to deal with a country like that. Are driven by a shiite and sunni divide. That is the most prevalent divide within islam in the current time. It is been going on for centuries. I the iranian revolution, there is a significant rep situation. There are significant issues that the muslim world is dealing with right now. Having said that, it would be very important. It would be very important that the Muslim Leaders of the moderate states like the to make an unequivocal statement and in some cases they do a lot of that work behind closed doors. A lot of what you see in public is very different from what happens in military discussions. Countries believe that they can accomplish more if they are doing work in the private sphere as opposed to the public sphere. It depends on what their specific goals are. Robert is in ohio on the democrat line. Good morning. It is reallyel, interesting and i appreciate your insights. And i wouldcomment like to know your feelings about this. Whenever i hear about this, i remember the preinvasion days and the cia analysts predicted the divide. The invasion would most likely be a success. The aftermath would be devastating. Because of the cherry picking by and his visits to the cia building. The yellow clay cake uranium and the weapons of mass destruction. Obviously, you arent intelligence officer. You know the value of intelligence for policymakers and for them to listen to it. I want to know your opinion about that. Them . Nybody listen to guest i appreciate the comments. I think in the case of the intelligence world, the best is the one that is the least politicized. We look at other parts of the world you will look at things from your own lens and a view of the world. It is the job of the Intelligence Analyst at the cai cia to do away with their view of the world is much as possible and put themselves inside the heads of the people they are looking at. It is very hard to do. I think the people you are looking at dont necessarily know where they want to go and they dont know what their main intentions are. Develops them ad hoc. They are the most difficult to deal with. When it comes to the weapons of mass destruction these in iraq, there were many people that believed at the time that the iraqis had something that they were hiding. The reason for that was because the behaviors that the regime was engaged in. Indication in the intelligence that we had at the time that they were moving weapons around or stockpiles of chemical munitions. They had it means of employing those weapons. Up there was a lot of fear. Was innd of capability existence in iraq. , we should of 9 11 never confuse what happened in afghanistan what happened in iraq, there was a heightened level of fear in the country. I think policymakers and Intelligence Analysts responded to that and looked at worstcase scenarios everywhere. This is the job of the intelligence world to provide worstcase scenarios. In many cases, you have to look at it with a tinge of realism and decide are they capable . Are they capable of doing the things you think they can do . Is there a will to do that . Is there an intent to do that . If you look at all those aspects chanceyou have a better of analyzing the material properly and developing a better intelligence assessment of what is going on. It is a very difficult thing to the fullou dont have picture and it is hard to get inside the head of your adversary. Of many of intent these things. To discern what is in side someone said and that person does not know what theyre going to think next. That is a challenge that agencies had when it came to the iraq problem in 2003. It is a challenge for intelligence agencies for everything that they look at. Very few issues are cut and dry. In the world of many shades of aboutthere are debates what the proper assessments are. It becomes very difficult. Out to rickl turn in florida on the independent line. Caller good morning. Thank you for your service. Trying to get my head wrapped around this thing. What is our mission about . Is it about a mocker ties seen the people . They have a different religion. Rawy wrong materials . Material . Identify what factions won us over there. If we were fighting the shiites and then we came in and they look at us as infidels, they banded together it seems like. I they fight us. Then you have one faction saying we want them there, but these are old regimes. They dont understand a democracy like our women cannot walk around. Then understand that. Kidslives . American i hope i heard you say that we might have to negotiate with the enemyns who are our arch and are still now. And like we go over there we give them a lot of money. But we just dont know who exactly are we fighting . That is what conflicts the american mind. None of them want us there. Unless it is for a brief time to get things and then they start back with all their stuff. There are some valid points you are making. The middle east is complicated by its nature. Endeavor, is a human it complicates thing. When you are on the outside looking in and you see the shiites and sunnis doing one thing and look closer, there are different factions within the shiites. There are different factions within the sunnis. In iraq, you have the Islamic State which is a sunni entity. On the other hand, you have sunni entities in the and war to bentz which are opposed what the Islamic State is about. They are moderate. They supported the u. S. Forces during the awakening in the troop surge that we had in iraq in 2008 2008. Differenta lot of factors. You can never paying everybody with the same brush. What is the reason that we are over there . First of all, every time Something Like this happens, there is a risk of instability for the rest of the world. You pointed out the second involved andtting that was the oil. That is a significant factor. Is aiddle Eastern Region huge producer of oil. Potential to be one of the largest producers of oil in the world. They have ramped that production up in recent years. Last going to be a lessening of their ability to produce oil. Others will have to take up the slack and that production. There is a lot of natural gas in the region. Have a lotike to tar of natural gas. Essence one of the energy store houses of the world. If it fallshat, into hands that are basically antithetical to western interests or even the chinese interests, all of the countries in the world would be affected by it. You would see a Major Economic crisis unfold. If china cant get its oil to run its industries and make the products that it makes, that could cause a significant economic dislocation and Something Like a depression. Get a lot of our products from the chinese. You have that on the one hand. You get the european economies. They are caught in several different ways. Access to many Energy Resources of their own. They import them from the middle east and russia. With the issues going on between ukraine and russia, that is coming to the fore as where. It is in the worlds interest to have a stable economic area. There is a genuine humanitarian concern. This is what is going to be the problem. We have to answer the fundamental question why are iraq he lives more important lives then syrian lives . We chose not to go into syria. Everybody knows that is a huge mess. Had the administration acted at the beginning of the seriousness of civil war by doing a few things like arming certain rebels, they could have stopped isis or turned the Islamic State into a different entity that would be more controllable and not sitting on top of the dam right now. Rewrite history completely and you dont know what other factors couldve played in. There is an argument to be made i some degree of involvement. We could of had some military leverage. That could have been brought to bear and it wasnt done publicly. Is therequence of that vacuum. In which a that can be said for geopolitics. If there is a place where a country had influence before and then a decided not to exercise that influence, other groups are going to take over in that part of the world. You can see that with the Islamic State. Notunit states in iraq are exerting influence and the israel Islamic State is exerting that. We need to prevent a and we need crisis to safeguard the Worlds Energy supply. We do be careful with that. You dont want to waste precious engaging in misguided strategies or no strategy at all when there is so much at stake. You have to be very careful with what is going on right now. The critical question that policymakers and everybody in washington really needs to answer. Malik he says he will step aside for a new leader. What will this do to the conflict in the future . The new guest the new Prime Minister could be successful. These are the