plus, a man who suffered a debilitating disease and his mom has to read things to him out loud. first, news about the terrorist attacks of 9/11 and what they are still doing to us ten years later. in new york when the twin towers fell, thousands of men and women raced to the pile to dig for survivors. many of the rescue workers blame the dust and debris for the breathing problems and cancer. i have been investigating this for several months. it is controversial. a new study out says the cancer link is real. at least for firefighters. other patients say that could be the tip of the iceberg. ernie valabona is a former vice cop with the new york city police department. these partners arrived at ground zero within minutes of the collapse. >> we were watching the teams of firefighters going in with their tools and packs. they would disappear. >> from the distance i am to you? >> where your hand, your partner would disappear. i had to grab on to him. i had to hold on to the hood of his jacket. he would disappear. i would lose him. >> nobody had any respirators in the police department. we didn't have any. we were trying to wrap bandanas around our faces. >> in a statement, the city of new york said despite challenges, several hundred thousand respirators were made available to the workers within a week. in the chaos, they say they never got a hold of one. three years later, valebona was diagnosed with cancer. a rare stage of lymphoma. a type that may be caused by toxins in the environment. >> how is everything going with your treatment? >> i finished the last treatment. i have to go back to see if i'm done. >> there are so many rescue workers in his circle. mostly cops and responders, who got sick and they formed a cancer club. >> one of our friends is a captain. he had multiple myloma. >> how many people off the top of your head can you think of that fall into that pattern? >> there are so many, i hear, every month there are a couple more. >> every month? >> yeah. >> it is true that exposure to chemicals and the dust has made many responders sick. most have serious respiratory problems. questions about cancers alluded scientists until now. dr. david prazan authored a study just published in a medical journal suggesting that something may may change this debate. answering the question that many believed would never been answered. that firefighters working ground zero are, in fact, at increased risk for cancer. >> we found a 19% increase in all cancers in our exposed firefighters as compared to our non-exposed firefighters. >> 19% increase in cancer rates. that's a significant increase. >> a significant increase. we excluded cancers that might have been diagnosed early. we still see this 19% increase when we put those cancers back in. we see a 32% increase. >> before dr. prezant's study was released, the study of health found no link between cancer and dust. his study may change that standing. >> does this change anything for the first responders or rescue workers? >> whether we can say that cancer is increased in other responders or other residents, we have no idea. this is a study about firefighters. their exposure is unique. 85% of the exposed were present in the first 48 hours of the collapse when the exposure was massive. that is a very unique exposure. >> as for ernie valabona, this study doesn't confirm this cancer was caused by the dust. for him? there is no doubt. >> i firmly believe that. >> it is a tough thing to prove? >> maybe there is no stud toy prove that, but the common man, common sense answer would be yeah. there are too many people getting these blood disorders and cancers and respiratory problems. >> there is more to ernie's story as well. you can see it all and what other police and firefighters have gone through and rare never before seen footage from that day. my full investigation of the health fallout from 9/11 is this wednesday, "terror in the dust" at 11:00 p.m. eastern. coming up, the test that can show you are at risk for a heart attack. that is after our break. with rea of gd bacteria to help balance your colon. you had me at "probiotic." 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[ male announcer ] we are insurance. ♪ we are farmers ♪ bum, ba-da-bum, bum, bum, bum ♪ i want to talk to you about a special report of mine. it is called the last heart attack. you may have heard about it. it is plain and simple. we know everything we need to know right now about making heart attacks a thing of the past. as a typical guy in his 40s with a history of heart disease, i he decided to go on a mission to never have a heart problem. but how? dr. arthur can guarantee he can see trouble coming years in advance. >> this is the lining. >> he is using an all extra sound to look for plague in the artery leading to my brain. a blockage here would cause a stroke and i'm at an increased risk for a heart attack. >> are you looking for what? >> for calcium which is part of the process. the plaque in the heart. >> i never had a problem, but you are looking for it anyway? >> yes. if you are heading for a heart attack in five or ten years, you will already have plaque. it is a life-long process. >> we know plaque is bad. it blocks your blood vessels. it is formed by the bad cholesterol. building up on the walls of the arteries forming plaque. it can accumulate slowly over time narrowing the blood vessels. like something building up in a pipe. this narrowing of the blood vessels can cause angina and a heart attack. this may surprise you. most heart attacks happen in people with no symptoms. in people whose arteries are less than 50% blocked. here's how. cholesterol can cause unstable bubbles or blisters of plaque to form in the arteries. most are covered by a cap. inflammation and stress can cause the cap to thin and rupture resulting in a clot. that causes a heart attack. >> one of the best kept secrets in medicine, is doctors practicing are seeing heart