Head and neck cancers after a trial showed it gave extra years of life to some patients a study found there were also far fewer side effects compared to chemotherapy his Philippa Roxby there are around $12000.00 cases of head and neck cancer in the u.k. Every year many are diagnosed when the disease has already spread and is more difficult to treat Normally at this advanced stage immunotherapy drugs are introduced only when chemotherapy has failed in this study was offered 1st and the results were particularly impressive in a quarter of people the drug which triggers the body's immune system to attack cancer cells was found to shrink or stabilize the disease for an average of more than 2 years 5 times longer than with chemotherapy Philippa Roxby reporting world news from the b.b.c. The technology giant Amazon is mounting a legal challenge to last month's decision by the Pentagon to award a $10000000000.00 cloud computing contract to its rival Microsoft Amazon had been seen as the favorites in the bidding process is alleges that political bias and an improper intervention by President Trump influence the eventual outcome Mr Trump has repeatedly criticized Amazon and its founder Jeff Bezos who owns the Washington Post. The former u.s. National security advisor John Bolton has accused the White House of having Tonight him access to his personal Twitter account since he resigned in September in his 1st tweet in 2 months he thanked Twitter for attending control to his account a senior White House official denied Mr Bolton's allegations from Washington here's Chris Buckley so far John Bolton has been silent about the impeachment inquiry and his lawyer suggested he would only testify at Congress if ordered to by a judge but in a series of posts he teased the possibility that he might know I say something on Twitter he claimed the White House took control of the social media accounts when he left his job as national security advisor after clashes with Donald Trump and he speculated that officials might be afraid of what he could reveal the u.s. Military has lost an unarmed drone over Libya where its Africa Command is engaged in monitoring the security situation in a statement the command said the remotely piloted aircraft who disappeared over the capital Tripoli where armed militias a battling for control against the country's u.n. Recognized government a committee of the World Anti Doping Agency has recommended that Russia's drug testing agency be suspended again because of noncompliance with international rules if the recommendation is adopted Russia could be excluded from the 2020 Tokyo Olympics Russia was banned from the last Olympics after evidence of a state sponsored doping program was uncovered b.b.c. Nice. It's 7 o 6 g.m.t. This is weekend from the b.b.c. World Service I'm pull Henley in my guest on the program today Tom Rivers correspondent for American a.b.c. Radio here in London and Laurie Goering climate editor for Thomson Reuters foundation and welcome back both Now tell me how you enjoying covering breaks it is that your bread and butter I love it I love it radio side we've been doing about a story a day t.v. Side very different they may do story once a week maybe once every 2 weeks but it's very very interesting Paul in that lot of the lot of our affiliates may not be as increased his as I am in the red as I was going to be my next question how they do they really can it is body I can walk you through some of the affiliate States Washington is important for the regs that story New York they're interested in Bragg's at St Louis Miami maybe the connection with ex-pats there Los Angeles they're interested in bribes and for thing to them it's almost like a political soap opera they want to know that latest latest latest installment where we are in the sun and one of the most interested in the arguments in Parliament the election everything the characters the fact that the intransigence is there the fact that this is a seemingly never ending story you kind of get caught up in the story line and you have to absolutely positively know what's going to be happening next are they surprised that British people apparently cast so much about Europe. So no I think I think you know they they may not know the background but they understand that we are where we are right now the u.k. Is and they want to see how this thing ends in whatever shape or form so yes I think I think as I say it is spotty but there are some markets in America that are absolutely. Envelop in the story and they're going to they're going to keep listening going to keep listening until we get to the end and chapter whenever that is. Thank you Laurie when did you 1st start covering climate change well you know I started seeing it when I was based in Africa actually in southern Africa already there were plants and animals and things that were moving as a result of it and it's very interesting for all the parks and national parks and things down there because when you try to conserve an area that means trying to keep it as it is and there is didn't want to stay as they were anymore you know the animals and plants want to move out of the park and it's not very easy to change the boundaries and so that was where I and I actually saw it you know it was supposed to be the saying it was happening to our grandchildren and you know in the Arctic so when was this when Europe this was in the early 2002 it was starting to see it there when it wasn't a mainstream not at all and in fact my own editors at The Chicago Tribune were not happy to have climate change Tories but there was a bit another business reporter and I were both really interested in this and we kind of kept pushing and pretty soon other people began to see and then began to move into the news and so we were covering that fairly seriously and then I came over to this job where I do that full time would be a point where you all called Climate Change editor not climate editor Yeah I mean it's about climate change and what I've seen happen is you know we were looking at these changes to the natural world initially and now climate change it's very interesting it's not as much of a science stories it used to be because the science about it is subtle you know this thing is happening and it needs to be dealt with now it's actually a human story about about the sort of the social aspects of this and why we knowing that this risk is there and we can see it clearly from the science we don't act on it in a way that's more sensible and how often in jail in your job do you come up with somebody you meet somebody who might be called a climate change denier although there are they're still out there and they it was very funny actually for a while because the science was so strong they really went away I saw and just in my in by. I didn't didn't see as much from them and now went since trumpets come back in the office and some other