Behinds that and well ship within 24 hours of f. D. A. Authorization so we could be seeing both of these vaccines out and getting into peoples arms before christmas. The u. S. Battle grounds states arizona and wisconsin have become the late toast certify joe bidens election victories. Trump is expected to continue appealing the results. Deforest station in gra stills Amazon Region has surged to a 12 year high. Its sharply increased since president bolsonaro came to power in 2018. Hes encouraged agriculture and mining in the Worlds Largest rain forest. The either yopian Prime Minister is being urged to ends the fighting. Federal forces are in full control of the regional capital. However, the liberation front says fighting is still going on. Turkey is tightening coronavirus ricings after a Record Number of depths for the eighth consecutive day. 2 people have died over the last 48 hours. Full lockdowns will be impose and would curfews on reek days. Hospitals are stretch. Ed to capacity. Irans Top Nuclear Scientist has been laid to flest teheran. He was assassinated on friday. Irans leaders are blaming israel for the killing. Frances government has droomed controversial draft law that would restrict the accomplishing of images of police. The bill has spark sparked large protests. News continues here on al jazeera right after inside story, which is coming up next. Boko haram terrorizes Northern Nigeria. On saturday the group killed more than 100 civilians in the northeast. One of the most violence attacks in years. Whats been done to fight boko haram and can it be defeated . This is inside story. Hello. Welcome to the program. Nigerias government has repeatedly said it has defeated boko haram, yet after more than 10 years of fighting the armed group, violence is on the rise in the northeast. Boko haram is suspected of being behinds an attack on saturdays driblinged as the most violence on civilians in year. The u. N. Says at least 110 people were killed in an assault on farm nerls rice fields in borno. We have a report from the nigerian capital. They traveled more than 1,000 kilometers to finds jobs in one of the most dangerous places in nigeria. They endsed up in the hands of boko haram, bounds and then slaughtered. 43 victims laileds to rest in this cemetery. Ive never seen anything like this in my life. You can see 43 dead bodies here up to now. Some bodies have yet to be recovered from the bush. Indeed, it is a frightening situation. A search is being carried out for dozens of others who are missing but most are presumed dead. Six survivors are being treatmented in hospital for serious injuries. The state governor is turning to local vigilante groups for help. We shall ensure more recruitment and hunters so that people will take the fight to all the nooks and crannies of this area. The farm workers are hired to tends caroms. The men killed suggest their attackers are careful not to attract attention. Last month the armed group killed 22 farmers in two separate attacks outside the regional capital. The if the has issued a statement condemning the recent attack but after a decade of such raids by boko haram, many say the government is not doing enough to protect them. The United Nations representative issued a statement condemning the attack. An estimated 36,000 nigerians have been combilled boko haram over the past 11 years and over 2. 5 million have been displaced. We were obviously losing this war war and this particular attack and others we have seen in the last month or so. Where attacks [indiscernible] 2019 was the deadliest year for armed forces since the boko haram was started. For many years the Nigerian Government had been claiming victory over boko haram but the armed Group Continues to attack both civilian and military targets with devastating results. This latest is one of the worst since the boko haram insurgency that was launched 12 years ago and has now advantagesed to neighboring china, cambodia and others. Boko haram under its leader rejects western influence and secular education. The group calls for emmel lamb islamic rule and launched an Armed Campaign in 2010 that was twine that was suppressed by scurpt forces but nearly a year later they reearly morninged. The kids napping of 276 girls from the school in 2014 Drew International attention to the ongoing threat from boko haram. The Group Pledged Allegiance to ice until 2015 but 12 months later some senior memberers broke away, creating the Islamic State west africa proindividuals. Lets bring in our guests. In abuja. We have a goo e geopolitical and security analyst at the think tank and joining us from paris, a scumenting Senior Analyst from west africa at the International Crisis group. Welcome to you both. Ill start with you, if i may. Just try and help um understand boko haram a little bit. What the is their motivation . They have a very narrow concept of what they consider to be a true muslim. They attack islamic institutions more often than christians. What is their motivation . Thanks for having me on the show. Broke woke broke spoke in the name. It means representing western education. Western education is forbidden. So their primary aim is to do away with everything in nigeria that they see as against their beliefs, which is really has really lelleds to so much violence. So in the last decade or so. Just about a decade, thats how long theyve been here and their victims have primarily been more muslims than christians. Here theyve bombed a few churches but the majority of time, the victims of boko haram attacks have been muslim. Were looking at about 30,000 killed since twine and about two million 2009 and about two million kid. Its been and also extendsing across the boarder to parts of the nigh e jeera republic and bordering countries like chad republic and