I think that is a money shot come in the sense. That is an extraordinary image, for the world to see two individuals who represent very different point of view in terms of solving was probably the worst an ongoing conflict in the world, wwhich has come unfortunately, spilled over to here in europe. As a result, that is what we saw last week happen in the streets of paris. It is directly links to what is happening here in the european capital. I hope that send out a very clear message. I just want to pick up on something that and that was saying before when it comes to the tensions tthat we have in a society today. As youre looking at the pictures of world leaders, do think this is going to change something . Is there potential there of something good actually coming out of this . It is an excellent question, marcus. Personally, i think there is going to be a lot of trouble over the next few weeks. As we are already seeing this in the indecisiveness which has existed in the french politics. They have either been trying to exploit the situation or be exploited. We do not know exactly what is going to happen. Just to provide a context for our viewers, he said, i wasnt invited to this rally. The National Leader is taking part in another rally elsewhere. And actually, i said earlier that it was crazy not to invite her. This is the moment where, if there has ever been a moment that has existed, tthis is the moment for france to express unity with all of its people. It is very difficult to know exactly what has happened in the last couple of days, but that is what i feel might happen in the very near future. Today, we have many people of political backgrounds. This would be a sign of some future of some future of thought and i like. And i think that france i have a bit more confidence in the people of france than i do the politicians of france. I wanted to ask you about that and about the the reaction of ordinary french peoples. Because if you look away from the International Angle of this for just a moment aand focus on france, the tensions that do exist between different communities in france whether they be jewish, muslim, or christian what you think france is when it comes to getting to grips with these issues and with these tensions that we are seeing between different communities . I think whenever you see it Media Attention tthat concerns one particular group, even if it is not a representative member of the group and that person is doing something bad, that whole group especially if it is in the northeast will be tired. We see that with the Mexican Community in the u. S. And we see that here with the Muslim Community, and even sometimes the jewish communities. Has there been backlash against the muslims . They have been very quick to condemn the attacks. My question is in a certain sense why should we be concerned that Muslim Leaders condemn what has been done by these two terrorists in france . Iif they were people of a different faith, we wouldnt be asking religious leaders to be condemning that because these people represented a certain faith. And i think this is a certain problem in the Muslim Community. I think the Muslim Community feels, for the most part, that they are a part of france. I saw a tweet earlier today that from a young muslim woman that she was not going to apologize today, but im going to go to the rally today to express. There is the conundrum. If the Muslim Community can somehow be considered responsible in france, then the Muslim Community is going to entrench and say, well, we didnt have anything to do with this. And it is how that particular issue plays, too. I think what people are seeing is lots of muslims rallying and expressing lots of support for the french ideas, french unity. And i think this will gain some short term benefits. How do you prevent the Muslim Community of france of entrenching . How do you reach out to from perhaps authorities it is a very difficult question, but something we need to discuss. How do we do that best . How do we make sure that everybody is on the same page . I think part of it has to do with the media. If the media pays attention for example, in america and in france, i have often heard that the muslims are not condemning. At the same time, i know Muslim Leaders that are condemning these terrorist attacks everyday. This is a huge problem within the muslim world. The muslims feel targeted, in general, much more than we feel targeted in the west. The reality is the Muslim Community, globally, is a very segmented they do not speak with one voice. And i think theres a lot of expectation to some sort of global continuity. More of the problem is the way in which france deals with immigration. Some might argue the whole notion of integration this is the anglo saxon model of multiculturalism. Does it really work . Is there a better way, a more effective way of doing this . I mean, the reality of integration is you speak french, you are french. But if you look at immigrant societies in the new world, so to speak, like america, like australia, like canada does that make it easier for immigrants to immigrate . I think it has always been a problem in france, ever since the seventh century. The eighth century. You have a fear that the muslim world is somehow going to take over europe. And you hear that many times of political commentaries, both in france and elsewhere. This plays a role, the fear of the islamic world; however, it is obvious that in france, the question of integration is always on the lives of politicians, but never in the actions on the ground. And there is i was speaking yesterday with a specialist that works close to the french president ial palace who was saying that they think that we have gone too far in allowing certain activities to take place that are managed by the Muslim Leaders. France should have been managed by the administration. But the other problem we are dealing with here is were talking about two different timetrax. If you are going to somehow the Muslim Population, were talking about a generation that is going to take. If we are, at the same time, going to fight against terrorism, were talking about measures that need to be taking need to be taken quickly. That fight is not just a question of security. We hear we have spoken several times today of how security must have failed in some concern to not have been on the tracks of the brothers. Then you have a problem of liberties. Hold