things that mitigate against that. He is a shiite. Maliki. Just like he comes from the same party. They have a similar relationship with iran. Them were exiled part of the time in iran. He also went to london and was a very successful engineer. He has a phd and is an accomplished man. How can somebody from a faction like that party exercise that degree of cooperation that is going to be needed. Moment theke at the that factions all believe he is the right person for the job at this point in time. He has a huge opportunity to do the United States was waiting for this regime change. They needed that is a condition for providing further aid to the iraqui military. Their process along. That is not a bad thing in this case. Time fore for one more caller. Good morning. Caller thank you for taking my call. The f18 is a wonderful aircraft. Wondering if others would be more devastating. Systems, io weapons dont think the isis terrorists would be wanting to be in the back of a pickup truck. Ofst youre right in terms weapon usage. The a c130 gunship is designed for air force Operations Forces and it aids Ground Forces by providing targeted ground fire to any kind of target that is out there. Convoys are a favorite. A very gooded in and lethal way. Being10 was designed for a tank killer. It was designed for the fields of europe. The Islamic State has stolen quite a few armored personnel carriers and tanks and other motorized vehicles in order to further their advance. Both of those systems would be very effective. They would be able to wreak a lot of havoc on them and be able to interdict a lot of the supply lines they have. Even with those kinds of aircraft, they are not dependent on these kinds of transportation. They have ways of getting there and it wont be the endall beall. The Weapon System like the a c130 and the a10 were built specifically for ground attack for mrs. Purposes. To work more in an air to air combat role. Very mitigated way. The one difference between the now,and what is possible precision guided missiles of come in. We have very fastmoving fighter jets. They use position precision guided missiles. They can hit targets with pinpoint accuracy. They can do the job. It is a more expensive lab form to use. Is a significant difference from it tactical perspective. Thank you so much for joining us. Guest it has been a pleasure. Host we have a preview of the midterm elections. Kathy schneider. We will discuss this weeks actions in ferguson, missouri. Heres a great read to add to your reading list. I this is a collection of stories from some of the nations most influential people over the last 25 years. There is a risk. I decided to take it because whether it is an illusion or not, it helped my concentration. It stopped me from being bored. It would keep me awake and want the evening to go on longer. And enhance the moment. When i do it again . I would have quit earlier. That is easy for me to say. It sounds irresponsible. Is it would be hypocritical for me to say no. Union and the system in Eastern Europe contained the seeds of its own destruction. Many of the problems that we saw at the and begin at the beginning. I spoke about the attempt to control all institutions and all parts of the economy and political life. When you tryhat, to control everything, you create opposition and dissidents everywhere. If you tell all artists they have to pay the same way, you have just made that person into a political this it in. If you want to subsidize itsing in this country, put on the balance sheet. Make it clear and make it evident make everybody aware of how much it is costing. When you deliver it through these thirdparty enterprises, when you deliver the subsidies through a Public Company with private shareholders and executives who can extract a lot of that subsidy for themselves, that is not a good way of subsidizing homeownership. These are a few of the 41 stories in cspans book sundays at eight echo. Washington journal continues. Larryning us now is sabato. Guest good morning. Host you are here to talk about the midterm elections. I want to start with a poll that shows a majority of americans dont like their own member of congress. Typically, people like the people that they like an office. What is this poll say about what to expect this fall . Some people have speculated that means we will have a higher than usual defeat of incumbents. I doubt that is the case. Rung of the democracy out of house elections in particular. Races and in fact while some were hot in the primaries, when we get to october i would be surprised if there are 30 real races. Actual tossups or races with only a slight tilt one way or the other. In the vast number of cases in the house, there isnt competition on the ballot. That number is very interesting. It suggests people are disillusioned with congress. Shownf the polls of congresses ratings in the single digits. In with their staffs and families support them. Everybody elses disillusioned with what they are not doing. It doesnt seem to have much impact. We have a gerrymandered systems and both sides are guilty. Even though the senate is racesitive, most of the are not hotly contested of all. Most of them you can call today. Maybe a dozen races that you could call competitive or see it going one way or the other. Chances there not a high that either chamber of congress will see a turnover this fall . Guest the house as and. The most optimistic democrat to believe that somehow democrats will pick up 17 seats in the house. Add tocans will maybe their margins. We currently have republicans picking up 528 seats. They are likely to have a larger majority. They have a comfortable majority to run the house. The senate is completely different. If you look at the map of the arete, the seats that coming up this fall and match that with the ones that are truly competitive where you have real races, republicans have an ideal situation. They have the best map sense 1980. Because of that, they are competing in trying to overturn democratic incumbents. Are are in states that neatly red. They have a natural advantage. You add the fact that this is the sixyear itch election. To think that youre going to see a massive change. I dont see a big wave building. I do see a wave sufficient to give republicans a minimum for seat. They need six to take over. They might get a narrow majority in the senate. That could change by november. It is hard to imagine them not getting seats in the senate and house. This is going to be a republican year. It is just a matter of if it is going to be mild or substantial. Host you can join in the conversation. You can call the lines. You can find us on twitter or facebook. Email atsend us an journal cspan. Org. I want to show the map that you mentioned. Also talked about some key ones. Can you walk us through what makes some these races so interesting . Guest the map you are showing is online. The really close ones are where you have democratic incumbents but they are in red republican states. Alaska is a classic example. You would think a democratic incumbent in alaska would be vulnerable. That, he has been running were the best campaigns in the country. Its going to be a close race. Whether it continues or goes to a republican who has not yet , louisiana oh has survived some tough elections. She has never gotten more than 52 . She is a survivor. Her brother is mayor of new orleans and can help her generate a strong democratic vote of that city. Nobody is writing her off. It is going to be a tough race. It might be a runoff in early december. Senate is divided in november. That louisiana seat will determine control the senate. 5050 then joe biden breaks the tie in favor of the democrats. Louisiana is particularly interesting. Senator mark pryor in arkansas is being hardpressed. Arkansas is one of the two states that has moved most strongly to the republicans over the last 20 years. This is a matter of demographics in that state. You mentioned north carolina, a very close contest. Freshman democrat running for her second term. Carolina voted for president obama in 2008 and then switched in 2012. Both elections were very close. This is a highly competitive state. Ofwould look to that race what would happen to the senate. Republican takeover of senate looks more assured. Are these themes plane out in isse individual states or all politics just really local . Guest it isnt anymore. Inhink has been nationalized this polarized air that we are living in. Most americans even if they claim to be independent have some Party Identification. They may not choose to make it plain publicly but when you look at their voting record it is clear that they lean strongly to one party or the other. The National Issues are obvious. The republicans have been stressing obamacare for years now. They continue to do so. I have tried to keep up with all the tv advertising in the races. Obamacare is the focus of at least one ad or an issue mentioned along with a couple of others. Centernt obama is at the of the election as president usually are. Republicans are trying to capitalize on their antipathy toward him. Democrats are trying to energize their voters and that is often a difficult thing to do in this map. They are trying to energize their voters to support president obama. Tugofwar. Atural causes our elections to be much more nationalized then we were used to in the 1960s and 1970s. Lets take some phone calls. In hell of for you. Caller good morning. My question is i would like to ask the question if there is a possibility that there is a big wave in the senate and republicans gain more seats in the senate than what he thinks. Guest there is always that possibility. It is midaugust. Sometimes wave dont develop until october. Other times, it is clear with the drift of the election is. Lets go back to 2010. 