Substance. Amna and brutal fighting in Myanmar Forces thousands to flee to neighboring thailand. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. And friends of the newshour, including jim and nancy build in her and the robert and virginia schiller foundation. The judy and peter blinkova Foundation Bloom kovler foundation. Cunard is a proud supporter of public television. On a voyage with cunard, the world awaits. A world of flavor, diverse destinations, and immersive experiences. A world of leisure and british style cunards white star service. The john s. And james l. Knight foundation, fostering an informed and engaged communities. More at kf. Org. And with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. And friends of the newshour. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Stephanie here are the latest headlines the United Nation top court in the hague ordered israel today to stop military operations in the southern gazan city of rafa, but the ruling from the International Court of justice did not require a full cease fire. It is unlikely israel will follow the ruling, but the action does add to mounting pressure on israel just days after three European Countries said they would recognize a palestinian state. South africa had brought the case, calling for israel to halt its military operation in rafah and accusing the country of genocide. Israels government today called the charges false, outrageous, and morally repugnant. In its ruling, the Court Expressed doubt that israel is doing all it can to minimize civilian harm and death. The court is not convinced that evacuation efforts and related efforts israel affirms to have undertaken to enhance the security of civilians in the gaza strip and in particular, those [indiscernible] are sufficient. Stephanie the israeli army said it recovered the bodies of three more hostages during an overnight military operation in the northern gazan city of generally a. Officials say three were killed during the october 7 hamas attack and their bodies taken to gaza. Israel says someone hundred hostages remain captive in gaza along with at least 39 that are presumed dead. 17 bodies have been recovered so far. An american missionary couple was shot and killed by gang members last night in haitis capital. A third haitian victim who worked with the couple also died in the attack in northern portauprince. The two missionaries were young married couple davey and natalie lloyd. Natalies father is a Missouri State representative. A Police Official and the organization missions in haiti founded by david lords parents say they were leaving a church when they were killed. More than 100 people in par 4 new guinea are feared dead after a landslide last night more than 100 people in pop what new guinea in papua new guinea. Video today showed that giving way. A Community Leader said the entire village was flattened and hundreds are missing. People, they cannot cry over they cannot do anything. Its difficult for them. Such a situation has never happened in history. People right now are speechless. A former c. I. A. Officer accused of spying for china for at least a decade pleaded guilty today in a federal court. He passed classified information about cia sources, assets, and International Operations to chinese agents. The plea deal calls for a 10year sentence, but a judge will have the final say during sentencing in september. Families of 19 victims of the your Baltic School shooting are suing multiple companies that they say played a role in the governments actions families of 19 victims of the Uvalde School shooting. They say meta, facebooks parent company, colluded with call of duty, conditioning the gunmen to believe the gun was the solution to solve his problems and training him to use it. Two highranking Democratic Senators are calling on Justice Samuel alito to recuse himself in cases related to the 2020 election. This comes after a pair of New York Times reports about two instances when flags carried back january 6 rioters were flown outside his property. In a letter to chief justice john roberts, the senator said that by displaying the flags, alito created reasonable doubt about his impartiality and ability to fairly discharge his duties in cases related to the 2020 president ial election and january 6 attack on the capital. U. S. Defense secretary lloyd austin is undergoing a medical procedure this evening and will temporarily hand over power to his deputy. The pentagon says he is still dealing with bladder issues that arose in december following his treatment for prostate cancer. In a statement, the press secretary said the procedure is elective and minimally invasive and is not related to his cancer diagnosis. The 70yearold sparked a political uproar in january after it was revealed that he had failed to disclose his initial cancer diagnosis. And a passing of note documentary filmmaker Morgan Spurlock has died from complications of cancer in new york. Spurlock was best known for his oscarnominated 2004 film supersize me. As part of the movie, he it mcdonalds for 30 Straight Days to highlight the effects of fast food on the body. His career and veered off course during the height of the Metoo Movement when he revealed his own history of sexual misconduct. Morgan spurlock was 53 years old. Still on the newshour, david brooks and Jonathan Capehart weigh in on the weeks political headlines. And and look at why the Great British pub has become an endangered establishment. This is the pbs newshour from weta studios in washington and in the west from the Walter Cronkite school of journalism at Arizona State diversity. I a historic first, the ncaa and nations power five conferences have reached a deal to pay their athletes. They accepted the general terms of a settlement that will see the ncaa pay nearly 2. 