ships of that kind I'm seeing them pop up a bit more again now. So they're still there and they ride certain political waves I think but but honestly the science really is subtle on this and it's much more about how how we go about addressing it Lawry going and Tom rivers are our guests on this edition of Weekend now Hong Kong is holding local council elections on Sunday which is later this evening our time in what is expected to be a barometer of public opinion on the 5 month protests campaign and the government's handling of it the vote takes place just a week after the most serious clashes yet between riot police and protesters who occupied a university campus the local councils which have limited powers have traditionally been dominated by pro Beijing pro China parties but the opposition pan Democratic Alliance is hoping to benefit from public sympathy for the whole protest movement so is this the calm before the storm in Hong Kong today our correspondent Jonathan Head is there what do you think the election will be stormy but you have to say that they could hardly be taking place in a less conducive atmosphere and some candidates have talked about feeling intimidated there have been attacks on candidates in the during these these months of clashes really nasty attacks at times some are trying to keep a low profile certainly the campaigning has been rather low key you normally expect and of course nobody can ignore the fact that you have a university campus that is still occupied by hardcore protesters seized by the police one of the finest campuses in Asia that was absolutely devastated in the worst clashes we've seen and the Hong Kong those who have to adjust from having been in one of the most lowkey and most orderly cities in Asia to steadily escalating levels of violence. Seeing petrol bombs catapult serious injuries I mean full scale battles just a week ago at this university and other places too almost daily disruption to their lives the whole place feels some calm callers are describing grief stricken seeing the state of their city and yet of course they're also often very very passionate about which side they pick a lot of people feel very strongly sympathetic towards what the protesters are trying to achieve even if some of them are becoming increasingly uneasy about the tactics and about the escalating levels of violence and then evidently this election which is normally for district councils which don't have a huge effect beyond local services are being seen as a test of where public opinion lies traditionally the pro Beijing parties of always done well because they're very well resourced they're good at providing services and people have tended to stick to them everyone is going to look at how the pan Democratic Alliance a ray of different parties who come together in a broadly pro democracy platform how well they will do they are saying they hope the protests will give them a significant bump and we believe that's one reason why that there will be no protest this weekend the protests are themselves don't want to sabotage the possibility of getting a symbolically very important victory and there's some significance to if the pro-democracy for the 1st time was able to win a majority of votes and win a lot of Councils it would then 'd get a significant number of seats in the body that chooses the next chief executive and have some much greater influence there so there is something really at stake here and for for the moment I think most Hong Kong was a simply relieve the the some of those clashes has died away and for the moment it's the rather more routine reassuringly routine the sound of campaign speakers they can hear. In the urban canyons of Hong Kong the familiar street battles have subsided this weekend in their place political parties canvassing for votes. Sunday's election is for seats on district councils with little power China and its choice of chief executive currently the embattled Kerry Lamb has the real power but the opposition pan Democratic Alliance hopes that public anger over the handling of anti-government protests will deliver its How majority of votes and control of many councils. Why he's chairman of the Democratic Party it has to like a referendum if they see their wallet the percent there at the chest to worst the government acts then they say Walt for the Kenneth coming from the pandemic has passed. That's the common assumption that the probe ageing pro-government side will take a drubbing on Sunday the Tommy pro-democracy candidate in the hotly contested un long constituency seen in a tourist attack on protesters in July isn't so sure the crisis will help him of course we have confidence in winning are gaining more seats in this direction but did this because with ashes we more focused on the local issues and I tried to ensure the public here decided. So that political issue didn't be the main focus on the other side lawyer polled say campaigning for the pro-government camp believes the rising levels of violence will persuade many Hong Kong has to stick with the establishment It would have been far more damaging for the 1st couple months but now as the violence escalated there was a lot into we think about the whole situation whether in fact we want what we have now in Hong Kong but destructions everywhere. Vandalism everywhere and so they are having a 2nd thought about it so the balance is that towards the middle now. The protests are on hold for now but no one can forget the fiery confrontations a week ago between the police. And activists occupying university campuses. And I've managed to get inside the campus of the Polytechnic University scene of such dramatic battles earlier in the week it's all quiet now apart from the sound of construction outside as they try to repair the damage and reopen the tunnel under the harbor. And the world around me in this campus is an amazing mass of equipment and other detritus rubbish left from those battles are petrol bombs bottles of chemicals tear gas masks medical equipment this was a very well prepared siege but there's only a handful of the protesters left hiding in the upper levels of this building still holding out. They emerge occasionally from their hideouts scavenging for food and clothes and then disappear it is a disturbingly apocalyptic scene I match David he's been there for more than a week. You must be exhausted Yeah I am mentally and physically Yeah I'm exhausted. But the police say they're just happy to sit and wait I presume a point will come where you're just going to say I've had enough Belcher from myself is foreign I mean you've got like Coke or God for the penny of good resources you've got it's just really really secret even the. Dishpan the whole year the search and university are going to follow us I'm really confident about this. Teams of mediators come and go trying to persuade the last protesters to leave lawyer Linda Wong