2010, our operation it literally declared the house to be switching from democrats to republicans by award margin and we did that at the end of august. It was already obvious that there was a strong wave. I am not saying a wave wont develop. In august, there is a natural trend toward the republicans based on that favorable map and the match up of candidacies. I would stick with our plus four to plus eight. It is early. E dont know you never know who is going to be indicted. Presuppose what Law Enforcement is going to do. Will benows who disconnected from their brain. You could wind up having a major gaffe made by a candidate. That can happen on either side. There are things we cant possibly know in midaugust. The sit here, looking at races today and studying them minimal we do, i see a republican majority being the most probable outcome. It is equally possible that republicans could pad their margin a bit. They need that. They have a bad map. They have a bad map in 2016. Six years ago, they had a great year and they elected senators and democrat leaning states. Theyre going to be hardpressed to hold some of these seats. The republicans want to pad their margins. Their control could be very brief. Our next caller is on the democrat line. Caller i have a statement of the question. The onlyok at it, thing they have gotten done was amid both had control the house and senate. They likely will have the senate. That Means Nothing is going to get done. 2016, you are looking at eight years of nothing getting done. What is your statement about . Guest you have a crystal ball. We live in an age of gridlock. Only every now and then do you get a moment when either a republican president or democratic president can get a great deal done. They have more latitude in a foreign affairs. Periods. Hese temporary you mention the first two years of his administration. These are the only two that he will have democrats in control of both houses. Our system encourages good luck. You have to have all of the ducks in a row facing the same way and walking in the same direction. That is a difficult thing to arrange. Lost theent bush togress in 2006 and had frustrating years of not being able to get much through the congress. Both parties came together to deal with the financial crisis. We are facing gridlock. If Hillary Clinton is the democrat nominee and she wins the 2016 election, it is possible that she will be able to bring in a narrow them craddick majority in the senate. That will help her with Supreme Court nominations and other nominations to go through the senate. It helps to have one house. It can stymie anything the Republican House is trying to do. Will let house the republican . Probably not. We will be living of the lines created after the last census. Those are lines that favor majority republican controlled house. Future to one our degree or another. The next redistricting happens in 2021. Speaking of 2016, i like to hear thoughts on the news yesterday that rick perry has been indicted that he abused his veto power. How does this play out . Spent some time on twitter last night watching all the reaction. Theres no question that some republicans are furious. Democraticeavily county. They also believe the governor was right to force out a democratic District Attorney there who was elected District Attorney. In there is some very unpleasant videos of her actions that evening. Unit is a Public Integrity and that is part of that District Attorneys office. He wonder if she is the right person to head up and integrity unit. Theyre very supportive of governor perry. They think it will help them with republican activists. There will be some republicans that will say those darn it democrats are politicizing the judicial system. The governor has the right to veto that particular provision. General, i think this applies to rick perry, it is not helpful to have as your Campaign Slogan i was unfairly indicted. That doesnt sell. Maybe the trial will be over and maybe he will be exonerated before we get to the voting. Rick perry has a history already. He had a disastrous run for president in 2012. Everybody remembers whoops. He needs to run a nearperfect campaign in order to convince republicans to nominate him in an open seat race for president when they have other conservative choices. N indictment does not help there will be other republicans who say that as an extra burden for november and we want to win the. I dont know what is going to happen in texas trial or it will be thrown out. And we will leave that to the lawyers. Help him withmay some republicans. It wont help them politically and it wont help in a general election context. Caller it is a pleasure to talk to. That is just to name a few. I think you should look back at your track record. I think you will see far more theyrats come out because are mad about the crazy things that republicans are doing. I respect your thoughts and have a good day. Guest you are completely wrong about mitt romney. Our operation had president obama ahead by a wide margin in the Electoral College throughout the election year. We projected him to win by a wide margin. Others were projecting midromney to win. You are right about eric cantor. I dont know a Single Person outside of the camp of the candidate who beat eric cantor who thought he was going to lose. I got some emails from people saying that cancer was going down. That was a shock to everyone in the political community. He lost by a large margin. We and everyone else in the system missed the defeat of eric cantor. Sharon is in colorado. Caller good morning. Race here. He we did not hear much from senator udall until last fall. The opinionbe of that he is entitled to the seat. He did not have a primary opponent. His adseen running for since april. The latest polling shows him tied with cory gardner. The latest ad has the koch brothers. I was wondering what you think of the race. Guest it is highly competitive. This is one of those purpleish states that has not been clearly categorized as republican which it used to be or democratic which it has been in recent years partly because of the growth of the hispanic vote and young people have been voting in large numbers in colorado. Midterm election. Youre going to lose 20 points of turnout at a minimum. Who doesnt turn out . You lose a lot of minorities and young people. The electorate is more conservative and whiter. It is older and that tends to favor republican candidates. Democrats are trying to counteract that with the programs they have developed during president obamas to elections. I would say this about the colorado race. This should go down to the wire. You have two strong candidates with records to defend with votes in congress that will be controversial to one side or the other. Race isrnatorial tighter than they expected. I would have a surprise to see both republicans win. Right now a slight edge to the democrats. It is midaugust. It is a race is close enough that if you had a a tilt or small wave for republicans develop, it could carry the republicans to victory. I have great sympathy for you. You are going to be bombarded by nasty advertising all the way to election day. It wont be pleasant. It might be a great time to watch hbo or cspan. Host we have jeanette from new york. Caller good morning. Because of the fact that no matter how we vote in the election, it seems like once they get there they are dead wouldve. That is how theyre going to vote on party lines. They arelect somebody, supposed to the representing everybody in that state regardless of the political agenda. Doesnt really make a difference when we do vote . Once they get there they have