8 billion in damages over 10 years to nearly 14,000 athletes dating from 2016 to now. It also creates a new system that allows schools to use up to 21 million a year to pay student athletes in any sport starting in 2025. The agreement was proposed to resolve a series of lawsuits challenging the ncaa, which may have had to pay billions more. It still needs to be accepted by a judge, and many details need to be worked out, including how schools will pay athletes, if payment will be equitable by gender, and what it means for different sports. For more on this landmark deal, we are joined by the Senior Writer for sports illustrated. Its great to have you here. I think it is safe to say the days of the amateur student athlete, college athlete, are over. Help us understand how significant this moment is. This is the death of amateurs, which has basically been on the boards forever in College Athletics. It is a significant milestone. The castle walls of amateurism had been eroding for years, most specifically starting three years ago when name, image, and likeness payments were first approved, but this is a major acceleration from that. This provides, as you noted, back damages to 4 years worth of College Athletes who are no longer in their sports and also a framework to pay for a decade going forward, so this is a lot of money being transferred from the traditional coffers of the athletic administration, coaches, athletic directors, facility usage directly into the hands of the players and it being done by the schools themselves. Thats the real change here. How soon could we see these payments start going out to student athletes . I think it will be about 14 months from now, 15 months to get to the 20252026 academic year. That is what the target is right now. Theres still a million loose ends to this, so theres a lot of work to be done on the details, but that is the target date for when you will start seeing major sumsf money going directly from institutions to the athletes. How are schools thinking about compensating athletes in the sports that generate a lot of revenue versus those that dont . Say a star football player, the star basketball player versus the star polevault or . How this actually will be divided up is going to be one of the great sources of curiosity and ultimately controversy, i would imagine. As it stands now, it seems like the preponderance of thought is to make this an institution by institution decision. This will not be a nationally mandated pay scale. There will not probably be conferences dictating how much will go to which athletes or which sports. It will be up to each school to decide if they can afford a full 21 million, 22 million a year in revenue for the athletes or if they want to pay something less than that, and then how that is divided up. I usually, the football players, the mens basketball players, and probably increasingly Womens Basketball players will get the majority of this, but even within the team, what sort of parameters are put on in terms of performance or recruiting star power or experience as far as who gets what, that will all have to be sussed out at the institution level, and i think it will be quite a process to get to those liberations. To the point about womens sports, how does title ix factor into the financial calculus . Thats going to be another fascinating element. Obviously, title ix has really changed the game in terms of allowing females equal opportunity or near equal opportunity to play their sports in college to the men, but is equal opportunity the same as equal compensation . So far it has not been. Most in il most nil dollars have gone to mens basketball and football players, so does this ruling have an effect on that, to say women have to be compensated in a similar manner in terms of the actual outlay of money or maybe just the number of female athletes has to be somewhat commensurate or proportional to the men . And then you decide what the money is. That is going to be i think a major flashpoint of this. We will be hearing a lot about that in the next year plus. One flashpoint is how these universities and colleges go about paying student athletes without really classifying them as employees. How are they playing that question . That is an attempt to thread the needle. Once again, they have been playing the that the needle game for time immemorial of these people probably are employees in a business sense, but they dont want to be classified as such, and they dont want to have to face antitrust legislation on those grounds. What they are hoping is for the Significant Movement here to get the attention and the motivation of congress to help come up with some antitrust exemption for College Athletics to protect them from further lawsuits and to have a system where athletes are sharing in revenue, where they are being compensated, but they are not necessarily considered employees of the university. Lastly, this does not replace the name, image, and likeness opportunities for those student athletes that are able to take it vantage of them. It is not, no. Nil will still be an ongoing fact of life. It will be fascinating to see how much money is in the pool versus what is now going into a strict, Straight