With territorial positions and with effective government in certain sectors, especially peasants in colombia. We must understand that the National Liberation army thats participating in the negotiation process today, is an armed group, and it is not a simple gorilla. We can say the same about the presence of the fark. Politics has always been carried out in colombia with weapons in hand, there are also other gorilla forces, the popular Liberation Army, even the m19 to which the current president Gustavo Pedro belong. All then to fight for democracy, rights, sovereignty and independence from the United States, they have always carried weapons, according to some analysts and amnesty international, 8,500 people, 17 of the colombian population have been effected in the Armed Conflicts directly, and the entire a conflict that has not been sought by the people or by the forces that have taken up arms, but precisely of by the savage and blood thirsty oppression of the landowners, of those who are always on the side of imperialism in this case. Today the us has seven military bases in colombian territory. The Peace Processes that have taken place in colombia, as was the case with the fark have been boycotted very strongly by the us. For example, the detention and retention to this day in the United States in a north american prison of one of the main leaders of the fark such as simon and trinidad is a way of making the Peace Process not to be boycott of the oligarchy, boycott of the large land owners, boycott of the imperialists, today in the Peace Process that is between the National Liberation army and president pedro, the extreme right is not only ignoring it, but also placing emphasis on minor issues and at the same time manipulating Public Opinion evil way to let this process fail. Ultimately, its the colombian people who will decide the form of struggle and their destin. And if today the Peace Process must be carried forward, we must respect it and respect it. Im eduardo artes, and this is black and white. Estamos hoy dia con Mauricio Leandro osorio escritor y periodista. Today i talk to Mauricio Leandro osario. He is cuban, chilean writer and journalist. He is the winner of some national and municipal awards in our country. Hes also a political advisor in colombia during the 2016 Peace Process with the fark. Youre very welcome to black and white. Bienvenido Negro Y Blanco. Negotiations between the colombian government and the National Liberation. Army, what are these negotiations about . How do the antecedents influence the previous negotiations or the previous Peace Agreements with the fark made in 2016 and 2017 . 20162017. In the first place, we must remember that in the last 30 years, there have been seven colombian governments that try to establish these dialogues with the National Liberation army, this time Gustavo Petro on august 3, 2023, announced that two important things were going to take place seasfire, installation the National Participation committee, which is an advance in relations to what was the agreement with the fark. We remember that the fark sat down to negotiate with the colombian government, which was between the gurilla and the government. This time we will also witness participation of colombians in this Peace Process. Another important thing that will happen. Is the presence of the National Liberation armys chief negotiators in bogada, it never happened in history, both parts have always participated in negotiations in another city, well these are the historical milestones, it is also important to observe some historical background to understand what the difference is in this new round of dialogues, there are also three important events in the history that the government tried to have dialogues with the National Liberation. The first round of negotiations was held in the 90s through simona coordinating board where fark and popular Liberation Army were present. This negotiation failed due to the bad political will of the government of cesar gaveria because the government carried out bombings and fork camps at casaverde. It happened on the same day that the constituent assembly was installed so that the negotiations were doomed to failure. Second round of negotiations took place during the presidency of alvara uribeles between 2005 and 2007. Uribe had an aggressive strategy toward the Insurgent Forces called democratic security policy. More than 6,400 cases of false positives are documented from that period of time. It was a government that carried out imperialist interventions in colombia with militarybase installations and the implementation. Of plan colombia, his strategies could only intensify the internal colombia war. The third round of negotiations with colombian gorillas took place during Juan Manuel Santos presidency. It is important emphasize the difference between previous negotiations with colombian gorillas and the one that is being carried out during Gustavo Petros era. The government of Juan Manuel Santos and previous ones always saw the National Liberation army as very. Small group, and they didnt consider the political character of this gerilla. In addition, they saw the National Liberation army as a simple gurilla that did not have a control unit, but rather functioned more or less federatively. So what happened later, when previous colombian