has been offering them legal advice explaining that though they might be arrested prosecuting them in Hong Kong with its rule of law still more or less intact will be difficult we find it shocking you know as well the upset to see. University campus to become like a battlefield and of course we all know who should take the blame if the government they have many times many chances many opportunities that they can make the right decision but always too early to too late and this is now is a common opinion of many of the Hong Kong people lawyer Linda one ending that report by Jonathan Head in Hong Kong it's hard to see how this will play out isn't it Tom Rivers very much so and if in fact the pro-democracy candidates can gain some ground it begs the question Will that be persuasive for Kerry lamb to change your tune and actually sit down and have a meaningful dialogue with the protestors and I would guess that you could say the track record of 5 and a half the 6 months say that that will not sway her from changing her position but we'll have to see you know what happens come early next week the Hong Kong protesters some of them have waved American flags haven't they and they're clearly looking to the u.s. For support they haven't had much support but then I suppose that they're taking a punt on getting it because the u.s. Is in a trade war with China Exactly and that's interesting aspect we had this business u.s. Business delegation in Beijing just a couple of days ago President Xi talking about the ongoing negotiations and he was fairly upbeat that there could be a phase one if you world kind of a tacit agreement maybe just maybe question mark in December and of course. Kong is the tail wagging the dog potentially on this big huge deal and of course the president has Tweeted on this day in doing that he is he says he's intervened and stopped Beijing from sending in troops we don't know if that's true or not but yes this is a part of the equation and of course China does not want to kill the goose that lays the golden egg which is Hong Kong Laurie if Beijing does send in troops and they're said to be poised on the on the territories outer reaches it's pretty much impossible to imagine a repeat of something like tenement Square isn't there in the full Coloe of cameras and social media in Hong Kong Yeah one would hope I mean I think that a lot has changed since 200 square not least that you know everybody has a camera and you know can see all these things instantly and put them around the world so what do you think China is going to do to avoid that well I think China is in the really tough position basically because they. They they need to. They they've always kept people together with economic growth that's been the mantra right of the last few years and because that slowed down and because of trade problems they can't use that is the kind of unifying force anymore so that they begin to talk much more about nationalism which is what people fall back on right we see that Uncle is always another very successful trading center right so but you you with nationalism would suggest that you need to just act a little more strongly against those protesters but acting strongly against them will end up hurting the trade prospects I think and so that they're there balanced in this really difficult position of trying to decide what works for a home audience and and keeps them in the game as also as a new player on the international stage trying to claim some leadership in the world and as that lawyer in the report suggested Do you think it would have been possible if they if the Hong Kong government conceded more earlier to have avoided this when the initial fuss was about the referendum not the referendum the extradition plan to take suspects of sudden certain crimes to to China for trial to Beijing for trial if they'd said no straight away when we were cancelling that could they have avoided all this yeah I think so I mean I think that that would have made a huge difference and just plain having this conversation with people sitting down and talking to them we earlier now you know now the thing is happening it's going to be much harder to get people to fully back down because of the suspicions are very high thank you 22 minutes past 7 g.m.t. And it's time to head to the other side of the world now from London to the small island of Bougainville which is an autonomous region of Papua New Guinea roughly the size of the island of Cyprus and home to about 300000 people today voters there are going to take part in a long awaited referendum on whether Bougainville should become independent in fact voting is taking place now Bougainville Zz regional. President John Momus had this to say as he cast his vote it's obvious that the people are now in the mood of celebration I join them very much they have every right to separate because this is a forecast all the beginning of good things to come if we are ever right and. Trust that. We implement something that both parties. I've been speaking to my receiver cloudy Oh the chief referendum officer of whom Bill gained its autonomy as part of a peace process a peace agreement that we're going to a peace agreement signed in 2001 and a big peace agreement that b.p.a. Put an end to a 10 year conflict towards the end of the eighty's and the 90 a conflict which claimed the lives of between 10020000 people the bloodiest conflict in the South Pacific since World War 2 And it's fair to say isn't it that there's a lot of enthusiasm for this vote today yes that would be an understatement the program billions have been waiting for this moment for nearly 2 decades set in fact perhaps even longer because there have been calls for outright independence and a secession this feeling since the 1970 s. When Papa New Guinea gained its independence itself so this moment has been in the making at least for 2 decades if not longer the bottom 1000000000 have been waiting for this moment and the moment has arrived there have been procession stay on stage there and Stroup says balanced around the polling places in some places the that the the the festivities all have also involved livestock cows and pigs so it's very much a joyous infests there are occasions what are the prospects if there is a vote for independence of a clean break with Papua New Guinea it's not it's a non-binding referendum isn't it and this isn't something that. Up a New Guinea wants That's right this is a non-binding referendum meaning that the result of the referendum goes into a political process a political negotiation between the government of the autonomy as regional organ bill and the government of up on New Guinea the task of the p.r.c. Is to run the referendum and we turned the results how the people have voted to the Governor General and then a political process ensues the 2 governments will consult over the results and then the results will be tabled with