University reimbursement pool and if donors are necessarily less inclined to give nil money now through a collective or otherwise because they are already seeing athletes getting paid by the school itself, but it will still be part of the dynamic and there will be schools that will want to spend more than the 21 Million Dollars, 22 Million Dollar cap, so they will turn to boosters and collectives and say, can you help us out with this dark quarterback over here . We would like to give him some more money. The nil era is changing but not going away. Thanks so much. Thank you. A controversial bill that would restrict access to Abortion Pills has now been signed into law in louisiana. The bill reclassifies Abortion Pills as a controlled substance, grouping it with xanax and valium. Possession of the pills without a prescription from a specially licensed doctor could be punishable by up to five years in prison. We are joined now from louisiana by the director of the new Orleans Health department and an emergency medicine physician. This reclassifies two abortion medications. What is that reclassification mean in practical terms . Practically, abortion medications are already illegal for elective terminations in louisiana. We have some of the most restrictive laws. What we are really talking about is not abortion care, but all the routine medical uses that are used for every day, things like to induce childbirth, to stop uterine hemorrhage, miscarriages, and there are several other nonobstetric indications, so this is really the routine practice of health care that these drugs are being mischaracterized as somehow dangerous drugs. Tell me about who will be most impacted by that. You mentioned a little bit about some of the other uses for those medications, but based on the patients you see, the community you serve, who will be impacted . Unfortunately, louisiana has some of the worst Maternal Health outcomes in the country. We do have really wonderful, dedicated providers who are doing their best every day to try to provide best practice, evidencebased care. Whenever you place restrictions on a medication that is commonly used for a miscarriage, for example, that means that there are multiple barriers that the provider and patient now face to get a medication that would have been easy to get before. Any barriers means patient might not get the care that is medically indicated, and when you dont get the care that is medically indicated, you have a risk of getting worse. If you are miscarrying and you cannot access medication, you could continue to bleed, hemorrhage, develop sepsis, end up in the emergency department, and experience future problems with future pregnancies. These are unnecessary restrictions on the practice of medicine and routine health care that are definitely going to affect our already poor outcomes. We mentioned briefly that doctors could also be punished as a result of this restriction. Tell me a little about what youre hearing from other doctors and what that impact the reason why nearly 300 of my physician colleagues and i wrote a letter urging the amendment to be removed is because we know how it will affect our ability to practice. In louisiana, we already criminalize physicians who would perform elective abortions. Theres already a Chilling Effect on our providers. Because the law is vague and theres the fear that in the practice of caring for a woman who is having a miscarriage or who needs to have a termination to save her life or for her health, that someone is going to misconstrue that as doing an elective abortion and that physician could face jail time again, making this practice of simply providing routine health care more criminalized leads to physicians having to make really terrible choices and ultimately deciding that they might not want to practice in a state like ours. We pulled back the lens of it. We know according to a reproductive rights think tank that medication abortions do account for the majority of abortions in the u. S. Some 63 last year. A number of states already restrict access to those medications in some form. Some with all out bands, some requiring some different level of restriction on those medications some with all out bans. This bill in louisiana would make it the only state to categorize those legislations as controlled, dangerous substances. Do you see other states following that example . Unfortunately, i do. Im very concerned, and talking to colleagues across the country, they are concerned this could be coming for them. If elective medication abortion is already illegal, why would we want to place barriers on health care that is legal . Our concern is that it sets a precedent not just in other states, but what else could be inappropriately mischaracterized as a drug of abuse . Could it be a drug that a lawmaker does not like . Could it be contraception . This is really a dangerous precedent, and i think thats why you find so many doctors willing to speak up about it, and not just obstetrics. This is something that affects the general practice of medicine in america. Thats the director of the new Orleans Health department joining us tonight from louisiana. Thank you for your time. Thank you. Myanmars civil war has taken a critical time in recent weeks following a series of defeats for the military junta that reclaimed power in 2021. The exiled civilian government deposed in that coup says victory for their resistance is coming soon, but there are fears of a violent struggle as the military attempts to