Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by kevin. Kevin kevin . Advice for life. Life wellplanned. Learn more at raymondjames. Com. Ordering takeout. Finding the west route. Al tng for hours. Planning for showers. You can do the things you like to do with a wireless plan designed for you. With talk, text and data. Consumer cellular. Learn more at consumercellular. Tv babbel. A Language Program thahes spanish, french, italian, german, and more. And with the ongoing support of these institutions hi program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbe station fromrs like you. Thank you. Ry woodruff labor secre alex acosta is facing new deands to quit tonight, ove plea deal with financier Jeffrey Epstein in 2008. N acosta was tfederal prosecutor in south florida, and epstein was accused of molesting teenage girls. The deal kept him out of federal prison. But now, federal prosecutors in new york have filed new charges. Today, in the u. S. Senate, minority leader Chuck Schumer joined other Top Democrats condemning acosta. I acalling on secretary acosta to resign. It is now impossible for anyone to have confidence in secretary acostas ability to lead the department of labor. If he refuses to resign, President Trump should fire hima woodrufsta called epsteins alleged crimes horrific, and said he welcomes the new charges. President trump, in a meeting with the emir of qatar, promised to review the plea deal, as he defended acosta, whom he appointed his cabinet. Hes been a great, really great secretary of labor. The rest of it, well have to look at. Well have to look at it very carefully. But youre talking about a ld g time ago, ain, it was a decision made, i think, not by him, but by a lot of people. So were going to look at it very carefully. Ls woodruff today, l stice Department Officials said attorney genelliam barr will stay out of reviewing the 2008 plea agreemen his former law firm represented epstein during that period. We wl discuss all of this after the ne summary. A federal judgin new york said e move was quote patently deficient under court rules. The administration wants a new legal team to find a way to add a Citizenship Question the census. Meanwhile a a federal Appeals Court rule today that President Trump may not ban critics from his twitter account. A threejudge panel agreed with a lower court that found the president violated the First Amendment rights of those he blocked. The Justice Department said that it is exploring where to go from here. Billionaire Hedge Fund Manager tom steyer has announced he is running for the democratic president ial nomination after all. He passed on the race back in january, and instead, pushed to impeach President Trump. Today, he said he wants to end the hostile corporate takeover of our democracy. Steyer democratic candidates. Re twotimedential candidate ross perot died today at his home in dallas. E had leukemia. The texas billionarot is best remembered for his third party run in 1992, when he wul 19 of the p vote. Ross perot was 89 years old. We will look back atis life, later in the program. In hong kong, chief executive carrie lam declared today that an eradition bill is dead, after weeks of mass protests. But she agaistopped short of withdrawing the bill, which could send criminal suspects to communistcontrolled mainland crina, to face trials. Hong kongs prodey activists rejected the statement, and insisted the bill be formally withdrawn. She only said that the bill is dead. We cannot find the word dead in any of the laws in hong kong or any of the Legal Proceedings in a legislative council. An so how government tell us that we should preserve our rule of law, when she herself does not use the rule of law . Woodruff opponents of the extradition bill warn that beijing would use it to crac down on dissent. Warring factions in afghanistan havended a peace conference with calls for zero casualties. H Afghan Government, the taliban and others met for two thdays in qatar. Focused on a road map for peace, but made no mention of a ceasefire. Meanwhile, a taliban car bomb on sunday killed 14 people, and an Afghan Government air strike today killed seven. President trump has fired off inw broadsides at the British Ambassador to waon, kim darroch, for criticizing mr. Trump and his administration. In a tweet today, the president called the ambassador wacky and saide is a very stupid guy. In london, foreign secretary jeremy hunt said u. S. British ties remain strong, but he stood by the ambassador. So, i think its very important that our ambassadors and high commissioners around the world continue to feel that they are able to express thosefr k views, because we have one of the best Diplomatic Networks in the world. Woodruff a spokesman saysh britime minister theresa may telephoned the ambassador to offer her support. In virginia, the stateab legislaturptly ended a special session today with no action on a raft of guncontrol measures. Democratic Governor Ralph Northam called the session after a may 31 shooting atck that killed a dozen people in virginia beach. But, majority republicacs put off anon until after the States November elections. Lifornia lawmakers have overwhelmingly passed new rulesv ton when police fire their weapons. They allow deadly force only ifh e is an immediate threat of death or serious injury to officers or bystanders. Supporters touted the rules as some of the nations toughest. Nearly two dozen governors are joining californias fight agait easing fuel efficiency standards. The governors, mostly democrats, signed a pledge today. The Trump Administration wants to roll back obamaera rules, and to end californias authority to set its own standards. A federal court in whington has blocked the department of health and Human Services om making Drug Companies show prices in their tv ads. The mandate was to take effect today, in a bid to bring about lower prices. The court said Congress Never granted the power to enforce such a rule. Wall street had a lackluster trading day. The Dow Jones Industrial average lost 22 