attacks and strokes disappear from their practices. it is do ableababldoable. >> you are saying with what we know right now, we don't have to have anymore heart attacks? >> i'll never say not any, but the great majority. yes. >> it is the biggest killer of men and women. heart disease. >> it is completely preventible. >> your body needs cholesterol. actually makes it. it is in the lining of every cell of your body. the liver sends out ldl. when everything works right, the hdl takes ldl and brings it back to the liver. you get cholesterol from your food. the cholesterol is a good measure of what is in the blood. it doesn't tell you if it is forming plaque. it is the plaque that causes heart attackattacks. >> if you look at the coronary care unit, those who have it and those on the street are essentially the same. >> you hear people exchange the numbers. if it is low, they are proud of it. if it is high, there is cause for concern. you are not looking in the right place. >> that is useless essentially. >> here is what does matter. the size of your ldl, or bad cholesterol. larger ldl don't pose a threat because they pass through the blood vessels without sticking. it is the smaller ldl that are more likely to lodge in the blood vessels and cause the build up of plaque. >> there are old ladies with high cholesterol who have squeaky clean vessels. they have large particles and they don't get into the vessel wall. >> i did find out about my cholesterol and plaque and levels. my doctors say i'm heart attack proof for a while. you want that as well. you can watch me and former president bill clinton exploring the signs and changes that can lead us all to the last heart attack. i want you to imagine this, you are surrounded by words you can see, but can't read. it makes you impossible to function in life until now. he's low fat, too, and has 5 grams of sugars. i'll believe it when i--- [ both ] oooooh... what's shakin'? [ female announcer ] as you get older, protein is an important part of staying active and strong. new ensure high protein... fifty percent of your daily value of protein. low fat and five grams of sugars. see? he's a good egg. [ major nutrition ] new ensure high protein. ensure! nutrition in charge! the doctor leaned over and said to me, "you just beat the widow-maker." i was put on an aspirin, and it's part of my regimen now. [ male announcer ] be sure to talk to your doctor before you begin an aspirin regimen. go see your doctor now. before you begin an aspirin regimen. ♪ sing polly wolly doodle all the day ♪ ♪ hah you know, it is estimated between 5 and 10% of the nation suffers from dyslexia. ben foss suffered through this. now he is depending on this device. this is an intel reader. it is something he developed himself. for ben foss, this device is something he doesn't leave without. >> unsweetened cocoa. i could get semi sweet. >> the intel reader. a device foss helped design turns written words into speech. >> once you use the technology and allow it to process, at that point, if you are good at being able to listen at 250 words a minute, you could eventually catch right up. >> i can eliminate a lot of the challenges. when most people are reading, they are hearing language, i don't. when i, i miss pieces of information. when i was a kid, my mom would read out loud to me. that wasn't a big deal. when i was in college, i would fax the work to her and she would read it over the phone. >> the next stop was stanford law. >> was that almost to say, you know what? i will do this in spite of dyslexia. >> i would do it in spite of the box. i was a debater. i overlooked the reading. >> he got his law degree and his business degree. ben says it was his own experience with dyslexia that drove him to develop the device. >> that was so i did not have to call my mom every time i need something read. good for me. good for my mom. the result was i wanted to take a photograph of any printed material and read it on the spot. >> now, ben helps fight for folks just like him. as the executive director of the disability rights organization. >> think about who you are and what your story is. >> he encourages people to be open about their disabilities and find ways to adapt. >> faster than i read. >> it is doable. >> you can listen to it that fast? >> that is the result of years of practice. you spent five years masters tests. >> it costs about $1,000. it is not cheap. ben foss's story is inspiring. there are a lot of people out there that are just like ben. dyslexia is a reading disability. they fall in problem solving. one study found that 35% of people are dislexic. richard branson, steven speilberg and jay leno all have dyslexia. my conversation with these two men who have traced back our family tree more than 3 million years. what does that mean for medicine and what really makes us all human? almost tastes like one of jack's cereals. fiber one. uh, forgot jack's cereal. [ jack ] what's for breakfast? um... try the number one! [ jack ] yeah, this is pretty good. [ male announcer ] half a day's worth of fiber. fiber one. if you have painful, swollen joints, i've been in your shoes. one day i'm on p of the world... the next i'm saying... i have this thing called psoriatic arthritis. i had some intense pain. it progressively got worse. my rheumatologist told me about enbrel. i'm surprised how quickly my symptoms have been managed. [ male announcer ] because enbrel suppresses your immune system, it may lower your ability to fight infections. serious, sometimes fatal events including infections, tuberculosis, lymphoma, other cancers, and nervous system and blood disorders have occurred. before starting enbrel, your doctor should test you for tuberculosis and discuss whether you've been to a region where certain fungal infections are common. don't start enbrel if you have an infection like the flu. tell your doctor if you're prone to infections, have cuts or sores, have had