regain lost ground. Neighboring thailand is nervously watching. Thousands of people have spilled over the border in recent weeks to escape the fighting. Our special correspondent reports. Over the last few weeks, fierce gun battles have erected across myanmar. Rebel fighters have main made many advances and forced hundreds of government soldiers to surrender. It has been an intense period for the resistance. Many of the rebels are now recuperating in a thai border town. I rented this place. We live here because we cannot be on the front line all the time. We have to rest and take care of your health. We also need to look after family members. He comes from a region in central myanmar and ran a fitness business before the conflict began. He joined the resistance days after the military ousted the countrys democratically elected government led by Aung San Suu Kyi in february 2021. Since then, it has been wracked by violence. The armed a project which tracks around 50 wars locally estimates around 50 people, including civilians and resistance fighters, have been killed. He carries the memory of some of those who fought alongside on his chest. That is a battalion emblem. Comrades died. Some were arrested by military. Some are in jail. An official population of around 50,000 people, but the number has swelled as a result of the war with some experts estimating there could be an additional 100,000 burmese as natives of myanmar seeking shelter here 100,000 burmese, as natives of myanmar are known, seeking shelter here. Its hard to stop even more crossing illegally along the river separating thailand and myanmar. Among them, this 26 year old who is both very pregnant and clearly desperate. She and her husband left their village after it was struck by Government Air raids. I came here with my husband. We walked across the river when the bridge was closed and i could not wait for it, so we crossed illegally. They rely on the help of a supporter of the burmese resistance. Conditions are tough, and she fears being arrested by border authorities. It is difficult. I live with other eople. I. E. What others give us. They are not even related. I just ask for help. A person online accepted my request. I have not had problems with the police so far because i dont go outside. Thailand is not a signatory to the United Nations refugee convention, so it does not distinguish asylumseekers from illegal immigrants. It has pledged to accept up to 100,000 myanmar refugees, but it has also arrested and pushed back many who have come across seeking shelter over the last few weeks. Adding to the recent influx are many young men. Earlier this year, the government of myanmar introduced compulsory military service. It wants to bolster its ranks. According to the United States institute of peace, the junta has lost control of around half of the 5000 military positions it holds, including outposts, bases, and headquarters. An assistant professor at the department of sociology and anthropology an expert in myanmar at the National University of singapore spoke with us. This conscription law was a sort of nuclear option. It has the danger of backfiring because it forces people who do not necessarily feel like they want to take a stand on this to choose a side, and they are certainly not likely going to choose the side of the people who are forcibly conscripting them to fight against their friends and to fight against democracy. Nevertheless, reports say Government Troops are launching a counteroffensive and are moving toward the other side of the border. Traditionally, it has been a stronghold of the military, but it has been severely weakened in recent battles. Billions of dollars of trade passes through each year, making it strategically vital. There are fears of further violence as the junta attempts to regain control. Well, thailand is pushing for dialogue between the junta and rebel forces, but theres little appetite for negotiation among the resistance. One of the issues is you kind of only get one shot at a transition. You only get one shot at a credible piece. Theres no way the Burmese Military can credibly commit to a piece for another democratic transition because it is very hard for the resistance to take them seriously. The exide the exiled civilian administration assess since forming an alliance with ethnic armed forces a year ago, the resistance has seized control of more than 60 of the country. But it has come at a terrible cost for many fighters. At this makeshift rehabilitation clinic, rebel soldiers injured in the conflict are recovering. There are men who have worked in marketing prior to the war lost his leg when he stepped on a land mine. My gun was thrown by the explosion. Despite his condition, he says he plans to go back and fight when he has built up his strength. I think victory is drawing near. We still have a long way to go. No one is helping us. We only have ourselves. Experts say theres a lot riding on the outcome of the battle. A complete takeover by the resistance could accelerate gains elsewhere. The military still has superior firepower and is unlikely to retreat without a fight, meaning there will likely be many more casualties. After months of hammering former President Trump on the campaign trail, nikki haley announces she will be backing her former rival this fall. On that and other political stories shaving the week, we turn to the analysis of brooks and capehart, great to see you both here in person together. Lets start here with nikki haley. Since she ended