not been getting them the congress. Guest thank you for question. The idealistic view is that representatives should vote the National Interest of the state interest and should ignore party of the be elegance political party. I always tell never been people that is why john f. Kennedys book profiles of courage was a very small ball you. There are not very most of the representatives and senators are close to their party lines view that they dont, they will not be wellfunded by their parties and the party activists. Defeated in Party Primaries if they do not stick with the party, and they recognize that their activists expect them to vote a certain way, and because they are in politics, they probably agree with most of the partys positions. There is no question that the parties have moved apart. The national journal. Some excellent vote ratings. Members of both houses of congress, and there are some other nominees, groups, the Congressional Quarterly does some excellent studies on this, too, and if you look at them, you will see that the most conservative democrat is now more liberal than the most liberal republican in both the thee and the senate, so truth is, democrats and republicans at least on divisive, social issues and andsive Economic Issues maybe some foreignpolicy issues just do not agree on very much, and their voting records reflect that. And they are also reflecting their districts and states. We have far more deeply red districts and states and deeply blue district and state then we have competitive purpleish district and states. Host dr. Sabato, you mentioned turnout during the midterm elections. Cspan and our Newsmakers Program interviews the president of emilys list, stephanie schri ock. Here is what she has to say about trying to increase voter turnout the selection. [video clip] a lot of folks will say this race, runningle against the minority leader of the United States senate. But we knew two things from the beginning. One, senator mcconnell is one of the least popular senators in the entire country by his own voters, so there is problem number one for him. And the second is secretary of state grimes has an incredible record in working for womens state,family in the and it has an incredible vision for jobs in kentucky, which is great. We got a gauge with allison early on because we have the candidate who can really take this on, and you can see by the polling we are dealing with a race that is incredibly close, and it is one of many races that has been decided by women voters, and the gender gap in kentucky is already at 18 points, which is an incredible number, particularly since the electorate of kentucky is 63 women, so senator Mitch Mcconnell has an uphill battle, and we think we will make a huge alison by sending alliso grimes to the state senate. Host that was stephanie schrioc k, president of emilys list. Guest i will tell you where she is right and where she is wrong. She is right that Mitch Mcconnell has some of the lowest ratings. Some say it is one out his welcome. There is incumbent fatigue there. Andirst got elected in 1984 has been reelected every six years since. The last election was not particularly close, but it was difficult for him. Part of it as i say incumbent fatigue. Will not bennell called a great communicator. He will be kind of the opposite of ronald reagan. So she is right there, and there is a gender gap. I do not think it will be 18 points in the end, but there is a gender gap. The problem for democrats and the problem for Allison Lonergan kentucky is right below West Virginia and arkansas in having shifted to the republican camp over the last 20 years. They are deeply conservative, and they are strongly antiobama. Approval obamas ratings are in the low to mid 30s. That is well below senator Approval Ratings are. It is clear that senator mcconnell is running not just alison grimes, he is dergan to make alison lun alison obamaes into grimes. I have seen that kentucky can surprise you on election night. There was another republican , senatorrom kentucky jim bunning, who was supposedly way ahead in reelection. He ended up winning in a squeaker about a decade ago, so you never know. Upsets happen. Dailyep an eye on them for that reason, but you would rather be at this point in thanor mcconnells shoes ms. Grimes shoes. Host you mentioned the president s influence on these midterm elections. How much do you think this vote will really be about the president purses about these candidates who are running for office . Guest it is always a combination of factors. I am one of those who believe that Party Identification even if it is not fully acknowledged by a voter probably plays the most important role, at least in the vast majority of context, and this contradicts every survey that shows 40 of americans claim to be independent. No, they are not. They really arent. We probably have 6 , 7 , 8 that are true independents. Half of them are independents who are independent because they know almost nothing about politics and really blow. The other half are high information voters who know a lot about politics. They sit down with a checklist and decide which candidate comes closest to fulfilling their checklist. Are90 of the voters driven overtly or covertly bipartisan identification, and naturally the candidates reflect that. People say what about candidate characteristics, gender, race, ability, and experience . Yes, all of those things matter, too, but they are often seen through the prism of party id. A republican, for example, will look at an inexperienced republican candidate, someone who has not a public office, and will say this is a good thing. We need more fresh blood in congress. At the same time, a republican look at president obama and say he never should have been in of the presidency. He only had a couple of years of real insurance in the senate, and i is why he has done next, y, and z the idle like. Same is true for democrats. In other words, there characters istics will change based on party idea. Id. In richmonde rain on the independent line. Caller hi. Wondering if was you have a good sense of how Many Democrats voted for dave the open primary system we have in virginia, democrats can vote for the primaries, and a friend of mine told me that there were biden obama stickers everywhere in the parking lot in the polls, and i was wondering about thehought democratic candidate and dave brat who says we do not need to Fund Higher Education because plato taught aristotle on the rocks and we do not need money . Or Higher Education guest well, i am not familiar with trammells position on education. Theyre actually both professors at the same college. There is a libertarian candidate, but with all due respect, one of the major parties will win. I have taken a close look at that, and there is no question, i am pulling a number out here, but i would say several thousand democrats did vote in that primary. People, dave brat, who beat majority leader eric cantor, some of brats people were encouraging that. In some of the democrats thought of it on their own. They wanted to get rid of eric cantor majority leader and they were happy to substitute a ,ackbencher for eric cantor recognizing that the district is fundamentally republican and probably will elect a republican nominee. Were those democrats efficient to produce a landslide margin . It was a landslide that bradt had over eric cantor, despite the fact that he would had been in office since 2001 and he outsepent brat by 401. Republicans and independents made that difference, decided to send eric cantor packing for lots of different reasons. Some said immigration. Others that i talk to stress that they felt cantor had abandoned the district. Now, the democratic candidate, jack trammell, has an uphill race for the fall election, but i think after the primary, everybody is going to sit back and watch these two battle, and we will see what happens. Will all the cantor people back brat . Probably not. I do not think they will vote democratic, but i think they might skip that race. Districtcter of a probably matters more than anything else, and this is still a fundamentally and 58 or so republican district, and that usually foretells the result. What doofessor sabato, you think of the results we heard out of the senate race in hawaii showing that incumbent ots was able sh to hold onto his seat . Guest it is not surprising. Hawaii is the only state that has not defeated a senate incumbent in a primary or a general election. They like their incumbent. Appointed incumbent. Many voters were unhappy that the incumbent governor who was defeated, it is the largest defeat for an incumbent governor that we can find in modern American History. This is not a good comparison