the national parliament and a final decision on the ultimate status of booking bill within p.m.g. Resized with the national parliament of operating it that was Mary Schiavo cloudier chief referendum officer on the island of Bougainville this is the b.b.c. World Service. Nearly 26 minutes past the hour Paul Sara's joins us now with the latest sports news and England's cricketers have been in action overnight what's the latest Paul good morning Paul yes they have it they have been in action but it was a really difficult day in the field for England is the 1st Test against New Zealand the Black Caps are past England's 1st innings total with a great note from b.j. What Lang an excellent century it's akin $251.00 bores to get there which hints at the kind of day that unfolded it Mt Maunganui having started the day in the driving seat in Glynn finished his 2nd favorites to win the Test match laws of cricket at the moment elsewhere Australia piled on the runs in their 1st Test against Pakistan David Warner and monosyllabic both scored 150 s. As the host posted a 1st innings lead of 340 some good news for Pakistan most 16 year old debutant Naseem Shah took Warner's wicket 16 his 2nd day of India against Bangladesh in Calcutta gets underway sure. With Virat Kohli at the crease Bangladesh were bowled out for $106.00 on day one India have already made a substantial lead in that one we've seen lots of drama at the Davis Cup in Madrid we have yes absolutely Great Britain coasted past Germany yesterday in their quarter final fixture to set up a semifinal against Spain in Madrid later today their 1st semifinal of the Davis Cup since 2016 those who were Great Britain caps in Leo Smith had to say let me into this I knew we had a really good squad but obviously you know what happened on the last couple of days people made it so I don't think as a little bit but I've always come really strong ever was no posted wins which I think a great feeling to go into semifinals as well we just got to roll with that we just got to go and see what happens the other semifinal is between Russia and Canada the Russian team beat Novak Djokovic just Serbia in the last 8 to set up that semifinal speaking of Russia we've got new developments with their continuing Anti Doping Rao We have yes World Athletics formally the i.w.a. Effort halted the reinstatement process of Russia's athletes they've been banned of course since 2015 more suspensions have been handed out to a number of their senior officials the World Anti-Doping Agency's compliance review committee have recommended noncompliance for Russia which puts their part participation at the Olympic Games in Tokyo next year under serious threat and finally Paul there's a big weekend of English Premier League football ahead yes there is yet Manchester City against Chelsea is the standouts high but all eyes later today will be on the London stadium as Josie Marine year makes his return to the Premier League 11 months after getting the sack by Manchester United his Spurs side taken West Ham in the early game Paul seris Many thanks time for a quick update on the news headlines this hour Colombia's president has vowed to launch a national dialogue in response to anti-government protests and have been seen as a celebration in Bougainville in Papua New Guinea at the start of a referendum in which people of widely expected to vote in favor of becoming the world's newest nation this is weekend from the b.b.c. World Service. Well let's have a little look at what else you can hear from the b.b.c. World Service in an hour it's in the balance can financial muscle make the world a better place can shining fossil fuel companies face and a switch to renewable energy I'm just in Roland and that is what I'll be discussing with an academic an asset manager and a campaign at 9 g.m.t. The world this week and that's followed by don't hide my son being the mad off with a child with Down Syndrome interns a Nia is not easy not to go after the thrill of public with my son because some people they were looking me for my dinner for their son and at $1130.00 it's b.b.c. Trending we're in Austria meeting the grannies challenging far right politics this is the populists of today remind them of the Nazis from their childhoods they vowed not to let history repeat itself but is there a long justified now though it's back to Weekend. It's $730.00 g.m.t. This is weekend from the World Service Still to come as Greece struggles to cope with the continuing wave of migrants and refugees from the east we talk to the government entity charity workers about plans for the crisis management and we report from Prague on a right wing post war wrong done to the city's Jewish population that's on weekend with me Paul Henley after this news. B.b.c. News with Tom what's president do k. Of Columbia says he will launch what he calls a national conversation next week the announcement comes a day after large nationwide demonstrations against his government led to 3 deaths Mr Duke a declared he wanted to work towards narrowing the gap between rich and poor they have been scenes of celebration in Bogan Vale in the proposed New Guinea as the start of an independence referendum people are widely expected to vote in favor of becoming independent a decision the p. And g. Parliament would need to ratify the Australian Government is offering a neighboring paper a New Guinea a $300000000.00 loan in August the p.m.g. Government announced it was seeking financial assistance from China and in efforts to refinance its entire government debt a scientific trial has found that some people with advanced head and neck cancer can live longer if they take an immunotherapy drug rather than undergo chemotherapy an international study published in The Lancet found that the drug Pembroke lism Ab also had far fewer side effects than chemotherapy the u.s. State Department has released records relating to the trumpet ministrations dealings with Ukraine after Freedom of Information request the watchdog American oversight says the documents show Secretary of State Mike Pompei o was closer to events at the center of the impeachment inquiry than he had publicly acknowledged the technology giant Amazon is mounting a legal challenge to last month's decision by the Pentagon to award a $10000000000.00 cloud computing contract to its rival Microsoft as an alleges that political bias and intervention by President Trump influenced the eventual outcome the b j p party of the Indian prime minister Narendra Modi is back in power in the country's wealthiest state of Maharastra after after failing to form a new government with its regional Shiv Sena ally the b j p s join hands with the National Congress Party b b c news. Hello this is weekend from the b.b.c. World Service My name's Paul Henley and my guests today are Laurie Gurren climate editor for Thomson Reuters foundation formerly a correspondent for The Chicago