Different forms of armed expressions in colombia for 60 years, expressions that led to the formation no longer of simple gurillas, but of true armies with territorial positions and with effective government in certain sectors, especially peasants in colombia. We must understand that the National Liberation army thats participating in the negotiation process today is an armed group and it is not a simple gorilla. We can of say the same about the presence of the fark ep, which at the time was even in kind of technical tie with the reactionary armed forces. Politics has always been carried out in colombia with weapons in hand. There are also other gorilla forces, the popular Liberation Army, even the 19 to which the current president Gustavo Petro belong. All then to fight for democracy, rights, sovereignty and independence. They have always carried weapons, according to some analysts and amnesty international, 8. 500 people, 17 of the colombian population have been affected in the Armed Conflicts directly, and the entire society, by the way, indirectly, a conflict that has not been sought by the people or by the. Forces that have taken up arms, but precisely by the savage and blood thirsty oppression of the landowners, of those are always on the side of imperialism in this case. Today the us has seven military bases in colombian territory. The Peace Processes that have taken place in colombia, as was the. The detention and retention to this day in the United States in a north american prison of one of the main leaders of the fark such as simon and trinidad is a way of making the Peace Process not to be accepted even by the members of the revolutionary armed forces of colombia. That is a reality. The oligarchy, boycott of the large land owners, boycott of the imperialists, today in the Peace Process that is between the National Liberation army and president pedro, the extreme right is not only ignoring it, but also placing emphasis on minor issues and at the same time, manipulating Public Opinion an evil way, to let this process fail. Ultimately, its the colombian people who will decide the form of struggle and their. Of leandro osario, he is cuban, chilean writer and journalist, he is the winner of some national and municipal awards in our country. Hes also a political advisor in colombia. During the 2016 Peace Process with the fark, youre very welcome to black and white, bienvenido Negro Y Blanco por ispante de mauricio, thank you very much for the invitation, mauricio, estamos in the process of negotiations between the colombian government and the National Liberation army, what are these negotiations about . How do the anticides influence the previous negotiations or the prevents with the fark made in 2016 and been seven colombian governments that try to establish these dialogues with the National Liberation army, this time Gustavo Petro on august 3, 2023 announced that two important things were going to take place, sease fire, installation of the National Participation committee, which is an advance in relations to what was the. We remember that the fark sat down to negotiate with the colombian government, which was between the geerilla and the government. This time we will also witness participation of colombians in this Peace Process. Another important thing that will happen is the presence of the National Liberation armys chief negotiators in bogada. It never happened in history. Both parts have always participated in negotiations in another city. Well, these are the historical. Milestones, it is also important to observe some historical background to understand what the difference is in this new round of dialogues, there are also three important events in the history that the government tried to have dialogues with the National Liberation army, the first round of negotiations was held in the 90s through simona coordinating board where fark and popular Liberation Army were present. This negotiation failed due to the bad political will of the government of cesar gaveria, because the government carried out bombings and fork camps at casaverde. It happened on the same day that the constituent assembly was installed, so that the negotiations were doomed to failure. The second round of negotiations took place during the presidency of alvara uribi beles, between 2005 and 2007. Uribe had an aggressive strategy toward the Insurgent Forces called democratic. Security policy, more than 6,400 cases of false positives are documented from that period of time. It was a government that carried out imperialist interventions in colombia with militarybase installations and the implementation of plan colombia. His strategies could only intensify the internal colombia war. The third round of negotiations with colombian gurillas took place during Juan Manuel Santos presidency. Emphasize the difference between previous negotiations with colombian gorillas and the one that is being carried out during Gustavo Petros zera. The government of Juan Manuel Santos and previous ones always saw the National Liberation army as very small group and they didnt consider the political character of this gorilla. In addition, they saw the National Liberation army as a simple guerilla that did not have a control unit, but rather functioned more or less federate. So what happened later when previous colombian government underestimated the National Liberation army and didnt consider its military and political aspects, the National Liberation army started to demonstrate its United National control unit by an armed strike, they carried out armed strikes and signed seasfires at the national level. I believe that everything has changed right now, Gustavo Petro understands that he has to give political recognition 70 years and that was born as a political vision with great figures in its ranks. Its members are deeply concerned with the term liberation like priest Camilo Torres and Manuel Perez Martinez in the 90s, so the political recognition of the National Liberation army is a significant advance. The mistake is that can occur in this new round of dialogues is to fall back into the same trap and not give political guarantees to the. Ahora cuando se negocia, the term force is predominant at the negotiating table, the truth is that after the peace negotiations and reaching agreements with the fark, the National Liberation army doubled its violent