to neil abercrombies diffie. Appointed tombie the United States senate and set of following the instructions of the longtime senator dan in no anowe, who had recommended colleen hanabusa. It was very close. It was a close call for senator schatz. This might be a twoyear extension of the campaign. Abusa orsee if it is han someone else. But highway in hawaii is somewhat predictable. A precedent for governor abercrombie losing the election. Host our next caller is robert on our republican line. You are on the air. Caller hi. I was just wondering how much you take into account people like me. You mentioned the wave of 2010 republicans, and i was due to the tea party, and a lot of those candidates once they got there forgot who put them there. And a lot of people like me are very turned off with the republican party. For example, if i lived in thad the dirtystate after campaign he pulled, i would vote democrat just to get him out of office. I wonder how much you take that into account in these upcoming elections. Thank you. Guest thank you. Look, most surveys have those kind of processes available so you can see what the defection and how many conservative democrats, and there are not that many left, how many conservative democrats for one reason or another a beat effect. Average or another may be defect. 93 , 94 of partisan identifiers both for their partisan candidate. 6 tolso means you have 10 of partisans on both sides who switch sides in any given election, so do we take you into account . Yes. Do we think you are anywhere close to a majority . No. Host i think we have time for one last caller, and that will be david from cincinnati, ohio on a democratic line. David, you are on the air. Caller hello. How are you doing . Host good. What is your question for the professor this morning . Caller my question is if both houses are controlled by republicans, i understand that this ability is going to run out of money in two years. If both sides are republican, what are they going to do to take care of that . Word. Professor, the last guest look, i think they will find a way to take care of it, this is like everything with a democratic president and republican congress, it will not be easy. Sometimes i think that theyll could not get together on the wording of a mothers day resolution, so it will of course be extremely difficult, but in the end, they will do what they have to do to continue that program. Host thank you so much for joining us this morning. That was Professor Larry sabato, director of the center for politics at the university of virginia joining us from charlotte the, virginia. Up next, we will have American University associate professor cathy schneider. She is the author of police power and race riots. She will be talking about the protests and violence this week ferguson, missouri. Here is a look at our prime time lineup next week for the monday, a debate for genetically modified food, and then an issue on General Motors safety recalls. Then highlights on new york ideas for them. Thursday, we will look at the issue of climate change, and friday night, we will visit important sites in the history of the civil rights movement. Monday on cspan two, it is booktv in primeTime Beginning at 8 30 p. M. Eastern with a discussion about fracking. Tuesday night at 8 00, after words on the history of money. The authors of the second machine age talk about how new technology will fundamentally change everyday life at 8 00. Theres an icon a discussion about the future of politics with former Maryland Governor robert ehrlich. On friday at 8 00 p. M. Eastern, in depth. On American History tv on cspan entire week of the civil war. Monday, a look at the Overland Campaign in virginia. Tuesday, the wars only battle and washington, d. C. , the battle of fort stevens. Wednesday night, the 150th 150thrsity anniversary of the battle of the crater. On friday, a look at hollywoods portrayal of slavery. Find our Television Schedule one week in advance at cspan. Org and let us know what you think about the rogue earns you are watching. Call us at 2026263400 or email us at comments cspan. Org. Join the conversation like us on facebook, follow us on twitter. This month, cspan presents debate on what makes america great, evolution, and genetically modified foods. Issues the spotlight with indepth looks at better and healthier, irs oversight, student loan debt, and campus sexual assault. New perspectives on issues such as global warming, voting rights, fighting infectious disease, and food safety. And our history tour showing sights and sounds from americas historic places. Find our tv schedule one week in advance at cspan. Org and let us know what you think about the programs you are watching. 026263400 or email us at comments cspan. Org. Join the conversation, like us on facebook, or follow us on twitter. Washington journal continues. Host i guess is cathy schneider, the author of police power and race riots. She is also a professor at American University, and she is here to talk about the situation in ferguson, missouri after 18yearold Michael Brown was shot and killed earlier this week. Cathy, thank you so much for joining us this morning. Guest thank you very much. Host i want to start by reading headlines because there is a developing situation that happened early this morning and ferguson. The st. Louis postdispatch has this headline storm after column quiet night air routes as police, protesters square off. The story says that for most of friday night, the story goes on to say that people who had been peaceful, some Police Officers pointing protesters crowd, pointing cameras at police. Elyse told the crowd to disperse immediately. Some of the crowd threw bottles at police who did not enlist who did not initially react. Can you talk a little bit about the volatility in these types of situations and what can be done to ensure that the climate safety for Going Forward . Guest well, the very first thing is police should not be showing up in military gear and right here in treating a community as if they are an enemy army. Of course things got rough for after that. There had been an improvement because they brought in a Different Police force with a police chief that walked on arm through the crowd, and there was no problem. The crowd had as he set a festive atmosphere. Why are the Police Treating people who are unarmed and sitting nonviolently in the square as if they are an enemy army and should be confronted with full military gear . We want to make sure we hear your thoughts on this issue as well. You can call us on the republican line at 202 5853881, on the democratic line at 202 5853880. Independents can call 202 5853882. And if you live in missouri, we opened up a special phone line for you, that is 202 5853883. We also want to make a special point and invite people who are in Law Enforcement to call in with your assessment and thoughts on the situation. , your book looks at a previous race right, particularly in the u. S. During the 1960s and then again in france in 2005. Are there parallels between those incidents is and what you are seeing happen in ferguson . Extreme. In fact, there seems to be a , andant pattern on riots the constant pattern is almost always a case of a situation which there is extreme tension between a community and the police where Police Violence has been on the rise, with the local authorities not holding Violent Police accountable, increased incidences of police abuse, almost always the killing of an on armed minority youth. The protest beginning nonviolently, the Police Responding violently to on armed protests, riots breaking out. Always the case in these kinds of riots. That it ispical frankly enraging that it happens over and over again and that people do not see that political officials do not see the problem with treating a poor minority anmunity as if they are enemy country. From your research, what is it that tips the scale from a protest being peaceful to one that becomes more violent or outofcontrol . Ok, there are two things. On the peaceful side, you respond to a crowd addressing their concerns, and the first concern is will there be justice and investigation . So you tell people, the family, the friends of the victims, the people in the neighborhood, that you are deeply concerned that an unarmed youth was killed in this way and that you were going to investigate and there will be a trial. You deal with the crowd by addressing their demands and you problem byerbate the attacking unarmed demonstrators. Says wect in a way that are unconcerned about this, our police did nothing wrong, if you come out with a story that defends the police and you dont even talk about investigation, you do not give the parents the name of the