her campaign, the big question has been when or if she would endorse former President Trump. This week she answered that. I will be voting for trump. Having said that, i stand by what i said in my suspension speech. Trump would be smart to reach out to the millions of people who voted for me and continue to support me and not assume that they will just be with him. I genuinely hope he does that. She did not have to do this, right . Chris christie ran against him and has not endorsed him. Asa hutchinson, the same. Why do this and why now . If you are a republican politician, you have two options. One we will call the liz cheney option where you te a principal stand against Donald Trumps character and become big politician. We will call the second the marco rubio option which is with you got get along the program. I assume nikki haley wants to continue a career as a politician in the republican party, so she has gone for the marco rubio option p or the question i would ask her is in most lines of work, if you think someone is a moral degenerate, ghetto get to the second question of what to get think about tax policy what do you think about tax policy . You stop there. From what she has set about donald trump, she not only has serious doubts but is totally condemning of his character. If a guy is a bad guy, hes going to be bad. As i understand, she cares for americas alliances abroad, and i agree with her on the part, but hes not going to be good for allies if hes going to betray oh all our allies for his friends. Is it a vp play potentially . Who knows . Quite frankly, i dont care. I say that because for all the things that david just said, the marco rubio option, get with the program, you throw all of your values, all of your positions, all of your character out the window for political purposes . The marco rubio option is a soulless option. She called trump everything but a child of god in the closing weeks of her campaign, and now shes saying, im going to vote for him but. To davids point, there is no but here. When it comes to domestic policy or foreign policy, and i wish nikki haley had stood by the conviction she showed in the final weeks of her campaign and gone the liz cheney route, not blow up her career, but do something bigger than craven political ambition somewhere down the road. Is that political future undermined by someone who has completely 180ed on her stance . Theres no future for any republican in my lifetime or at least hopefully a little longer for that. Hopefully i will live a little longer than that. Lets say the next decade. By this time next week, we could have a verdict in former trumps sapphires criminal hush money trial, but the latest polls show a lot of americans have been paying attention to in some form the latest numbers from quinnipiac show was 70 of those polls show they are very closely or somewhat closely following the trial. Do you think a conviction or acquittal changes the race at all . Yes, how could it not when you have 70 of the people who are paying attention . If it is an acquittal, i will be curious to see how the people react. If it is a conviction, i will be curious to see how people react, but that is a great sign. I am glad that a majority of the American People are paying attention to a trial that is not even being televised. Before this trial started, i thought, you know what . Maybe this for this year will be like the january 6 committee hearings, where not many people thought that they would have an impact, but they did because it was like a slow trickle. People paid attention. They might not have told people they were paying attention, but how can you sit through basically 10 episodes of compelling testimony and not have it impact you . What is interesting here is this is a trial that is not even being televised. It is on cable television. They are getting live readouts from their reporters inside the courtroom, and yet, people are watching and paying attention. That, to me, is a great sign for the republic. What you think about that . Super skeptical. You ask people if they enclose attention to the entire election, its 45 or 50 . Super skeptical. Will it affect this . I confess, im not sure. A significant number of Trump Supporters say it will, but to me, the significant question is what is this election about . Abraham leak and said every president ial election is about a central question. Is this about Abraham Lincoln said every president ial is about a central question. It could be the crucial question is the elites are screwing us and our country is in decline because of it, and if that is this crucial question, donald trump will not be affected by this trial. My revelation over the last month is that its a mistake to look at this election in americaonly terms. If you look around the world at who is doing really well, its people like donald trump, if its in modi in india, in indonesia, in the netherlands. All around the world, rightwing populists, portugal, they are doing phenomenal. This may be just that kind of year, but im uncertain which would be the central question, one of those two. If the trial matters and if there is a conviction, so far we have seen President Biden keep it at arms length allowing the judicial process to play out. Do you think we will hear more from him if there is a conviction . I think we will hear more from him once the judicial process has played itself out, no matter what the verdict is. If it is a conviction, you Better Believe he is going to Say Something about it. You