cameroon. So all of these countries have, for for about a decade, been in suffering, insays ants attacks of boko haram and the recent attack we just saw is just a continuation of what has been happening as it is the most terrorized country in the world, thanks to boko haram. And the leader of the group is shakow. Tell me a little bit about the leader of the group and the brutality they use is all under his direction . Its important to take notice of the nact in 2016 there was a divide between group and now we have two different factions with very different agenda, very different attitudes on the variety of forms of violence. The group that is the one affiliated to these seven states, which is critical of his extreme form of violence. This notion that you ex communicate people. That everyone who is not with you basically is against you and is a legitimate target, even if a civilian or a child. The other group, they have a very different approach. For instance, the they ban the use of suicide bombings against mosques or markets. They do not use child soldiers so they have rethought and changed and evolved from shakows model, realizing that it came with limitations. Its not that theyre nice but now theyre different. Now youve mentioned it, lets talk about the Islamic State, west africa province. Who is the greater threats at the moment there . Is it the Islamic State or boko haram . I think its no do you want that islam is the larger threat now. Since tweevepblet, the largest attacks on military, the most successful attack on the military, especially nigh jeera but also in chad have been carried out by iswap, partly because theyve rethought tactics and also they have learned, thanks to the Islamic State, theyve adopted, evolved. They are organized, their organization has evolved. They have a permanents group of soldiers rather than the militant type of system that shekau used to work off of. Do you see the Islamic State as a greater threat or is boko haram just as threatening . No, i agree with your other guest. Isleaming is a bigger threat. The you would find boko haram attacks mostly in northeast nigeria, particularly in borno. And they have more of a guerilla attack. Hit and run. But if you look at how the other group is able to attack the nigerian public and theres a tribal area. [indiscernible] have been very zphelf their troop attacks of nigeria. There definitely have been more in the last two years, it reminds of what boko haram used to be in 2015. They carry out attacks but just as boko haram has been going down, iswap has taken a different approach and that appears more to people e who feel they shouldnt be targeting muslims and in a very grew so many manner. Like shekau is doing that. Difference in approach, hes able to win more combat tanlts and deliver on that popularity to carry out more attack. So iswap has really given the countries in west africa, fighting drug trafficking. As opposed to boko haram, which is really more of a nigeria and chad problem. Not one is better than the other. But the difference in zpeak approach to what theyre doing has made iswap more than boko haram in recent years. Why the nigh jeesh security forces, the army, so struggled against boko haram and Islamic State . Why they not been able to bring in under control . So initially, it was an thank you of capacity. So compared to boko haram and Nigeria Military and even the government had no experience combating militant islamic groups. So just a few years after you could see by 2010, 2007 when the attacks started, there was this i would say very slow reaction to how bad this was and then by 2014 the attacks got really, really massive and that incident where about 200 girls were taken from scoop. So if you say why they have capacity, acquiring weapons, which they havent done for many year. You could see that they started making games. Because when they declared the caliphate. That was the kiss of death. Something new the government hadnt seen in a while. By attempting to mobilize, they got weapons, instructed, they started making progress. But there was a massive increase in fatalities in nigeria between 2009 and 2014. 2019 was the deadliest so far. Using americas strength, the army used to on business around the region. Not this region but by using an americas strength, we were able to troops in fatality. You could see the army started to change its strategy to fighting forces in strongholds. [indiscernible] and since then you could see a decrease in troop if a it will tiss but there is also an unintended consequence. That is that we now have communities in the hinterlands that no longer have direct protection from the army and that has made it very easy for such attacks on farmlands to happen. Ok, and vincent, the nigerian armys reputation hasnt helped. Deaths in custody and lawful detention. Does that play into boko and Islamic States hands . Abuse by forces extends to the very origin of boko haram. In 2009, after the founder to have group was captured. The army captured him and gave him to the police and the police basically executed him and probably would be in a different place now if he was alive in detention. Maybe he would have been in a position to make take steps for and then the sense of abuse that many people have in the northeast, the sense that theyre not well trealted by the military, the that she knows sometimes they feel safer staying with iswap or boko haram than hanging around the military or living under military control. That is a very serious problem because it cuts to the heart of the thing. Its a government issue. I want topped ask about the circumstances of neesm that part of nigeria that helps boko haram and Islamic State swell their ranks. What is it that theyre drawing on. Im realizing about these millions of children who are big begging on the streets in north africas northern cities. 