that thought and standby for us, michael. Were going to turn to another guest now who is joining us by escape from the United States skype from the United States. She is with us via skype. John, i am not sure how much you have been able to policy or in the studio. But i just want to get a sense of what you think when it comes to how france is dealing with its Muslim Community. Do think that france is doing a bad job, so to speak, when it comes to dealing with its Muslim Community . Well, i have only had about five seconds of the discussion, but i will punch right in nonetheless. I believe it is important to distinguish between the vast majority of french people who happen to be of the muslim faith, many of whom feel like they havent really been accepted as part of the french republic. There was a very recent survey taken in which show that nine out of 10 People Living there felt that they were a part of france, but they also felt that the french people didnt think they were a part of france. So that is an issue that has to do with exclusion, the way france is set up specially, with the lack of progress toward ending discrimination, and other issues with have to do with people that feel excluded no matter what their previous. And that is quite different from the second issue. But still thousands were getting tempted on websites and other ways by jihadi recruiters that is an issue which calls for other sort of measures. Im thinking of much more attention to training chaplains for the prisons. Im thinking about new attempts to head off uupstream of radicalizing young men and women. John, standby for us for just a moment because i want to focus on the pictures were looking at now from the area where this unity rally has started. Obviously, seeing leaders there dozen standing by. And they are lining up there as they take a moment to commemorate the victims of this weeks attack. You see david cameron, the british Prime Minister. Right next to him as the spanish Prime Minister. As the camera pans back towards the french president , we can also see the turkish Prime Minister. We need to make the points that there that the friends and relatives of the victims themselves are also taking part in this rally, alongside a lot of Muslim Leaders. They have come out in force, and they have called out on their supporters to come out in force today just to basically show that the majority of french muslims do not support, in any way shape or form, what has been happening throughout the week. John, what do you say to that . And you think that france what does france need to do, essentially, to get closer to its Muslim Population and to basically bring them into the fabric of society in effective fashion . Well, there are no easy solutions. The mechanism set up to try to do that the National Council of muslim faith is a complete failure at reaching out to the people that we are concerned with. It has nothing to do with the base whatsoever. I think intermediate kinds of institutions, more schools, for example. A former counterterrorism expert said that one of the things that europe needs and i would say, especially france is more islamic tools that would teach young men and women about islam. That is one thing. Let me mention something i know about the rally. The one big absent force their is the National Front there is the National Front. I do not know what the diesels were what the specific details were, but this is one of the growing aspects in france on the political stage. The National Front feels it self marginalized. For the average french person, they do not distinguish. That is a political factor that is going to exacerbate the problems of anti islamic sentiments in france. John, just as you have been speaking, we have been seeing the french president agreed all of the leaders who have come out this sunday in paris. Personally, we saw, for instance, the french president to meeting the nato head the former norwegian Prime Minister who is the head of the norwegian government at the time of the shootings back in 2011. Perhaps a little bit of a deja vu for him. Another painful chapter, so to speak. Yes, just a few things we are noticing he is the political archrival of the president of france. She claimed that she was not invited, but they made it clear that no official and formal invitations were issued to the parties. She was received by the president of france last week after Charlie Hebdo, and he made it absolutely clear on friday that everybody was welcome. She even said that he would guarantee the security of leaders, including that of the front. Talking about security, this is, of course, a tremendous challenge for Frances Police and military. Can you imagine more than 50 were leaders it is absolutely clear that a number of socialist leaders, a number of centerleft politicians, are increasingly uncomfortable and working with him. What the leader said is that it is not the case, they were indeed invited. And that maybe she is being exploited for political purposes. And john, i just want to turn with you before we go. There is so much issues, obviously, to doctor and discuss azriel looking through these pictures from the center of paris. I want to ask you about frances secular traditions. The state is supposed to be completely detached from religion. That is one of the fundamental parts. Is that a Company Getting factor, when it comes to this being of different religious communities and bringing everyone onto the same page . It doesnt have to be at all. I think the best way to understand it is is no preference for one religion over another. An absence of religion from the public sphere, but at the same time, efforts from the states what we would call voluntary efforts to make sure that those members of religions want to worship have places to worship. France is a land of religious freedom. At the same time, it has to give a balance and make religion not part of the public sphere. That is very important. Muslims have no problems with that. As long as it is enforced if catholics get subsidies for catholic schools, for example, muslims should not be given a hard time when they also want to create muslim schools. So there is no problems with that. There have been in recent years, a number of members taking, most recently the ban a nonproblem that was given a solution that was really seen by many muslims as just one more insult directed towards them. The strange efforts