Tribune she's been based in New Delhi Johannesburg Mexico City have done a Rio de Janeiro and London Tom Rivers has been in London for some time covering European news for American a.b.c. Radio and Laurie you've been looking into the mental health impact of climate change you know it's really interesting actually there is there's 2 big impacts that you see one is just all these people being hit by worst storms this kind of wild or whether these fires in California and Australia and so on you know people are displaced from their communities they've lost you know everything from houses to neighbors to photo albums and things that are important to them and there's a lot of mental stress around the that's not really fully acknowledged or dealt with yet and then there's this sort of climate anx to an existential problems around climate change that you hear people like. Talk about the fears of younger generations that their lives are going to be poorer and much harsher and adding the look trying to figure out why this older generation is doing not enough to help and it's probably far too easy to dismiss that mental anguish this enough weight on teenagers minds without having to to to take everyone's burden about the future generally isn't Yeah you know they say rightly I think the older people you know I can kind of set this aside because you start doing the math and you think well when it gets really bad I'm you know they're not even going to be here but I think anyone that has children or cares about children has got got to take this fairly What would you say to a teenager who's getting ill with worry about the future of the climate go do something about it you know go go out. Contact representatives nag your parents go on the marches spread the news to your classmates there's money not stuff that oppression of course altogether but being active it's depression is off often when you sit by feeling powerless and I think doing something to make yourself feel more powerful is one of the the best ways to fight that tone you are gearing up for reporting on another u.k. Visit for President Trump is that right yeah we've got another one he's coming over the 2nd so he'll be here for a day and then we get thrown into yet another NATO summit here is going to be fascinating and the summit this one is going to be outside a gulf area near Wofford kind of off the map in a very secure area and yet less expensive perhaps than in the middle of London where you eat less expensive and I'm sure there's going to be ring upon ring upon ring of fencing around there and let people actually play gulf is it is it in Politan. Of global leaders that they must play golf if president trumps it invites you to play golf do you have lessons quick I think they choose places that are more and more exceedingly difficult to get to as a as a journalist so they try to find places that are that are away from the center of town but this one's going to be understand because we have the debate about having up to speed we've been on this but the NATO secretary general recently met up with President macron McCrone says NATO is now brain dead so the gavel lot of you know to ing and fro ing and we've heard for a couple of years Trump saying Look 2 percent of g.d.p. That's what everybody has to has to kick in so they're slowly but gradually doing that but what is the reason for NATO initially it was against the great Red Scare and then going off the map in Afghanistan and Libya really what is its purpose why what is its mission statement why is it in. Exist in 2019 and how many hours do they have to discuss that $1.00 0 gosh they have 2 days but again it will happen in these kinds of meetings big question mark usually they're going to always stuff down before the leaders show up but as we found with Barrett's which is fascinating the g 7 cover this year a lot of stuff was actually being kicked around as the meetings were taking place and very different approach very briefly coming just before an election here and he said to be great friends with the prime minister Boris Johnson will give him an election boost Wow that's a good one we saw what happened when Obama was here a couple of days or a couple of weeks before the referendum and that had a very very negative effect lot of the Brits were saying get your nose out of our business I would guess and Obama of course was more popular here than president trying your very much so I would guess that the. Bosses over at conservative headquarters in the states don't saddle up too closely to trump because that could have a negative effect on Boris so I would imagine they're going to have a nice light touch but he's it's not going to be you know heavy handed Thanks Tom rivers and Laurie guests here on weekends now the Greek government has announced it will replace intensely overcrowded migrant camps on the a g. And islands with 5 new centers for asylum seekers there's a continuing influx of migrants from Turkey in particular the changes in efforts by the new conservative government in Athens to tighten its control over migrant flows while also addressing conditions at the camps more than 27000 people are currently housed on camps on 3 islands Lesbos kiosks and Sam most morea is one of those camps it holds 10000 migrants who have held frequent protests about what they say a hellish conditions there is a b.b.c. Report from the camp last year I mean. We are always ready to escape 24 hours a day we. Children right I mean this is our life every day we spend food 6 hours of all morning in a key to get some breakfast by the time we get back to our shelter it's new and this is an army repeats for lunch and dinner and then when it gets dark the fighting starts and we're ready to escape Well one person who managed to escape the camp is who Sam He arrived in Moria as an 18 year old from Iraq in 2016 and he spent a year there before managing to leave with some help he now lives in a nearby city but returns to Moria every day as a volunteer with the Dutch and Geo while he awaits an answer from the Greek authorities on his asylum application Here's what he told weekend on a phone line from the camp yesterday evening. Now is really really really tough because now the number is increasing and grazing like and I thought I mean it was 627000 people now it's 16000 people and very bad condition other moment is raining and. You know like people have to stand in line for a long time with the right line for the toilets line for the doctor the line for the psychiatrist line for the food line everything is lined you know to go on as I have here like they will close the. Detention Center for the people there I don't know if it's true I don't know if it's a room but I also hear that 4 years ago and nothing changed so I don't really get it because they say we will move people but in the same time we will make a detention So what do they mean they can lock people they