8. 5 million of them there. Hour they sucked into boko haram and Islamic State. Is it solely religion . No, its not. Its a far broader issue than just religion or ideological issues. Theres a political con test that is needed to understand it. For instance, nigeria has over 11 million children out of school and then you also look at the fact that in our country, 50 to have 90 Million People in nigeria are living in abject poverty in the northern part of nigeria. So the failure of governments to actually ensure that Young Children are educated to become wellmeaning adults, its not there. Then you also have Environmental Issues as well. For instance been shrinking for decades and not much has been done to address that. And it has been a major bodies of water that agriculture uses for irrigation. When you look at the dynamics of increased poverty and environmental factors that are preventing identificationing as well. Revpbletting this farming commute or preodom nanlt farming communities to carry out their activities, you get the population that is disenfranchised and they become like a easy to be exploited, especially by these groups that spread their id lolings. Vincent, how much of support for Islamic State, for boko haram is sympathy or how much is drawn just from blinds fear or these economic pressures . I think its a complex mix. I think the movement before there was a real Mass Movement of people who were thinking that the shariaa and islam implemented in daily life could be a serious improvements in terms of governance and justice. That is what they talk about, the defectors. They explain that we join todays do justice. We thought welds make the world a better place. So thats certainly parts of the story. And also with shekau, he captured a lot of people and forced them to join under penalty of death and also they started at some point recruiting in the neighboring countries with promises of money, a good wedsing or Business Opportunities and that was also there and then you have people who joined out of fear. There was a very famous demin 2014. An zpreap the barracks military sexron lots of people were there had never been associated with boko haram. When boko haram attacked the jail, because the conditions in the jail was so bad and the perspective of obtaining justice from the nigerian state was so remote, they felt that following the attackers of the prison on the way out was the best way to survive so its a politics and you have to address this mix. And vincent, i wanted to and you about the Multinational Joint task force operating in nigeria, cameroon and chad. How effective is that or is there a needs for something broadser . Showleds the u. S. Worry about whats happening there in relation to oil interests. Is there a needs that are new lockup there is this theres a lot oaf question there. Clearly, the fact that the main combat area stands tap boardser between four countries is very important borders are very good for insurgents and remember lings because they can cross a borledser and move into a country which zrunlts same pressure or interest in checking their activities. They can recruit people. So the boardser is a very important aspects of the conflict. Until the nigh jeern president s, the former this nigerian president s were not reaching ouths. There was a lot of bad feeling but president s muhari, to his credit, made e efforts to reach out in 2015. When he took over and that has has some effect but i still think its lagging and partly because the other states kneel the nigerian minorities are not doing enough, not doing their share. Chad troops came in twice already to fight along with nigerian troops thafmentse pulled out every time feeling that yeah, we come, we push the rebels away but then nigerian state indictment ploy, doesnt keep the grounds that weve conquered. There are all sorts of frustrations and hard feelings there. But the collaboration is still there and its an indispensable ingredient. Should that be some sort of International Coalition like that that defeated or pushed out isil from iraq in Northern Nigeria or is the Multinational Joints task force, regional one, the effective tool . Yeah, i think already theres an International Platform in place. In the chads countries, the visiting countries, mostly nationals, made up of three country cans and what is need is these countries need to be supported. If youre not supported with [indiscernible] weapons. To actually fight the insurgency. Not necessarily bring in foreign troops. These countries have their own armies. For instance, the u. S. Carried out a Training Exercise called operation flint long. They has one, i think in february. So theres definitely a u. S. Commitment in the sense theyve got u. S. Effort in they have french businesses also in the countries. There already is a foreign presence but i think once you are mentioning, this country would deploy boots on the ground again, there are already boots on the ground in essential e e instance. U. S. Marines are not allowed to rescue an america who was kidnapped by bandits in nigeria so we dont necessarily need nip one country or countries from a coalition to come and fight because there is already one on the ground. What is needed is for the International Committee to support whats on the ground all right, im so sorry, were right out of time. So much to talk about but thank you to both of you. And thank you, too, for watching. You can see the program again any time by visiting our website, al jazeera. Com and for further discussion, go to our facebook page. Facebook. Com and you can also check the conversation on twitter. From me, Bernard Smith and the whole team here, bye for now.
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