want a criminally convicted president of the United States . If it is an acquittal, i look forward to hearing with the message is, but just as President Biden did not talk about trump by name until he was the presumptive nominee, i dont expect him to say anything until this case is done. We have seen both President Biden and former trump the fire putting a lot of outreach efforts particular into black voters and hispanic voters, a group that went heavily for mr. Biden in 20 and has since softened support for them. Heres part of what President Biden had to sit to the graduating class at morehouse college. We know black men are going to help lead us into the future. Black men from this class and this university. Graduates, this is what we are up against. Extremist forces against the meaning and message of morehouse. And they peddle a fiction of what being a man is about. Tough talk, power, bigotry. Their idea of being a man is toxic. Here now is how former President Trump addressed a crowd in the bronx last night. These millions and millions of people that are coming in to our country, the biggest impact and the biggest negative impact is against our black population and our hispanic population who are losing their jobs, losing their housing, losing everything they can lose. Quick those are two very different kinds of messages, and get, mr. Trump has made inroads with some of these voters of color. Why do you think that is . Ok, buckle up. This notion that trump has made inroads is a result of a New York Times poll that came out in february where, shockingly, it said that trump was getting 23 of black support. When i was confronted with this, do you even know the sample size . Because i dont believe that. You ask any black pollster, and they are like, its not there. The sample size on that pole was 119 respondents for a national poll. I think its a false narrative. We go through this every four years. Will black rotors show up . The support is softening. It feels like to lots of us that these narratives are perpetuated so that if the democrat loses, no matter what race, well, africanamericans did not show up so its not her fault. With the president s speech, he made the moral argument about democracy and masculinity and everything, but he also talked specifics. 16 billion invested in hbcus, cutting black child poverty. The biggest sign was student debt relief. He is combining an economic message with the moral message, and knowing who his audience is. Donald trump this is not about getting black voters to vote for him. This is not about adding latino voters to vote for him. There were quite a few hispanic americans there in the bronx. This is not about courting them. This is about a permission structure for white voters on the periphery who look and hear language like that and think, i dont like that. I dont like him. I dont like the way that sounds, but, wait, hes in the south bronx talking to those people. Maybe hes not that bad. Thats outrageous. I will give you the final word here. Yeah, i dont think this is about one poll, as bonded as the New York Times is. Results in texas and in california, latino voters in 2020, those were actual results. Results showed a shift. The wall street journal poll showing africanamerican men, 30 for trump. These are a whole bunch of Voting Results are the question is if the polling results will lead to Voting Results. A lot of these people are so disaffected they may not vote, but i do think it is fundamentally true that workingclass voters are voting more like workingclass voters, no matter what other identities they may have, and i do think there is a gender gap. How big that is, at these people may register protests with a poster because they are upset with things, but that does not mean they are going to vote this way. But i do think the trend toward workingclass people voting in solidarity with other workingclass people, i think that is a real thing across a lot of elections and a lot of polls. As we always say, polls are a moment in time, not an election. And as we always say, great to see you both. [laughter] the memorial day season is the unofficial start of a big Summer Travel season, and that means a lot of driving and flying. When we talk about Greenhouse Gas emissions and transportation, we largely focus on cars and trucks since they generate the most, but the aviation sector is under pressure to reduce its Carbon Footprint, too. In the second of two reports, science correspondent miles obrien looks at efforts to create greener fuels for the skies. A halfmile outside the fence of bostons logan airport, Carlos Florez is helping grease the skids for an ambitious goal erasing the Carbon Footprint of airlines. He is at a wing stop, harvesting used cooking oil. It contains hydrocarbons and can be refined into Sustainable Aviation fuel. From wing stop to wing tank. Every time i fly from brazil, i think about it. Maybe i helped. He drives for mahoney environmental, subsidiary of nest egg, a finnish oil refiner that is now a global leader. The cool thing about cooking oil is it has already had one life, and now we are having a second life with it. Mahoney currently sucks about 400 billion pounds of grease out of dumpsters nationwide. Its cooking up plans to retrieve one billion but 2020 by 2030, even though Sustainable Aviation fuel is two or three times for expensive than the fossil alternative. The airlines are demanding it. Facing public backlash over its climate footprint, the industry has set an aggressive goal net