are going to move people I don't get it but we would love to get you know more about it we would like to get more information about the thing to see what we can do what we can think or just to prepare ourselves for what it. Who Samah formerly of Moriah camp in Greece now a charity volunteer there now rights groups have repeatedly criticized the conditions in these camps and they've welcomed the news of these closures but they've already likened the new facilities described as closed complexes for identification relocation and deportation to detention centers so when I spoke to Manal slugger thirty's who is in charge of migration for the Greek government I asked him if Athens was replacing camps with detention facilities now this is an obligation of the country we're supposed to host this so-called in the past hot spots without actually that at the station and that the case from centers which were supposed to be close sent those because every station procedure is at the culprits of the festival. As septum an articulation let's say and the conditions should be there and of course if you have that comes out I described there is no reassurance that you can actually perform that at the station that you're supposed to so asylum seekers will not be allowed to move freely in and out of the camps that's not so asylum seekers someone that's granted up location for a site if you get the ground up the case for asylum This means that you are also emulates a procedure this means that you were to be moved forward to another accommodation come this comes there would be a period time sent us and the legislation sent us but that means that the people in those camps won't be able to move freely in and out if they haven't got asylum status. Listen the thing is that if you really need to go out you should go out so funk it like it is a brazen if there is a need that we can look for a fight inside the camp for that is especially fake a need for you to go out of the common you will be able to do that you'll be well aware of the history of complaints by human rights campaigners of ill treatment in some of the camps that refugees asylum seekers illegal immigrants what ever you want to call them I have had to put up with other ways in which you can improve the treatment of the people in these camps and are you trying to Mr Henley this is exactly what we are trying to do if you have a complex house a couple of costing 7 times that and you still have 2 or 7000 then this is a humane I was a doctor in that comp in the comp of someone for 40 years so you have to understand that I've been there and I know what I'm talking about so the situation as it is now is I say for the humanitarian what So where are the new facilities can you can you describe them and say where they'll Del going to be I don't know whether you know what is. Called that when sandwich but this is the area where the new Cup will be now we have making the plans and in the next few days where we have them ready and we will be able to do that and for the people who are going to push back the comps this comes will be that they locked him in 6 months from now we have to do something about the people that are already on the island so we have to offer them some time probably for that week that the days sent them we had arranged with a you program for cold temps and we are moving people to hope that's for that week then for the next up to 6 months we are also making a huge effort to create the bed that got their ship off the borders by greasing up technical equipment and of course I think raising the stuff there in order to have a better let's say it offers you of what is going on on this ship. Order of place how do you hope to handle the unease I'll put it of the local population many Greeks are very fed up with the presence of refugees near them and they've made that clear recently with protests the Greeks think that we are low in this thing and that we have left there to deal with a problem that is great there but then their capacity that we have as a country this you know increases the anger and it's also increases their rights that we have here from the Greeks so we have to deal with that in the we do that with a really good equate we introduce democracy about them going to just I would like to penetrate the people but we cop an objective that is there and we try to deal with the problem and we have a slot. And we try to fix everything that we can and it can't be fixed Do you share some of these people's anger with the European Union on how the prime minister has accused the e.u. Of a viewing Greece is a convenient place to park immigrants on the borders of the Union. But yes I understand and I said They say that the critics of having Why because we are having a big crisis now I mean it's the worst crisis that we have changed 2015 in the last 4 months where they saved more people than we received in the whole $272017.00 the whole year where they saved $32000.00 pensions from the thirty's part that went out just in the last 3 months but if that the fight so it is heavier than the burden that we can actually withstand man or Logotheti special secretary for reception in Greece a citizens Protection Ministry official title Christos Christou is president of the charity m.s.f. Doctors Without Borders he's just visited the camps and he joins us from Athens Mr Christie What did you see. Well good morning and truly shocked by the extent of the Imagine see that they have seen it and this is not just about numbers there are men women and children in sense of safety that they are that moment trapped in the madness drama it's a human tragedy and even miss the local that these guys authentic that the capacity government and the real thought discovered that moment is not enough to accommodate all these people and provide access to health needs so the numbers are even worse than has been said so far there must be 161-7000 people in Moore yet. To date and in total more than $337000.00 people are living in a legal limbo and then unbelievable cowards we thought the loss of their dignity you had repeatedly asked for the camps to be closed Are you happy now. Well we are more concerned for 2 reasons the faster we may be closing those are in humane camps and not the same time and we may be opening and actually they have made their announcement say opening bees close centers centers that can and from our experience experience very easily turn into trees I'm sick and my 2nd consensus is that no solutions provided to the people that they are in at this desperate need right now even when that comes may happen this will be in 6 months and these people are in that desperate and instrumentalists relieving at least moment they need to be urgently about created from the Greek Islands starting with accompanied miners with only 2 children that they have severe mental health problems and all of a number of medical help populations