State funds ended up in Guptas' clutches in three ways, Zondo commission hears
By Kailene Pillay
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Johannesburg - The state capture commission has heard explosive evidence from the director at Shadow World Investigations, Paul Edward Holden, who revealed that over R49 billion of state funds had been disbursed in expenditure tainted by state capture.
The Gupta enterprise, he estimated, earned just over R16bn of that money.
Holden, who gave evidence from an off-site location, explained how state funds were laundered through an "enormous and complex" manner via numerous Gupta-linked shell companies.
He simplified it, explaining to the commission that the state funds ended up in the Guptas' clutches through three ways.