zero Carbon Emissions by 2050 and it has no other shortterm alternative to fossil fuels. You dont have to modify anything to use it. You dont have to build charging stations for your planes and all those types of things, so to me, that is the logical next step. Globally, Sustainable Aviation fuel production will likely reach nearly 500 million gallons in 2024. A sixfull increase since 2022, and yet, still only. 5 in the 99 billion gallon annual burn rate for jet fuel. The Biden Administration launched a Sustainable Aviation fuel grand challenge. The goal is to produce 35 billion gallons in the u. S. By 2050. But to get there, grease is not the only word. There wont be a silver bullet. There wont be one commodity that will satisfy the 35 billion gallon target. The director of the center for bioenergy innovation at the Oak Ridge National laboratory in tennessee says oil from fryer grease, soybeans, and corn can produce 1 3 of the goal, adding hydrocarbons to existing ethanol production can address another third, and the rest will have to come from new crops dedicated to energy. He says 20 million to 40 million acres of land will be needed. There are about 900 million acres of farmland in the u. S. We cannot have it all and not have to make a choice between food and youll. There is enough land potentially available to produce 35 billion gallons of Aviation Fuel. It will take a portfolio or mixture of species geared towards adaptive reduction in specific regions. The Oak Ridge Team is partnering with seven other institutions, including the university of illinois urbana champaign, home of advanced bioenergy and bio product innovation. Emily heaton is a professor in the college of crop sciences. We are testing the first iterations of making jet fuels from the bioenergy crops we have today. She gave me a tour of their energy farm where they grow, tweak, and study socalled bioenergy crops. When you say bioenergy crops, what exactly are we talking about . We are talking about crops that are used to capture carbon out of the atmosphere, then used in place of plants that capture carbon out of the atmosphere many years ago. The carbon is offset by the co2 absorbs absorbed as they grow in the field because the cycle does not unearth any ancient carbon, it is called net zero. One of the leading contenders forces cv Sustainable Aviation fuel is this party, fastgrowing perennial grass plant that thrives on marginal land in cold climates. Oh, wow. They are getting pretty big. Its about time to cut them back. Did you bring a machete . We actually have several. Inside this greenhouse, they are crossbreeding this campus with sugarcane, hoping to add fatty compounds known as lipids to make a conversion to Aviation Fuel cheaper and easier. How much growth is this . How long did it take for them to get this big . For a plant, this is a single growing season for the biomass. It can grow 14 feet high. You can start to get a feel for what is below ground. There is an equal amount of biomass beneath the surface. If you include the avoided fossil emissions because we are not burning biomass for storing dings underground, it comes back carbon negative. Not just zero, carbon negative. The energy farm is outfitted with a milliondollar network of air, water, soil, and weather sensors to verify the true worth of these crops, but ultimately, it will be the budget of farmers that determine the success of these ideas. It is a chicken and egg problem, as i learned one morning when i visited emilys parents farm. You can put a wire here, here, and here. They are focused on pastorraised beef and lamb pastureraised beef and lamb. They know a lot about growing grass, but right now, its not a viable option for most farmers. The streamlined infrastructure that make this a productive place to grow corn and soybeans does not exist progress production. If you are thinking about growing grass that ultimately might fuel an airplane, the system is not set up that, is it . Quick snow. Its a long way off. To entice no. Its a long way off. To entice farmers to grow, they will need incentives in crop insurance. Our best use right now is animal betting. Thats it . That is it. But this family is undeterred. Energy crops not only offer benefits for the climate, they also improve the local environment, reducing runoff and improving soil health, adding diversity. Getting back to our roots using contemporary carbon to base our society instead of fossil carbon is a choice that we need to make if we are to persist on this planet. And still freely travel around it without carrying a lot of excess carbon baggage. For the pbs newshour, im miles obrien in boston. And historic bicentennial anniversary is upon us. The humble pint is now 200 years old. That stable measurement of bar life was first introduced in 1824 to placate british drinkers who claimed taverns were cheating them up precious hail. Now those now theres taverns, the public houses, are facing a crisis. What happens with the public no longer heads to the pub . Our special correspondent bellies up to the bar. Heritage in motion. Happy 200th birthday to the pint, the humble measure that helped. You americans also have the pint. As yall know, size matters, and ours is 20 bigger than yours. The institution is facing in existential crisis the pub has become an endangered species. The pub is very important, not only architectural this is over hundred years old, this pub. This environmental consultant gets everyone from heart surgeons, but we are all equal so we all