points to close at83 26 the nasdaq rose 43 points, and the s p 500 added three. And, volkswagen is ending production of the iconic beetle this week. The idea for the car was born in 1938 in nazi germany, and years leter, beetles became an e of the 1960s counterculture in the United States. E st beetle will roll off a production line in mexico tomorrow. Il to come on the newshour how charges against Jeffrey Epstein shines lht on sex trafficking of undera girls. The healthcare of millions han in the balance, as obamacare heads back to the courts. After a series of earthquakes leaves california reeling, a t the big one that may still be coming. An much more. Woodruff we return now to the epstein case, which has brought renewed attention to sex trafficking in the u. S. Lisa desjardins explores the ope of the problem. Desjardins thanks, judy. Sex trafficking is a crime that happens across the country, in cases that dont always receive this much attention from the media. Here to explain this troubling criminal underground is yasmin vafa. Shes executive rector of rights4girls, a Human Rights Group dedicated to ending violence against young women and girls. Thank you for joining us. Lets start first of all with this epstein case. His lawyers are saying their client believed these girls were over 1wa years old and thi not child trafficking because in their words there was no coercion or violence. I want to ask you youre also an attorney. Legally what is child erafficking. So under the fe law, there is no need to show force, fraud or coerciowhen it coes to the issue of minors. Under the federal law, anyone o recruits patronizes, solicits a minor under the age of 18 for the purposes of a commercial sex act can be found guilty ofrafficking. A commercial sex act is actually really broadly defined under the federal law. It encompasses any sex act thats exchanged for anything of value. Sos nder the facts of thse as alleged, it could absolutely constitute a federal antitrafficking case. I thi i want to geto something deeper that might be going on here with this idea of what is trafficking or who are the victims. In this case we saw a man whos iends even joked about that he liked young girls. M wondering how much of this is in plain site sight child trafficking or an innocence or shrugging a problem. The unique thing about this case is theheer amount of attention its getting but not unique in the damics that are alleged. We know that men who are powerful, who have an enor amount of privilege exploit the vulnerabilities of young women rand girl evey day here and throughout the country. Whats interesting about th case is that its getting an unbelievable amount of attention, but from our work on the ground, there are individuals much likJeffrey Epstein who are extraordinary wealthy and powerful businessmen. Of them are actually white men who use that power and privilege to exploit vulnerable young women and girls. One of the things about th iis cathat there seems to have been a pattern of targeting incredibly marginalized young women, girls who are run aways, girls who experienced unstable homes. Maybe even girls from the foster care system ands that consistent with what we see in the young women we work with here locally. I think people sometes image sex trafficking happening other places to other germs, not girls that they know. How are these girls being lured in these cases especially so adults can we aware of th risks. One of the important things to recognize, in the United States the vast majority of sex trafficking cases actually involve erican citizens. Om the federal data we know upwards of 80 of all confirmedr seficking cases involve u. S. Citizens and up to 40 of those cases involve the sale ofr ch. So its an incredibly important american problem and one thats happening inl communities throughout the country. I think that one of the thngs that were hoping comes to light and that people are able to connect the dots betwee epstein case and child sex trafficking all across thiti is that its often very powerful men with means takinad ntage of the vulnerabilities of some of our most marginalized young women and girls. Often times kids who experience extreme childhood sexual abuse,w ki are from the Child Welfare system, run aways and Homeless Youth and exoiting there vulnerabilities. Its attack particular that exploiters use because they know these are the kids that no one really ces b they knothese are the kids that most often fall through the cracks and even if they do core foward, they are the kids who are leaste likely to be believed. Part of the problem is of course all this is in the shadows and these are vulnerable kids who no one else is looking for them. N what do we about how prevalent this is in America Today . What do you know fromour experience . Whats difficult about this issue and quantifying it is that it is largely hidden. Some of the challenges are the fact that it is mischaracterized, often times as adult prostitution, often times Law Enforcement and her First Responders dont actually correctly identify this as child sex trafficking. So we dont have exact numbers about the issue but i can tell you locally here in d. C. With our partners on tha ground tht serve traffic youth on a daytoday basis, were seeing about five to eight unique referrals per week of children. Those are indiviper week. Individuals, yes. And between the ages of anywhere from ten years old t 17, 18 years old. In d. C. One of the proders called courtneys house actually has three 11 year olds theyre serving currently. Its incredibly pervasive andam the sheent of violence and degradation that these young chdren experience is unbelievable. Thank you for talking about this very important topic. The executive director of rights4girls, thats rights, number 4 girls, yaasmina. Thank you for having me. Woodruff the Affordable Care act often referred to as obamacare has faced a series of threats to its extence ever since it became law nearly a decade ago. The latest challenge a lawsuit filed by republican governors and attorneys