Police Officer so that there is no way for the parents to know if there has been a history of abuse by this officer, and then you charged unarmed demonstrators, then there will likely be ryans. Iots. Host our first call is from chris in illinois calling on our republican line. You are on the air with cathy schneider. Cspan. Thank you, cathy, i think you have some of your facts wrong. Justolice were not in gear to show up. They were there after the riot began. They need to protect themselves from these looters, from these vandals, from these criminals and other people like that. I mean, these people are not taking flowers. Were terrorizing the community. I mean, it just so happens to be the community they live in, but they were domestic terrorist. S. I am all for the police and law and order, but i think it is about time that some people start taking responsibility for their own actions. I mean, mr. Brown has a record a mile long. I saw it this morning. He was arrested multiple times for armed robbery. His partner was arrested for robbery. I mean, these were not choirboys. Quit making it out to some like these were some angels. Host cathy schneider, your response. Guest ok. Ok, so, let me address the points one by one. I find itis curious that the police feel that they have to protect themselves from the crowd. Now, the police have full military gear. Police have equipment that is left over from armies. The crowd is unarmed. We are talking about a disproportion here in which the police have the power of the state and they have military gear and they are afraid of an unarmed crowd. Now you say the writers were terrorizing the rioters were terrorizing the community. If that is the case, why is all of the community out there . Why are they on the street . Why are they Walking Around with their hands up in the air to protest the killing of Michael Brown. It does not sound like they are terrorized by the rioters. Does ituestion is really matter . It is very interesting that they are releasing a long history of Michael Brown, who is the victim, and we are told nothing about the Police Officer who shot him. Know why is there this diversion about focusing on the history of Michael Brown and not discussing an investigation about what happened and whether the Police Officer that shot him has had violence complaints against him before because i ,now that many of these cases Police Officers have killed people, have a long history of complaints of violence against them before. So if you want to exacerbate the tension between police and communities, then that is what you do. You blame the victim, you attack you act as if the crowd is threatening and dangerous, and you do not address their concerns. And that is what exacerbates the problem. Next caller onur the democratic line from dayton, ohio. Dave, good morning. Caller good morning. Guest hi, dave. Caller unfortunately, the caller from illinois example exemplifies the split in our country, but i have to say i have not read this ladys book, but i have read the rise of the warrior cop, and it is shocking. It is terrible. And just lay down in georgia several weeks ago, they rated the wrong house and just like down in your just several weeks ago, they raided the wrong house and severely injured a baby. The family says the police did not care, they were at the wrong house is what they said. That is all i had to say, and thank god for cspan. Guest thank you. What Community Organizers here in new york pointed out to me was that after 9 11, there was a big sign that said protecting the community abroad and at home , showing a military officer on one side and a Police Officer on the other, and the community are we being equated with countries that we are fighting in a war . In which you deal with crime is to protect vulnerable communities, not attack those same communities that need police protection, and yes, this is an excellent book, the rise of the military cop you. There has been an increasing militarization of police, it started before 9 11, it started with the war on crime and the use of martial language and images of war and to fight police the war on drugs and then further arming after 9 11. This is not the way People Police should deal with the community. Ost the New York Times recently published a story about program,lled 1033 which allow for about 4. 3 billion in military equipment to flow throughout the country for police forces. The article said during the obama administration, according to the pentagon, police have received tens of thousands of machine guns, tens of thousands of ammunition, thousands of these of camouflage, and night vision equipment and hundreds of thousands of armored cars and aircraft. This morning, they had a chart of several of what they call the tools of war and counties across the u. S. This is in the New York Times, of arms are police using things they were acquired from the military. Can you expand how this program came to be and the role that it is laying and perhaps in citing tension or concern in ferguson . Frank well, i am actually when not sure how the program came to be, but from what i understand, the idea was that domestic forces needed extra military equipment because they were battling terrorism and that there was this was part of Homeland Security and the need for the police to act as protectors of the country. There was also surplus equipment, and there was also struggles in congress about who Homeland Securityy mone moneies. Luential conversation got influential congressmen got more money for their police forces. But this is an army in which the side that the police represents are the white, wealthier communities and the poorer, vulnerable by nordion communities minority communities, not as communities most need in production, which they are, but at some kind of incubator of terrorism and crime , and everyone there is a potential danger to the republic. This is a terrible, terrible way of understanding crime and issues within poor communities. Host a few comments now from twitter. Fishing sam says violence on both sides is not helpful. Oshia, sayson, peg police chief in ferguson moscow. And a complete housecleaning needs to happen. Here is jim. Caller i have a question regarding the speaker, you are making a lot of assumptions, and a lot of these generalizations about police retaliate, about the images of them when they show up in this full military riot gear. A place that is notorious for riots. I have families in police forces. What will be the difference if the police chief, as he said, walk through the crowd without any armor . All it takes is one police certain to be shot because they do not take enough care or caution. I would much rather a Police Officer be safe and secure so he can feel confident in monitoring the situation rather than constantly fearing for his own safety. You never know what is going to spark the crowd. I do not think that is very fair. And how do you relate to these crowds, and when was the last time you have been involved do you have any friends or family in the police force . Guest i do not have friends or family in the police force, but i actually interviewed a lot of Police Officers for this book, so what i want to say is that rights do not erupt solely because of what happens at that particular moment. Is always a history. There is a large movement of reform among Police Officers. The Police Executive Research Forum and washington, d. C. Is one of those that has done excellent research. There have been a number of very, very Progressive Police chiefs who have engaged in what they call problemsolving. For sample, nick pastore, when he was police chief in new haven, he simply inverted the system of punishment and rewards come and he rewarded and gave promotions to Police Officers who solve problems with the community, who would work with them deality to help with young people who did not go to school, for instance, without sending them to jail. Desk duty Police Officers who had more than one or two violent complaints against them. So it really all comes down to the mayor. It comes down to the police chief. It comes down to the system, the structure of incentives, and what it is is changing the attitude toward the community. With a do not have riots police force that works with the community in which the community sees the police as protecting them. One of the other things that Police Reformers say all the time like ronald hampton, who is the founder of the National Black police association, points policeall we want is for to behave in poor black communities the way that they behave in White Communities. Understand it White Communities at their job is to protect the community. Why did i not understand that why do they not understand