socialize, and we have a good time. This is not the gastropub has confronted a perfect storm. Britons lost the pint have it during covid lockdown restrictions. We are just waiting to see what the next disaster is, really. It does not seem to get any better. Postcovid drinkers have not returned. Rising prices for lifes essentials made most people poor. The idea is only the strong pubs will stay and the rest will fall by the wayside. The king george v has expired after providing merriment for more than 300 years. Once a brothel, then a naval officers rest, the pub in a former garrison town may be lost forever. I used to come here when it was really busy and you would meet all these soldiers and sailors and hear lots of wonderful stories, and so to me, this was a great place to come and chat and meet people and have a drink as well, of course. The pub is for sale, and price hopes the next owners can revive it against the odds. After covid, people have not got used to going in the back street to the local pub anymore. When they close, they are not reopening, and i think that is the greatest loss to british society. People meeting, chatting, talking to each other. Society is changing, and i think we are losing that personal touch and we will never get it back again. How bad is it . How many others are facing a last call . The numbers are sobering. 1300 pubs close last year at the rate of virtually numeral for every single day. Three out of four failed to make a profit. 20,000 jobs were lost and 60 maury 60 million fewer pines were poured. This pub is proof that resurrection is possible. It was close for five years, but nine years ago, the residents revived it with events like these, where families can get a free meal once a week. Jenna etheridge is the operations manager. It is massively important. Especially with costofliving prices and shopping prices going up and everything, it is so important. Families can get a meal for their children and that saves them from buying a meal for the evening. We are here every single week. Every time its on, we are always here. We dont have to worry about what we need or what you have, and the kids love it. Though the pub claims it has the cheapest pines in the city, it struggles to breakeven and relies on government subsidies for its charitable work. We are here for the communitys benefit. We are not here to make a profit. You get to know people and you can help them out. Warren carson leads the committee that runs the pub. This government has just screwed pubs with tax and everything, makes it impossible. Then when you are hit by bills, gas, electric, double, triple. Appeals to the government to reduce the tax bill on pubs resonate across the country, especially with steve patel. Everyone says we love the pub, we dont want it to go, but you need to support with your feet. Its one thing saying we want to british pub to still be here, but if you dont get into it, eventually, they will start disappearing. People underestimated the importance of local community. That is true. Bring people together. The relief you have from a good pint, good quality meal, and enjoying yourself. It is very important. Just like the church is for some people as well. Put pub life is not the religion it once was in britain. No matter how hard they work, landlords face a potentially bitter future. On the newshour online, our weekly digital show looks at the week the icc saw arrest warrants for leaders of israel and hamas. Much more can be found on our youtube channel. Be sure to tune in to Washington Week with the atlantic tonight. We examined Donald Trumps historic hush money trial and how it plays out on the campaign trail. And the Hidden History of one of the first asianamerican actresses in hollywood who made herself a name for herself while also fighting discrimination. Before there was lucy lu, awkwafina, or michelle yeoh, there was anna may wong, considered hollywoods First American film star. She appeared in 60 movies beginning in the silent era, but racism meant that in most of them, she played scary supporting roles while white actresses in yellow face got top billing. Thats tomorrow and that is the newshour for tonight. On behalf of the entire newshour team, thank you for joining us. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions and friends of the newshour, including kathy and Paul Anderson and camilla and george smith. The Walton Family foundation, working for solutions to protect water during Climate Change so people and nature can thrive together. The william and flora hewlett foundation, for more than 50 years advancing ideas and supporting institutions to promote a better world at hewlett. Org. And with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. And friends of the newshour. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. This is pbs newshour west, from weta studios in washington and our bureau at the Walter Cronkite of journalism at Arizona State diversity. Arizona state unive wow, you get to watch all your favorite stuff. Its to die for. Now you wont miss a thing. This is the way. Xfinity internet. Made for streaming. Jeffrey Donald Trumps hush money case is days away from going to the jury. It is possible that twice impeached four times indicted former president who pollsls shw has a chance of becoming the 47th president could soon be a convicted felon. Tonight, what is next in trumps historic trial and how the outcome will likely play out on the campaign trail, next. This is Washington Week with the atlantic