general, and backed by President Trump. The law was the subject of a crucial urt hearing today. John yang is here to fill us in. Yang judy, a threejudge panel of a federal Appeals Court rleans heard 90 minutes of oral arguments today in this case, with enormous stakes for millions of americans. Yang congress set the stage for this challenge in the tax bill that President Trump signed into law in 2017 the measure eliminated the penalty on america who failed to maintain health insurance. The republican g attorneys general argue that since the Supreme Court upheld the Health Care Law as a validci exerse of congresss taxing authority, taking the tax away makes all of the law unconstitutional. Late last year, a Federal District judge in texaed. At first, the Trump Administration said some of the law should remain. But in march, thJustice Department reversed course. Since the administration is not defending the law, democratic attorneys general and members of th house are leading the appeal. Since its paage, the healthcare law has ingrained itself deeply into the u. S. Health care system. More than 20 million more americans are now covered by its provisions. It has hundreds of other provisions thahave directly and indirectly changed healthcare, including protections for people with preexisting medical conditions, and allowing children to be p covered by theents health plans up to age 26. The suit could send the matter back to the Supreme Court for the third time, in the middle of the 2020 campaign. Today, senator patty murray of Washington State signaled that democrats would make it an issue. People are wahing this very closely. They are not going to forget who stood up to defend their who brought an partisan lawsuit to throw it out the window. Yang if the law is struck down, Senate Majority leader Mitch Mcconnell said lawmakers would act quickly to preserveof onts most popular provisions. The important thing for the public to ow is, nobody in the senate is not in favor of covering preexisting conditions. And, if that were under any of these scenarios to go away, we would act quickly n a bipartisan basis to restore it. Yang the judges gave no indication of en they would rule in the case. Sam bake the Health Care Editor at axios, was in the courtroom this afternoon and joins us now. Sam, you also cover the Supreme Court. Youre used to hearing these arguments, like today. Iswant to play a little bit of that. The of whether the entire bill falls, the entire law falls because one provision falls is something called servability. And judge kik englehart who is nominated by President Trumpde pressed thocratic lawyer on congressional intent on that point. Lets take a listen. Couldnt congress have said, oh by the way, think allf these provisions are such excellent ideas and helpful to the public that if any of them go by the wayside well then we ueuld want all of these, the remainder to conto apply. But the Supreme Court had said that congresis silent on this point is just that, silence and doesnt create a pemption against servability. M sa, help us understand that. What do you make of that he can change . It really gets right to the core of whats going on here. So these arguments today sort of almost asumed that the nadividual mandate is probably now unconstitut the court hasnt actually decided that and its decision wouldnt be finbut you know, the big question that they sort ofave to debate is all right say if the individual mandate goes auway, howh else goes away. Sorry, go a there was a time when the Trump Administration was saying well just take out the mandate ann theso protections for people with preexistingns condit now they change that and say you have to vick down the whole law and thats as you said raisingl ese questions about other largely unrelated provisions. The individual te if it goes away theres really no enforcement mechanism now that that penaltys been taken away. So would there be much of an effect if only the individual mandate falls . No, there wouldnt. And i i think if thats what happens, democrats wll probably breathe a sigh of relief and call that a win and live to fight another day. Ta about the qustioning from the judges about the other provisions of the law, about the other parts and whether they would fall away as well. Yeah. This really, yu know, were all sort of used to when the Affordable Care act was first passed and when it went to the Supreme Court the first time we heard so much about how the individual mandate i wrapped up with the protections for people with preexisting conditions and its all sort of intertwined and you cant kick one leg outom under the stool, it didnt turn e t in practice to be quite as potent as peoought it would be. Congress has gone ahead anda repealed one of that but theres a thinking sort of along the liances look you told us this one thing couldnt go away in isolation. If were going to strdoike that other seems like we have to vick down at least some more here. The first things to go would probably be the biggest and most popular. Thats protections for preexisting conditions. There were a lot of questions today about meu labeling. Thats part of the Affordable Care act that maybe people dont know about hats why fast food restaurants have to have calorio labetheir men ibecause of obamacare. Pea he pull are saying to we ve to stloa that away because of the individual mandate. Maybe yes maybe n but those are kind of questions they have to answer or figure out a new press to get an answer to. It really does point out how pervasive or how the Affordable Care act has affected directly and indirectly so much of the healthcare system. Yeah, thats exactly right. I mean, here youd be getting riof the private Insurance Coverage that the lot enbles people to buy. The medicaid expansion. The changes were all used to because they cover tens of millions of people. The affordable car ae actso created a pathway for the fda to start approving a ne class of drugs and theyve been using it because there are drugs on the market tt were approved that way. If that approval