taken to keeping mothers from wearing headscarves. If there were to be a cessation of these rather silly symbolic effort, aa really evenhanded enforcement i dont think muslims have a problem with that. John bowen, i want to thank you very much, indeed. We are charlie. It has become a slogan over the past few days, ever since the attacks on wednesday. Holding that banner in central paris is, basically, a list of french political personalities. From the right wing unp, i have seen former ministers. We are also seeing leaders from the socialist party, as well. Side by side. Shoulder to shoulder in the center of paris. Obviously, as we have been saying time and time again, we are seeing thousands of people on the streets of the french capital this sunday. We are now going to turn to our reporter who is watching events unfold. That is the place for this rally started. Clovis, is the square starting to empty now that the unity much is underway . Not really, marcus. It is impossible for anyone to move, really. Very Little Movement. While the interNational Leaders, who have come especially for this march in paris, seem to have made their way towards the town hall. We have very Little Movement around me. Slowly, people seem to be moving. All the avenues leading to hear are filled with people. It is extremely difficult, but i can tell you the atmosphere here is festive. There is also reports of a different route spontaneously made around the cemetery that is northeast of paris. It seems that there are some people who decided to head towards that direction spontaneously because there were so many people here that it was simply impossible to make way. And that just shows the success of this republican march. The french authorities want as many people as possible in the streets of paris tonight today to show their opposition to what happened. To show their solidarity. And to pay tribute to their victims of the tragic attacks that have been taking place here in france since wednesday. Well, it seems that the authorities, the government, and the leaders of religious communities have been heard because there really is a huge turnout. Probably hundreds of thousands of people here, garnering slogans line with france. People on the statue waving flags from all over the world. It is really quite emotional here. A very special moment in the history of france, following the unprecedented attack that the country just suffered. Absolutely. We can see it on the pictures. We are currently looking at an aerial shot. And you can hear the people cheering absolutely, absolutely. You can hear the people cheering. Take a look at this. This is an unprecedented view, really. Tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of people filling the streets of paris. Looking at all those boulevards, too. Not very wide boulevards. I dont think people understand. These are boulevards that are uusually full of cars. It must be exhilarating to be there, to hear the shouts around you. And now that the politicians are probably going to move away from all of this, the people are going to take over. And were also seeing the monuments there at the Center People have climbed up onto that monument, which often happens at demonstrations such as these. And were seeing people waving flags. The french play, the tunisian fight, the norwegian flag. There really tells the story of how many different people from how many different walks of life in paris have turned out. We just saw pictures there of the mayor of paris, who was wearing a blue scarf. And she was holding that banner, once again we are charlie. I just want to say, this is something that began with very much a peoples movement. Because it really did come out of the spontaneous sort of display. Beginning wednesday night. As always, there have been people there lighting candles, maintaining some sort of vigil. And now what were seeing is a more organized event. But it really is driven and guided and pushed by the people of paris. They came from the bottom up, as opposed from the top down. And that itself because it started with 35,000 people on wednesday night. And the hashtag, which goes to show social media playing a very important part these days. And it defines that social media is a part of the story on both sides. Not only in terms of what it means to french unity and the aftermath in france, but also what it has meant to the vast growth of the Islamic Radical groups. And so, you know, social media is there is no doubt the connectedness of the world is giving france the possibility to be in the spotlight today around the world. And it is also giving us the chance to make other people think of how to use it. And one of the most possible hashtags. So Many American friends of mine tweet to me or send emails to me with je suis charlie. We have all become french. I have to say that some of the people who today are saying je suis charlie were some of those people who despise charlie. These are very emotional pictures. Very, very moving to see. These are Staff Members of Charlie Hebdo, and they are currently being hugged by the french president. These are very emotional pictures. And they were in the process of publishing a new edition, which is expected to reach some 1 million copies which will come out later in the week. We are seeing french Media Outlets closing ranks when it comes to helping Charlie Hebdo, with another fresh addition, as usual, on wednesday. As you said, we are expecting 1 million copies to be printed. Just to put that in perspective, and ordinary in addition of Charlie Hebdo word be printed in roundabout 60,000 copies. And it will be sold abroad, as well. Which is also extraordinary because that has never happened in the history of the magazine. I think the other thing to come out of this, as well as teaching the world to say i am charlie in french is the word in french, a means suburb. Paris is the most visited capital, when it comes to tourism. This has exposed a whole other side of paris that many were probably not aware of and that it is a tale of two cities. It is the center of paris, and then beyond the city ring road, the suburbs. And that begins with my own personal story. Over the past few days, we have learned that tthe brothers belongs to a group in northeastern paris. It turns out that my son was right next door to the group. Suddenly, that becomes a very personal story. You realize that these guys were planning whatever