Mr Christou hope you don't mind taking a question or 2 from my journalist guest starting with Laurie Garrett you know I'm curious what you think should be done I mean what would be the right answer to help these people that's within the capacity of Greece and so on what's the broader picture of what needs to happen yes the answer should be even by Europe in this moment and not only the Greek government we talk about a collective responsibility and that change to the parenting that seek to something different because so far what we see is that they're responding simply were abuses discrimination arbitrary detention and pushback so people on the move everywhere around the world what we see is a desperate human beings that they have treated as numbers threats invasions these are stairs and this becomes a normality so for I myself it's clear we need a balance if we need to put human lives above everything and we asked collectively the European leaders to start providing this humanitarian aid to people not only allocate. These people are moving mentally these people from the silence to main lobbying b.s. And to out there European states Tom Yes Mr Kris a couple of questions one I saw yesterday the Greek prime minister again has gone back to the European Union saying please can you deal with about 3000 people and I guess he did not get one single response we've been there before looks like we're having the same problem and number 2 as a Greek yourself what is the mood in the country reacting now to this change of moving people on to different forms of camps. I would start from the 2nd question which is more important because the public opinion is what counts at this moment and indeed the result of what we call migration party while at the same time the public opinion is warning more than ever about let's say at least those kids there with the n.t. Looks with every loss of. Hope to leave they have already developed 'd a basic refusal syndrome This means that they don't have appetite to eat they don't have a better to drink to play date we have taken the outside world and the public opinion still wants a solution for all these people right now so indeed we may feel as beaks that we have already done our best we have accommodated a lot of these people we also feel very much disappointed by all governments the last years and the way that they treat it this however we still think that the they that the solution should call electively from Europe reallocated I repeat these and gently evacuate these islands this is what Greece wants this is what your 0 pm People want as well and the European leaders of course it's a little bit funny to talk about a few thousands or even millions of people back in 26 think and we have a population in Europe that can very easily be absorbed and be living in this in conditions thank you very much Christoph Christou president of the charity and s.f. In Athens with the b.b.c. World Service now each year millions of visitors walk through the cobbled streets of the Czech capital without realizing most likely that many of the stones below their feet have been looted from what was meant to have been sacred ground one particular street in Prague's old town was long thought to be partially coupled with fragments of Jewish gravestones taken from abandoned cemeteries during the communist period this week there was confirmation. That as the city of Prague signed a memorandum with the Jewish community on returning the stones so they can be put in a more appropriate place our reporter in Prague rub Cameron has been following the story for some time and he sent this out on every issue of the town and stop and ask anyone in on October the 28th Street just off the bottom of whence is last square and it's clear that passers by clipping the locals have no idea what they're walking on in jail saying I will get them or this elderly woman has lived in Prague all her life but she told me she had no inkling that the strip of dark grey cobbles running along the side of the street are in all likelihood granite Jewish tombstones either stolen or bought from a disused cemetery in the 1980 s. And cut into neat cubes results of what I am what your evidence for that there are and that lack of knowledge obviously goes for the tourists to the customers and if they if that's the case that yes. Researchers believe the cobblestones were laid down in the late 1980 s. As the area was pedestrian ised in time for a visit by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev the claims of 1st made public after the fall of communism but only now have the city of Prague and the Jewish community agreed on a solution any cobble stones there that can be identified as fragments of tombstones will be returned but this will only be done during future renovation work the area won't be dug up especially to remove them from t. Shirt banya is the head of the Prague Jewish community I also spoke going to able to Jimmy's I am satisfied because what you have to bear in mind is that no one knows anything for certain I simply can't imagine a situation where we would force the city to take up an entire pedestrian area and then not find anything and it will even be easy to find the stones because only some of them will have writing on them to make identification possible and also they were delayed in Congo. So this was my proposal it's not a compromise exactly it's a rational solution. But the obvious question of course is how they got there in the 1st place many gravestones were simply looted Czechoslovakia's pre-war Jewish community was decimated in the Holocaust and it was impossible to keep guard over hundreds of abandoned cemeteries but there's also compelling evidence of an illicit or at the very least immoral trade I have no reason to disbelieve it because it was normal at the time Martin Schumacher research or who describes himself as a troublemaker in Jewish history circles and unearthed documents pointing at a black market in the 1980 s. Involving officials within the Jewish community which was both impoverished and subject to communist anti semitism how come people are getting so upset this was normal communist regime had no respect for Jewish cemeteries some of the Jewish leaders of communist the most of them served the communist regime well had no respect for graves of people they had nothing in common with because don't forget most of the Czech jewels were murdered during the war. And especially in the borderlands the people running the communities came from somewhere else they had no connection to the people buried in the cemetery they couldn't care less the head of today's proud Jewish community says this memorandum goes at least some way towards rectifying the wrongs of the past and honoring the dead but the agreement concerns just one small area of Prague the documents unearthed by Martin Schmock would suggest far more gravestones were stolen or sold