governments underestimated the National Liberation army and didnt consider its military and political aspects, the National Liberation army started to demonstrate its United National control unit by an armed strike, they carried out armed strikes and signed seasfires at the national level. I believe that everything has changed right now. Gustavo petro understands that he has to give political recognition to a gorilla that has been fighting for 70 years and that was born as a political vision with great figures in its ranks. Its members are deeply concerned with the term liberation, like priest kamilores and Manuel Perez Martinez in the 90s. So the political recognition of the National Liberation army is a significant advance. The mistake they can occur in this new round of dialogues is to fall back into the same trap and not give political guarantees to the National Liberation army and take it as a criminal band or a Parliamentary Group como un grupo paramilitar. Ahora cuando se negocia es tambien de una posicion de term force is predominant at the negotiating table. The truth is that after the peace negotiations and agreements with the fark, the National Liberation army doubled its violent activities, it was no longer considered simply as a minor gorilla group, simplemente como un grupo guerrillero menor, thats right, we shall realize this background to understand the new phase of negotiations, the colombian government and the fark signed a revised peace deal in 2016, it is important to see what happened in that moment, in that time fark abandoned arms in the areas under their control, they were governing in those areas because the colombian estate had abandoned them, the colombian government forgot about the health service, security. Guarantees, police and medical services and making roads in those zones. It was the fark that carried out all these missions and these abandoned areas, so witnessed the emergence of Parliamentary Groups and National Liberation army as well. This current dialogue occurs a time of escalation. We are well aware that there is progres in political participation of the fark with their Political Party known as communis. Five of the fork members were in the senate and another five were in the chamber of deputies. 1,3 300 social leaders have been merged so far since the signing of the Peace Agreement in colombia, among them, we can see 330 signatories of the Peace Agreement, 330 firmantes del acuerdo de paz, asi es, incluso, that is exactly right, the us permanently boycotted the Peace Agreements, it is important to mention that to this day, simon trinidad, is one of the main leaders of the fark, is imprisoned in the United States, makes the situation even more complicated, his absence made the Peace Process more difficult, the us could easily release him as a political prisoner. Well, these events, assassinations of social leaders and simon trinidads imprisonment, have a clear message and means that they need to enter new phase. Well, lets have a break and then we will continue our program. Entrar digamos en otro momento, bueno, vamos a una pausa y con bueno, continuamos en Negro Y Blanco y estamos continue our program on black and white with Mauricio Leandro osario. We were talking about an important issue, what do you think about these events related to the fark . What do you think about todays fark . I need your opinion to continue our talk regarding the peace negotiations. Your opinion will be useful for. I believe that there should be certain guarantees for the governments and they must be implemented correctly. Weve been witnessing progressive governments in the recent years. Ruribismo has actually boycotted the peace dialogues in the recent years. Many f fighters were granted amnesty and were bringing the process of integration into Civil Society where actually. In that time, their security guarantees were not fulfilled, many social leaders were also murdered, right now there is progress in the peace dialogues, we see the political participation of the farc as communist party. Theres also a significant point here, theres also advance in the process of justice regarding the reconstruction of what really took place during the Armed Conflict in colombia. Unfortunately, the rightwing policy of these proimperialist governments was to. Leaders to the us such as simondat, these actors should have contributed to the peace and provided reparation in the special jurisdiction, do you think that it is possible to do justice to simon trinidad and release him to . Come back to colombia and act as a garantour of peace, it is demand of all leftwing Democratic Forces in colombia and latin america as well, hace bastante sentido eso, seria un un paso significativo, pero reitero ahi, it would be a significant step, but i have to reiterate that this depends on the political will of the government. If theres a progressive government in power, we could move towards these guarantees of security and dialogue until hes freeed. Basically expect his freedom, we shall observe the advancement of this dialogue. Theres a real impeidiment in order to reach total peace in colombia. Colombias president has a plan for total peace. The role of monitoring and verification organizations is crucial to carry out a ceasefire a time of escalation of the conflict. We shall realize that