hepatitis b, have been treated for heart failure, or if, while on enbrel, you experience persistent fever, bruising, bleeding, or paleness. get back to the things that matter most. good job girls. ask your rheumatologist if enbrel is right for you. good job girls. any questions? no. you know... ♪ we're not magicians ♪ we can't read your mind ♪ ♪ read your mind ♪ we need your questions ♪ each and every kind ♪ every kind ♪ will this react with my other medicine? ♪ ♪ hey, what are all these tests even for? ♪ ♪ questions are the answer ♪ yeah ♪ oh the presidential campaign heated up recently not over the economy or health care, but when rick perry, the republican governor of texas, was asked about the theory of evolution. listen to what he had to say. >> you know, it's a theory that is out there and it's got some gas in it, but in texas, we teach both creationism and evolution in our public schools. >> talking about gaps with the theory of evolution. he's not alone in his thinking. polls show most americans are skeptical. i recently had a chance to talk with two men who have spent their entire lives on the evolution puzzle. richard, grew up in east africa the son of two great fossil hunters, among his own finds, a near complete skeleton of a prehuman ancestor. also spoke to donald johansson, 1974 he found the skeleton of a girl he called lucy more than 3 million years old. another missing link between apes and humans. these menti have the the scientific rivalry but set that aside to meet me. i started with leaky still recouperating from recent facia surgery. >> let me share with you the results of this poll just this past year, december of 2010. 40% of people who were polled believe that it was god that created humans in their present form. 38% additional believe that god guided that process. 16% believe that god had no role and 6% of the people chose not to participate in that poll. those numbers have not changed in almost 40 years in terms of people's beliefs on -- from where we came. does that surprise you? >> it disappoints me. one of the points that, perhaps, i would like to emphasize and which probably isn't emphasized in any museum exhibit that i've seen, is that people talk about the theory of evolution and, therefore, they assume that skull is theoretical object. that skull is a fact. every skull in this room is a fact. all have been found, can be held, can be felt, can be measured and most can be organized in a sequence of when they lived. those are facts. those facts are not accounted for in the biblical account. >> that's the brilliance of darwin. like somebody who is a creationist today, if they came into this room with an open mind, like darwin left england with an open mind he was transformed by what he saw. that's one of the great things about an exhibit like this. people come in and say, gosh, they have a lot of evidence. it isn't just one specimen, they have thousands. a really important record here. >> how do you determine, in fact, what you're looking at? for example, with lucy or in fact this creature could walk upright, how do you arrive at these conclusions? >> that's right. that's a critical feature of what it means to be human. so at that stage, if you can show through analyses of the bones that this creature was upright walking, and rather than walking on all fours, you can comfortably place it on the human family tree. lucy had a knee in looking at the knee, i remember the first discovery i made, was of a knee joint in 1973. i took it right down to nairobi, showed it to richard, and brought it back to the united states and found myself involved with orts pedic surgery and the guy picks it up, does knee replacements and says this is a human knee. this what is we used to replace someone who needed a new knee. >> an orts pedic surgeon looking at this knee, when he or she found out it was from 3.2 years ago, might have been a stunning thing to them. >> he was amazed because he said every little nuance we put into a artificial knee, is right here. >> fascinating. we continue to evolve? >> as evolution ended, it may have enlarged organisms like us but not in micro organisms but we are putting pressure on pathogens and bacteria all the time. you as a doctor know this, resistant strains of pneumonia, resistance strains of various diseases, it's because those little beasts have evolved under pressure from us. environmental pressure we have created in hospital wards. we are producing new things, new forms of life, that could ultimately be our undoing. if hiv/aids spread not through body secretions, but through cough covering, it would have killed a lot more people than it did. >> let me finish quickly with you, dr. leaky, the question comes up if you find evidence of life somewhere other than earth, does it change how you view our origins on earth? >> i think the discovery of life beyond our planet won't change our understanding of life on this planet, but it will change the creation's view moints we are unique and created on this world ourself. it will be the most wonderful thing of all to discover and it's going to happen. i'm absolutely certain with the number of new planets and systems being discovered today, it's a matter of time before we realize that we may be unique in the fact that we're sitting in the natural history museum talking about bones, but that we're not unique in terms of being able it to reproduce and do the various things that we do. >> i think it's without question that there's life, you know, in other parts of the universe and we will find that. the question is, is there intelligent life? is there life that's like our lives? i know it sounds ego centric and sounds arrogant, but what if we are alone? what if we are the only species that composes symphonies and paints impressionist paintings? what if we were to disappear and the earth were to become an empty place with no one t
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