and poor black or latino communities . Host david from pennsylvania is calling on the republican line. David, you are on the air. Caller hello. Professor, you set me up perfectly. Whereon to you is where with angst, all this pressure and knowhow for this community to make my point, right now every white cop has less ferguson and dropped their jobs, they were the very few policemen there. I heard two thirds of the population is africanamerican, and there are about three or four africanamerican policeman in the community. Why dont the community itself apply for these jobs . It has been 50 years since you could discriminate against someone to apply for a job, and then when they are not getting hired, that is what all this angst and National Attention comes to a community before this blowup. You just said it yourself what can we do for these folks . These folks need to do for themselves because they look at we do, every person does. You are kind of in an ivory tower, so you do not know how the real world works, but people look at things in a lot of ways are racialized first and then they back off. Both sides are racial in this. Why dont they represent themselves . I say they, not mean i disrespectfully. On . T am i still hello . Schnider,essor your response. The policeway respond is the rules come in from the top, what are the pressures put on Police Officers, and are they held accountable . Now, this community had been white, so it shifted, so the police force had been white and towardsrtain attitude the black community. Recruitingoblem with black Police Officers is that Police Officers then enter an institution that has a history of racism, that has a history of treating the community badly, so naturally people in the community do not want to enter, but more importantly, once they officersose police find themselves isolated inside the institution. Either they conform to the attitude the police have toward the community because police like that often say we dont trust these black officers, whether they will be with us or they findhers, or themselves isolated and therefore in a situation of danger, and as you know, black undercover officers are often shot by white officers. We do not actually see the reverse. But you cannot transform an Institution Just buy a recruitment, and given the hostility between the immunity and the police, there is a reason people may not want to join. I do not know how the recruiting goneand how the effort has into recruiting black officers. My guess is not very much. What i am talking about really is how do Police Interact with community . We are not talking about having no police. There are police who have done this very, very well, but there has to be a wheel at the top, and that has to come from the messages coming from the mayor to the police chief to the officers, which is work with the community. T march 3 community with military gear. You act as if most of the members of that community are indworking, lawabiding and need of protection. Police understand that is their job when they march around middleclass, White Communities. They do not seem to understand that is still their job when they are in poor minority communities. Jerry from baltimore, maryland is calling on the democratic line. Good morning. Caller good morning, and thank you for having this discussion. You know, something that has not been brought up is that Police Shooting four people poor people. You can look right on youtube and see how they shot that homeless guy with his hands race for illegal camping. In that same town, they shot another guy because he had had three domestic disputes with his pcp. And yes, he was on what, they could not hit him with a beanbag . No, they had to shoot him. Heres is another example a poorly trained young cop, i did not care if he has been on for six years, he is what, 26 . He is scared. Cops are scared. That is white is shoot first, ask questions later. That cop who was out and l. A. Who thought he was mistreated decided to go shoot these people in the apartment that caused him to be kicked out. Cops are running scared. If they are scared, they do not need to be running on the force. This could have been easily addressed with the police chief coming out and saying hey, we will have more sensitivity training. It will be an independent investigation. Please do not destroy your home. That is what i have to say. Thank you. Thank you very much for that question. I agree completely towards poor people, and again, poor people are the people most in need of protection. Ofre are really two kinds killings of unarmed people, two kinds of Police Officers that do this. There are the people like Francis Levine the who killed , and he had nine violence complaints against them previously, and there are police shot alike those who victim 41 times, and those are the Police Officers that are frightened and have never been in a black community and cannot distinguish one black from another. In terms of training, most of the training from what i understand from minority Police Officers seems to be the reverse of sensitivity training. They are told that these are dangerous communities, that you should always be prepared, and they dont come from the often fromthey, white suburbs, and they go into these neighborhoods, and they are frightened, and they shoot first. So both problems have to be dealt with. The way to deal with this is again the training and the rules for Police Officers is that when you see poor people, homeless people, understand they need protection. That you are interacting with the community that is very vulnerable, and they depend on you. Host to recap some of the headlines in the story, the Washington Post today reported a story that is titled police slain missouri teen was tied to robbery. Host we will take another caller now from missouri, and that is mike on our republican line. Mike, good morning. Caller good morning. Professor, so many points in so little time. First of all, let me clarify something to you. You mentioned at the beginning that a police chief was put in charge of security. Well, he is not a police chief. He is an officer in the state police, the highway patrol. This is not the department, the way you said it was like a local police no commit with the state police assigned here by the governor. Second, you used the phrase on armed demonstrators. Im guessing you have never had molotov cocktails thrown at you. Do not tell me what testers cannot injure you. And the final thing, one night, all is great, so they say we will pull the police back, no police presence, and what happens . The riots and the looting starts. In the police are driving by, and this is from the owners of the businesses, the county police were told dont stop and arrest anybody. Keep on driving, let them loot. Please answer those three questions for me. I would appreciate it. Guest ok, so from what i understand when the new police were put in charge with the new Police Captain who was head of marchede police, he through the crowd, and things calmed down yesterday. From what i understand as of last night, there had been a peaceful, festive atmosphere. I do not know the exact details about when the bullies appeared in riot gear, whether it was before or after, but nobody is saying have no police. Workthey are saying is with the community and behave appropriately. About whathe stories Michael Brown had done in the been whether or not he had engaged in a robbery, it is important to remember that engaging in a robbery, if he did so, should not be a death penalty. You should not he did not have arms, and it is not fair to unarmed people might use stones or bricks and therefore they should be met with military gear. There is a difference police have shields, and i am unaware of the police being injured this way. But again, this is a question about how do you respond to an incident that has already become a flashpoint, but how do you deal with a community in general in working with that community . This does not happen overnight. There is a history here. People who do not know Michael Brown are responding because they know the story from other experiences. Somebody else they know had been roughed up by police, they had been shot by police. Tension a history of here between the police force and the community, and it does not happen overnight. It has to be diffused, and the governor was right to bring in a Different Police force. I do not understand really whether the police force that showed up in riot gear are now the state police or the same had all ofe that these problems with the community and had a history of engaging in violence against the community. If it is the new state police force, it is a mistake. It is a mistake to go into a community that