activities, it was no longer considered simply as a minor group, simplemente como un grupo guerrillero menor. Thats right, we shall realize this background to understand the new phase of negotiations, the colombian government and the fork signed the revised peace deal in 2016, it is important to see what happened in that moment, in that time, fark abandoned arms in the areas under their control, they were governing in those areas because the colombian estate had abandoned them, the colombian government forgot about the health service, security guarantees, police and medical services and making roads in those zones, it was the fark that carried out all these missions in these abandoned areas, so witnessed the emergence of parliamentary groups and National Liberation army. As well, this current dialogue occurs a time of escalation, we are well aware that there is progress in political participation the fark with their party known as communas, five of the fork members were in the senate and another five were in the chamber of deputies. 1,300 social leaders have been merged so far since the signing of the Peace Agreement in colombia, among them, we can see 330 signatories of the Peace Agreement 330 firmantes del acuerdo, asi es, incluso. That exactly right, the u. S. Permanently botted the Peace Agreements. It is important to mention that to this day, simon, is one of the main leads of the fark, is imprison in the United States, which makes the situation even more complicated, his absence made the Peace Process more difficult. The us could easily release him as a political prisoner. Well, these events, assassinations of social leaders and simonidads imprisonment have a clear. Message and means that they need to enter new phase, well lets have a break and then we will continue our program, entrar digamos en otro momento, bueno vamos a una pausa y continuamos. Bueno, continuamos en Negro Y Blanco y estamos con we continue our program on black and white with Mauricio Leandro osario. We were talking about an important issue. Think about these events related to the fark, what do you think about todays fark . Need your opinion to continue our talk regarding the peace negotiations. Your opinion will be useful for Gustavo Pedro and the National Liberation army as well, tanto petro como los helenos. Bueno, precisamente es una de las cosas que mencionamos a la previa que tiene. Governments and they must be implemented correctly. Weve been witnessing progressive governments in the recent years. Uribismo has actually boycotted the peace dialogues in the recent years. Many fark fighters were granted amnesty and were bringing the process of integration into Civil Society were actually murder in that time. Their security guarantees were not fulfilled. Many social leaders were also murdered. Right now there is progress in the peace dogs. We see the political participation of the far as communist party. Also a significant point here, theres also advance in the process of justice regarding the. Reconstruction of what really took place during the Armed Conflict in colombia. Unfortunately, the rightwing policy of these proimperialist governments was to arrest the parliamentary leaders and extradite them to the United States. These rightwing governments also exterited gerilla leaders to the us such as simondat. These actors should have contributed to the peace and provided reparation to the victims through participation in the special. Justice to simon trinidad and release him to come back to colombia and act as garantor of peace, it is demand of all leftwing and hace bastante sentido eso, seria un un paso significativo, pero reitero ahi. And the political will of the government. If theres a progressive government in power, we could move towards these guarantees of security and dialogue until he is free. They basically expect his freedom. We shall observe the advancement of this dialogue. Theres a real impeidiment in order to reach total peace in colombia. Colombias president has a plan for total peace. The role of monetoring and verification organizations is crucial to carry out seasefire a time of. The conflict, we shall realize that there are the National Liberation army, parliamentary groups and colombia, these dissidents are in conflict over territories abandoned the agreement, over 52 massacres took place during 2023 as the result of this conflict in colombia, so we cant pretend that nothing has happened, we see the renewed outbreak of war, there must be a real seesfire between the government and the National Liberation army, but how shall we reassure that the National Liberation army and other parliamentary groups do not enter into this conflict, it is a really complicated task, but we have to keep trying to reach peace, historical moment for specific needs. I believe that the entire history of colombia has been ruled by dictators. Colombia hasnt enjoyed democratic moments so much. Thats why there are the fark, the National Liberation army, the popular Liberation Army and the 19th of april movement. Gustavo pedro. Also member of the 19th of april movement in that certain period of time. The Armed Conflict in colombia is transversal from socialdemocratic organizations such as the 19th of april movement to others that claim to be communists. It is a constant conflict. The Armed Conflict was actually the only way to make policies. The Armed Conflict in colombia, latin america and the world has an expiry date . What do you think . I have my opinion. The u. S. Imperialism latin america, along colombia continues to be one of the passions with chile. There are seven us military bases in colombia. Colombia is a strategic ally of the nato. The colombian state doesnt guarantee the security, education, Health Careare and other services in. Different colombian territories, and thats why theres a continuous war. Drug trafficking is key element in colombian internal conflict. Drug trafficking also causes various problems. Many popular Liberation Army soldiers are connected to drug trafficking. Many people in colombia have told me i didnt turn into a gorilla fighter because i used to read marks. I turned into a gorilla fighter because the Colombian Army and parliamentary soldiers assassinated my family members, so i joined the gorilla groups to stay alive. I wanted to take revenge from family. There was a grill of fighter that told me, if the parliamentary groups find me, i will join them, if the fark find me, i will join them as well, and i hope that the fark will find me. I mean that they didnt have a profound political ideological background to join these groups. They only wanted to ensure their lives. Many of these gorilla fighters used to tell me, im going to sign paper to ensure my life in the becoming years. 