there are the National Liberation army, Parliamentary Groups and fark gurilla dissidents in colombia. These dissidents are in conflict. Over territories abandoned after the agreement. Over 52 massacres took place during 2023 as the result of this conflict in colombia, so we cant pretend that nothing has happened, we see the. With outbreak of war, there must be a real sees fire between the government and the National Liberation army, but how shall we reassure that the National Liberation army and other Parliamentary Groups do not enter into this conflict . It is a really complicated task, but we have to keep trying to reach peace. Hay que seguir intentando avanzar en la paz, no . Asi es, bueno, tenemos que, the form of struggle obeys a special historical moment for specific needs. I believe that the entire history of colombia has been ruled by dictators. Colombia hasnt enjoyed democratic moment so much. Thats why there are the fark, the National Liberation army, the popular Liberation Army, and the 19th of april movement. Gustavo pedro was also a member of the 19th of april movement in that certain period of time. The Armed Conflict in colombia is transversal from social democratic organizations such as the 19. Bueno mientras el Estado Colombiano igual creo que para responder colombia. Colombia continues to be one of the bastions of the u. S. Imperialism latin america, along with chile. There are seven u. S. Military bases in colombia. Colombia is a strategic ally of the nato. The colombian state doesnt guarantee the security, education, healthcare and other services in different colombian territories, and thats why theres a continuous war. Drug trafficking is key element in colombian internal conflict. Drug trafficking also causes various problems. Many popular Liberation Army soldiers are connected to drug trafficking, many people in colombia have told me i didnt turn into a gorilla fighter because i used to read marks, i turned into a gorilla fighter because the Colombian Army and parliamentary soldiers assassinated my family members, so i joined the gorilla groups to stay alive, i wanted to take revenge from family. There was a gorilla fighter that told me, if the Parliamentary Groups find me, i will join them, if the fark find me, i will join them as well, and i hope that the. Will find me, i mean that they didnt have a profound political and ideological background to join these groups, they only wanted to ensure their lives, many these gorilla fighters used to tell me, im going to sign paper to ensure my life in the becoming years, 330 gorilla fighters signed these papers and were finally assassinated ese acuerdo que han sido asesinados, una de las dificultades, grande que tiene la paz, the power in the hands land owners is one of the many obstacles to reach peace in colombia, how have they used their power with bloodched and fire . They have treated the peasants as slaves, theyve also overexploited the resources of peasants, as a professional journalist, what do you think about the role of these sectors in colombia . This sector of Colombian Society is among the. Factors that has intensified the internal conflict, we shall include them in the citizen participation just like the fark, this is the only way to control such actor in the internal conflict, so Participation Committee in facilitating the inclusive participation of Colombian Society in the Peace Process is very important, this committee has the responsibility to invite the relatives of the assassinated peasants in the negotiations and guarantee the lives of gurilla fighters and there is a really complex situation in latin america, the us is now the first world power, it is actually becoming stronger every day. Can the us become an impediment to the Peace Process negotiations in colombia . We should consider this point that the us thinks that latin america is its backyard. Latin america may be the last bastian of the u. S. Because it has lost africa and asia. There are other conflicts in the world as well. How could the us impact the peace negotiations in colombia . Bueno, yo tengo ahi mi opinion personal. I believe that there is no peace in colombia because we are very close to the us. The us has also intensified. Colombian internal conflict, they didnt need to carry out coos or operation condor, we have seen the us Human Rights Violations and interventions in almost all colombian governments, i think that Gustavo Petro government is an exception in this case, now the power was divided between liberals and conservatives in colombia. In the last decade, we also witnessed uribismo. We should also remember that Juan Manuel Santos, signed the peace deal used to be uribus defense minister during the democratic security government at the height of the war. It is very complex issue. Thats why im insisting in a point that the right wing must not come to power so we can guarantee the peace in colombia. The uss intervention. Has authorized the presence of nato in some areas in order to protect the environment. This is one of the contradictions. I think that the participation of exfark members in the negotiations. Their lives, this is very complex, we believe in the intelligence and capacity of colombian people. Mauricia, we are about to finish our program, and i need your opinion about these negotiations between the colombian