has been victimized or feels victimized by police and military gear. Host professor, and your book, you describe the race riots in new york in the 1960s and again in france in 2005. What were some of the key actions and some of the situations that Public Officials took to diffuse the situation after that it once again turned peaceful and they were able to resolve a Going Forward . Guest in the case of france, after the young people were driven into an electric grid and e minister of interior in charge of police mustd that the youth have committed a crime and that is why they were hiding in electric station and the police had done nothing wrong, and therefore there was no need for an investigation. The Police Walked into the neighborhood, there was a peaceful, nonviolent march, Police Chased the two young people after that march into a a tear gassent canister into that mosque, and the neighborhood exploded, and the next neighborhood exploded, and because the minister ,nterior is a National Figure for three consecutive weeks, the government was unable to control the riots, and they actually called a curfew, which had not been used since the algerian war. So they did a terrible job in responding to the riot. They took what was an issue that had been under control in the neighborhood because the mayor had been out talking to young people. Outunity leaders had been talking to young people, and they had been promising them to have patience, there would be an investigation, and they blew it into a national issue. This is what you dont do. Is youu do do immediately addressed the issue and you say we are going to get to the bottom of this. We are really sorry that somebody has been killed in this community by police. The police force is your police force, and we are going to work with you to make sure that if this has been a deliberate homicide, there will be punishment. There will be investigation. Make sure going to the community is protected from that in the future. That is easier to diffuse riots. In the United States, the main communitynd riots are groups. Community groups that have become specialized in dealing with Police Violence, and one of exertings they do is political pressure on officials to have trials, indictments by the District Attorney, federal interventions, they help families find lawyers. Method,a stopgap unfortunately. So in the short term, it diffuses riots. All of the energies and anger of the community is channeled into that. Unfortunately, it does not relieve police abuse. The late William Stuntz wrote a wonderful book about the collapse of the american justice policeh he argues that institution does not pay a price for a Police Officer that engages in violence. The institution itself will only govern itself if the institution pays a price for its officers who engage in violence. The reason the institution does not pay a price beside the structural reasons is that the local elected official has to make that clear to the institution that this is not what will be tolerated, and to get local officials to make that clear to the institution of the police, you need voters to be clear that when they vote, they do not vote for candidates who promise wars on populations in on wars on crime, wars on immigration, wars on terrorism, wars on drugs. This kind of martial law vocabulary is not what we should be talking about on a domestic sets a set of expectations by police that this is what they are engaged in. A war against a population, a domestic population, when in fact that domestic population is the most vulnerable population. Host turning now to atlantic city, new jersey. Patricia is on the democratic line. Patricia, go ahead. Caller hi. If you dont mind, i would like to say this directly to your guest right now. Favoritey favorite, speaker on the show. You are the true example of justice and liberty, and it just hurts me so bad when i see people call up, and i know that they are basing their comments on racism and stereotypes, and i just want to say god bless you, and we need more people like you. You are wonderful. And it was a pleasure listening to you. Thank you so much. You have a friend in atlantic city. Guest thank you. Thank you so much. Tim our next caller is from florida on the independent line. Caller yes, sorry for everything involved in the situation. Can you tell me, if you put this in context, the last say 5, 10, 15 years, how many africanamericans have been murdered by africanamericans, and why the sudden outrage when all of a sudden a white cop is involved . These crimes go on day by day and this country and nobody says anything. You look at the kids on the street, they are out there because they do not have a job, a lot of them cannot get an education, and this happens from the radical leftist policies that destroyed the black structure. Maybe you could comment on that. Tell me how many africanamericans have been murdered by fellow africanamericans in the United States senate last 5, 10, 15, 20 years. Then maybe we can put this in some kind of context. Guest ok, thank you. Am i on the air host you are on the air still. Guest the first thing is the reason there are so many deaths in the Africanamerican Community is that there is a plethora of guns. No other country allows unlimited gun sales. Now, it is not just africanamericans. Look at how many mass killings we have had in recent years. Which policeys in officers agree with liberals almost unanimously is we need gun control. You reduce violence by reducing the availability of guns. Every state that has no rules against purchases of weapons has higher homicide rates. The highest levels of homicide rates are not stranger to stranger by domestic violence, so if you really want to deal with the issue of violence in poor communities, the violence in any communities, you need to do with the issue of the availability of guns. Now even after the killings of 21 fiveyearolds by a white teen, and we are not saying now that all white teens are violent, dangerous, homicidal, we were not even able to get through congress universal gun registration. Problem. Eally a huge the second issue, the reason the particularlygs are drawing is police are the ones that are supposed to be protecting you. The police are not supposed to only protect whites. The police are supposed to protect everybody in the immunity where they police. In the community where they police. When your own police wars have killed your child, where do you go . Now, i spoke to mothers who called the police because their child has schizophrenia and was off their meds, and the police came and killed their child. They say what do you do when you call the police for perfection and the Police Officer killed your child . This is a particularly painful problem. The police these communities wnat police. They want police to protect them. They want police to deal with a tiny,s, which are tiny percentage of the population of even the poorest neighborhoods. 1 to 5 at the most. But what police do because of the reward system is they come in and they look for drugs. Because they do better on television to show that they found a big cache of drugs and arrested a bunch of drug dealers than if they went in there to work, to protect the community. Rom violent predators so there are relationships between these things. The problem is not liberal programs. The problem is the complete dismantling of gun control. The problem is the way in which police behave in these futile drug war that has led to over 2 Million People in prison, the most thele in prison in country almost in the history of the world and has done nothing ,o help communities in any way help communities so that young people are able to get a good education in these poor quality schools that have been deprived of all resources because of tax sos for the very wealthy that classrooms are overcrowded, the teachers cannot deal with it. If the children have special problems, many of the children go to school hungry because they dont have food at home, their parents are working two or three jobs so that they do not have a parent when they come home. Re are many resources afterschool programs, by the way, is the most effective host professor schneider, unfortunately we have to leave it there. We are out of time. Thank you so much for your time and for joining us this morning. That is cathy schneider, author of police power and race riots , and also an associate professor at American University. That is our show for today. Join us tomorrow morning when washington journal will discuss president Lyndon Johnsons great society. We will have Robert Woodson and michael lind speaking as well as other guests. [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by national captioning institute]