330 gorilla fighters signed these. Is one of the many obstacles to reach peace in colombia, how have they used their power with bloodched and fire . They have treated the pesants as slaves, theyve also overexploited the resources of peasants professional journalist, what do you think about the role of these sectors in colombia . This sector of Colombian Society is among the actors that has intensified the internal conflict. We shall include them in the citizen participation just like the fark. This is the only way to control such actor in the internal conflict, so Participation Committee in facilitating the inclusion. Participation of Colombian Society in the Peace Process is very important, this committee has the responsibility to invite the relatives of the assassinated peasants in the negotiations and guarantee the lives of gorilla, fighters and peasants families in rural areas, a Las Organizaciones campesinas y rurales. Ahora en el contexto latinoamericano, there is a really complex situation in latin america, the us is now the first. The world power, it is actually becoming stronger every day, can the us become an impediment to the Peace Process negotiations in colombia . We should consider this point that the us thinks that latin america is its backyard. Latin america may be the last bastion of the u. S. Because it has lost africa and asia. There are other conflicts in the world as well. How could the us impact the peace negotiations in colombia. No negativamente en la firma de la paz, bueno yo tengo ahi mi opinion personal, yo creo que i have my personal, i believe that there is no peace in colombia because we are very close to the us. The us has also intensified the colombian internal conflict. They didnt need to carry out cous or operation condor. We have seen the us Human Rights Violations and interventions in almost all colombian governments. I think that Gustavo Petros government is an exception in this case. Now the power was divided between liberals and conservatives in colombia. In the last decade we also witnessed uribismo. We should also remember that Juan Manuel Santos who signed the peace deal used to be. Defense minister during the democratic security government at the height of the war, it is very complex issue, thats why im insisting in a point that the right wing must not come to power so we can guarantee the peace in colombia, the uss interventionism must also be stopped, if we cant stop it, we cant reach peace una paz total como se llama parar el intervencionismo, sin embargo, i agree with you, colombia must stop us interventionism, i think that Gustavo Pedro has authorized the presence of nato in some areas in order to protect the environment. This is one of the contradictions. I think that the participation of exfark members in the negotiations can guarantee their lives. This is very complex, we believe in the intelligence and capacity of colombian people. Mauricia, we are about to finish our program, and i need your opinion about these negotiations between the colombian government and the national liber. If it doesnt happen, these little organizations will become stronger. The same thing happened when the colombian government and the fark signed the peace treaty and the National Liberation. Bueno, yo creo que para eso es importante en primer lugar. That the colombian government recognized these groups as political organizations. The National Liberation army has been recognized as a political and military organization. They arent known as only a military organization anymore. It is important not to use the word demobilization, because theyre not going to release troops from active service. They may lay down their weapons. The important point is that they will stay in their places, but will leave their weapons. The forms of struggles will be changed. The key point is it will continue to exist if the colombian government cant come up with a clear decision to guarantee. Their lives, because the gorilla members, families have been assassinated, the Colombian Police and military arent present in these areas, it means that no one guarantees their lives, the colombian estate with parliamentary forces and police are the ones that commit these crimes, those who have lost their family members will take weapons in their hands and defend themselves. Mauricio, you are right, they had to use their weapons in conflict. During all these years, it was the only way for them to be recognized as a political body for their sovereignty, justice and independence. Thank you very much for accepting our invitation to be on black and white, hope to see you next time, because i think that this Peace Process is in development, thank you very much, esta en desarrollo, muchas gracias, thank you very much for inviting me. Chair will now entertained request for one minute speaches. For what purposes gentlemen from florida seek recognition . Mr. Speaker, pursuent to clause 2a1 of rule 9, i rise to give notice of my intent to raise a question the privileges of the house. Under rule 9, a resolution offered from the floor by member other than the majority lead within two legislative days after the resolution is. Gesundheitsministeriums und von professor lauterbach mit einer vierwochigen. Hello, im Chris Williamson and this is palestine declassified where we investigate the israeli regimes global war against solidarity with the illegally occupied people of palestine. Palestine declassified as previously covered the zinus strangle hold on the Music Industry and were looking at the topic again in todays show because weve uncovered more damming evidence. Well Universal Music Group um is the Largest Music Company in the world, it was founded around 90 years ago and so assign deals with some of the biggest Music Artists the world has ever known. The other problem of course is that theres a pressure by Large Companies like universal. To push them away from more radical politics, especially in relation to uh the question of palestine