and where they are today is anyone's guess that was Rob Cameron reporting from the capital of the Czech Republic Prague What do you make of that Laurie. Yeah I mean it's incredibly sad and I think I found it interesting that they're going to keep them there rather than take up that there's been this practical solution that everybody agrees on I mean I would think one of the things you'd want to do is put up some signage along that pedestrian street. Letting people know what's happened here and what they may be walking on because I think essentially with anti-Semitism the thing is to to keep this history alive as it is it fades as the Holocaust fades further in the background I mean look at my surname and skittering of my I have the ancestry from Germany my ancestors all were in the u.s. By 860 but you know it's something because of that name I have to talk about regularly and I think. It would be a terrible thing to be forgetting this because there's so much chance there are so many conditions even in Europe now I would say that make you worry that as we see populous rises there's more sense of closing borders that we need to keep that history really fresh so that we don't. Move down the road there's a reason in the time why this perhaps a heightened awareness of anti-Semitism in the States. I guess so yeah but we were certainly seeing it here in on the continent and we've become a part of the of the u.k. . Campaign some accusations of anti semitism in labor but one thing I didn't this is 1987 this is relatively recently that this happened and well post war yes well post and why and why because anyone's mind to start cutting up gravestones be Jewish be anyone you know that is something that you that is out of bounds So how is it acting building budgets were fairly tight income in the late eighty's I'm not sure I like I mean yeah but I'm sure you've got a battle here really materials. Somewhere that could satisfy the remit to have a solid walkway in a square than to actually go and go to a 1900 graveyard and start pulling up quote unquote materials and this could be used as a. I don't want to say a tourist attraction but a means of raising modern awareness you're good to do exactly I think you know so many visitors to Prague now exactly you make them aware and then it becomes a little bit of education for everybody who walks down that street there must be millions of people that do that there are places in Germany where they put the names of Holocaust victims on individual cobblestones I think perhaps an idea for their you know I mean I think some kind of idea that what what you're walking on is there and that it's important would be b.s. And you think Tom Oh awareness is fading Laurie said that you know there are people who are less aware the younger generation of the Holocaust now it isn't so much talked I think you I think you it's an important point coming up I think in January you've got the 75th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz. And you're right that whole generation is now living and breathing a handover of what happened is is fading. Covering Normandy for instance a couple of June this year though those people are getting older and those anniversaries are changing now in the next 510 years Thank you Tom rivers and Laurie going are our guests on this edition of Weekend We're live from London this is the b.b.c. World Service. This is the b.b.c. World Service and we're asking what makes the perfect city what do we need to do now to create the perfect cities of the future we have to accommodate more people and more activity in the same space in the next program we look at Europe's fastest growing city and how it's tackling the problems that come with the expansion as well as its ambitious plans to be 0 carbon my perfect city at b.b.c. World Service dot com. And in the 30 minutes in the balance can financial muscle make the world a better place can shining fossil fuel companies face and the switch to renewable energy on just a drug that is what I'll be discussing with an academic at asset management. Now it's back to we can you see the b.b.c. World Service the world's media station. B.b.c. World Service it's 8 hours g.m.t. This is weekend on Paul Hendley coming up Hong Kong prepares for local elections later tonight but has the recent unrest swung the vote it was bought into we think about the whole situation whether in fact we want what we have got but destruction is everywhere we're going to some everywhere and having a 2nd fall about it shooting conflict will be discussing what the purposes of taking and showing images of war also I don't which excepted anything that hope anger. Never never accepted anything about we're not accepting birth a spotlight on Durham on a photographer as an exhibition of her work opens at the Tate Modern here in Britain that's all to come here on weekend after the World News. Hello I'm Tom what's with the b.b.c. News the Colombian president Evander u.k. Says he will launch what he calls a national conversation in response to a wave of deadly anti-government protests in defiance of a nice time curfew people gathered in the capital Bogota to protest against the increasing violence and corruption and the introduction of Astaire's he measures Candice Pietro port Mr Duke a said the talks of be all inclusive and constructive pathway toward social reform within a clear time frame on Thursday hundreds of thousands of protesters across the country had called for a radical change in the government's economic and social policies the demonstrators also demanded action against the killing of social leaders in rural areas and for President to case right wing government to comply with the terms of the peace deal with func rebels signed in 2016 Bolivia's interim government has said it will hold a dialogue with protest groups on Saturday to try to and the unrest in the country supporters of the exiled former president Evo Morales have blocked roads for more than a week the government accused Mr Morale as of sedition and terrorism after he had his supporters to maintain the barricades. Voters in the Bougainville are celebrating as they take part in a referendum that could mark their 1st step towards independence from Papua New Guinea crowds of people many festooned with grass garlands and waving independence flags have been thrown in polling stations Bougainville regional president John Momus was cautiously optimistic as he cast his vote it's obvious that the people at the port of celebration I join them very much they have every right to celebrate because this is a forecast all the beginning of good things to come if we're collaborating and work . Trash that. We implement something that both parties. Know more than 200000 dial and there's rigs registered to vote in the 2 week referendum which offers a choice between full independence or great.
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