government and the National Liberation army. Can we see such negotiations with other gorilla groups and bring peace to colombia . If it doesnt happen, these little organizations will become stronger. The same thing happened when the colombian government and the fark signed the. Recognize these groups as political organizations, the National Liberation army has been recognized as a political and military organization, they arent known as only a military organization anymore, it is important not to use the word demobilization because theyre not going to release troops from active service, they may lay down their weapons, the important point is that they will stay in their places, but will leave their weapons, the forms of struggles will be changed, the key point is to recognize them, it has been 70 years that we face the internal conflict in colombia. Thats right, it will continue to exist if the colombian government cant come up with a clear decision to guarantee their lives, because the gorilla members families have been assassinated, the Colombian Police and military arent present in these areas, it means that no one guarantees their lives, the colombian estate with parliamentary forces and police, are the ones that commit these crimes . Those who have lost their family members will take weapons in their hands and defend themselves. Asi es mauricio, mauricio, you are right, they had to use their weapons in conflict during all these years. It was the only way for them to be recognized as a political body for their sovereignty, justice and independence. Thank you very much for accepting our invitation to be on black and white, hope to see you next time. Because i think that this Peace Process is in development, thank you very much, esta en desarrollo, muchas gracias, thank you very much for inviting me, ladies and gentlemen, were resuming our coverage of the war on ghaza, as israel is pushing ahead uh with its air strikes on the ghaza strip, these are live images that were getting right now, as you can see plooms of smoker rising through the air, the Israeli Regime continues uh targeting residential buildings indiscriminately uh in various areas and sectors of gaza just earlier in northern gaza uh the regimes definitely onslot on the besiege palestinian territory uh left number of others killed at least 15 people um were uh killed dozens others injured in the strike on the building in the city of jabaliah this is the sixth day as israel indiscriminatory pounds uh the besieged gaza strip. Its been pounding commercial zones, residential areas, refugee camps, gaza is under full israeli siege, and now the only power plant there has been shut down since wednesday, after it ran out of fuel, according to health authorities, overwhelmed hospitals uh, without electricity will have to rely on their emergency generators, which will only last for two to four days at most, israel has uh leveled over 1,000 buildings and imposed total sie. On the territory, cutting off water, food and Energy Supplies for the 2. 3 million gazons living there, some countries, even the United Nations has voiced concern regarding the. Higher humanitarian catastrophe thats unfolding and have called for a humanitarian corridor to let civilians get out and uh with it let aid reach the palestinians who are in much need of that assistance at this moment as concerns are growing over the worsening humanitarian situation uh in the ghaza strip am its the relentless israeli bombardments as you can see uh the ghaza skyline has now. Been covered uh with with smoke for to offer further insight on uh whats taking place right now were joined by geopolitical analist ryan dawson whos joining us from osaka mr dawson its great to have you with us uh give us your perspective uh its day six of the israeli onslot. On the besieged ghaza strip, how have have have events transpired in your opinion since the alafsa flood operation that commenced on saturday . Yes, they they want the public to believe that they had such abysmal intelligence failure that they didnt see this coming, even though it was provoked by having hundreds of rabbies flood the alaska mosk, but apparently hamas was able to take 14 different settlements. Without a reaction, total intelligence failure, and yet, at the same time, they want you to believe that they know which buildings inside gaza may have hamas fighters, its absolutely a lie, they are bombing Residential Homes like they always do in their cyclical violence, called for genocide, just want a glass parking lot calling to flatten gaza. Babies are being murdered, children are being murdered, and yet Jonathan Greenblatt from the adl goes on msnbc and says its like nagasaki or an atomic bombing of japan, but hes talking about the israeli victims that did not have apartments blown up with that 15s. Hamas doesnt even possess such weapons. Israel is a campaign for genocide. Their Prime Minister went to the un with map. Of israel and gaza wasnt on it, and hes talking about reshaping the middle east, cutting off electricity and water and infrastructure is something that everyone cried about in the ukraine conflict as a war crime, but its not a war crime when israel does it. Mandilor, correspondent in ramala is also joining us, now i want to talk to us first of all,
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