pathway goesw, away, you knrug companies are already start of starting to sse it and to create that cl of drugs, they have to stop. Menu labeling is one thing. There are a lot of changes tma lae to medicare, new authorities they gave to any admistration ondicare. But even the Trump Administration is making you know, pretty substantial use, trying to make that program mori ent. And it changed some criminal statutes in terms of Medicare Fraud. There were questions today about can you still prosecute people for Medicare Fraud because that was technically this or that statute was ended by thele affordare act. Its really, especially after all this time as you said it sort of seeped in everywhere. Well have to wait to see tert the decision will be la this year, perhaps later this year. Sam baker the healthcare editor of axios. Thank you very much. Myleasur dr woof stay with us. Coming up on the newshour the green rush. Manew series on the flourishing business of legajuana. Jim lehrer, on the life and legacy of ross perot. Plus, a view of the past. How greece is grappling with building around prized ancient sites. After two serious earthquakes rocked Southern California, questions are raised anew about the extent to whh residents and governments are prepared for an even bigger quake. Seismologists and puic officials have warned repeatedly for years about the big one shorthand for a major earthquake along a different crack in the earth the san andreas fault. Scientists say last weeks quakes, and the aftershocks since, dont make ruptures along the san andreas any re or less likely. But, this is a good time to revisit the larger concerns and what people need to know. Ja b margolis has laid this out extensively in a podcast called t big one your survival guide. He is a science reporter with kpcc, Southern California public radio. Jacob margolis, thank you very much for being with us. So when we talk with the big one, am i right that were not talking about if, were he talking about when. Yeah, it iwhen. A 7. 8 magnitude earthquake onsa the southerandreas is one of the scenarios we could have in Southern California. If that hits, its going to be absolutely devastating. Some of those buildings in the background you see there could potentially be at risk of collapse. Theres risk that fires will break out throughout all the vhills, that well hae close to 2000 fatalities and that of cour is just a scenario. They are just estimates. Bussibilities of what could happen. Its not going to look good would have would hav. Woodrufe bigger than people fear. I dont think people understand how bad it could possibly be andd ow bathe many different scenarios could be. I feel that way because ern though i up in los angeles, my wife grew up in los angeles and we both lived through the 1994 earthquake, even we werent ready before i did the podcast. H i thinks the case for a lot ofalifornians an Southern Californians, they just dont have supplies, they dont havey ntingency plans. If say they are separated from their families across the citye how do tget back together. I dont think a lot of people know. Woodruff we her you saying that. What are the kinds of things people should be doing if theyre paying attention to all this. Yes. The basicsllre one ga of water per person per day. You shod have extra food. You need to make are sure you have extra medicine if it needs to be refrigerated. You should have all your documents printed out that prove you own your home or you rent your place. You should have any sort of insurance documents and then kind of cascading down from there its always good to ha your will ready. Its really dark but its true. You should have contingency plan with familyiends, neighbors, anybody that lives nearby, n ca one hears from you or in case you cant stay in your place you could golsewhere. In addition to that, you should travel away from your locaouon ifeed to though staying in place is preferred. Its always good toe home sort of kit for the car as well which is something i have because obviously we report and we head out into the field and we need to live out of our cars for a few days possibly. Woodruff for example what does one need in a you are kar. I have extra water, jacket, i have a safety vest, all sorts of little knickn many acks and the extra water and food. Wont be plush but it will work. Oodruff is this kind of information Jacob Margolis is it ease yes available to people. The government has actually done a pretty good job, fema has done a pretty good job. Cal os. Theres something happening all the time but people ar rent alwaeptive to it and people shut off when presented with these very scary issues. I think theres this weird place of wtore you have onvince people this is going to happen, they need to prepare but he they al need tothen, its not as simple as scaring them. Lly digesthem to rea that information. What we saw after thinks major earthquakes in reg crest a lot of people reaching out saying im going to listen to your mud cast im going to put together an earthquake kit im going to get ready. Woodruff how ab advice. Were he talking to people in californians, residents but people who have family there, people who travel in and out ofl californiahe time. Simple advice what to do when an earthquake comes. Yes. Dont run into a doorway. Get under a desk, duck co avnd hold on. I stayed in my bed when the. Earthquake h my kid was crying in the other room and he was in his criand i knew his bedroom was set up in a way i knew he was going to be okay. Really make sure you can hunker down in place no matter where you are. If youre out and around its diffult but if you find a park bench to duck under, yojust want to stop anything from falling down on you. Jacob margolis one more thing that government could doing, all of us in the media should be doing to try to get this word out. So what e government as well as News Agencies and anyone else that wants to convey this ninformation needs to do,we need to be very careful with our facts because obviously theres a lot of misinformation out there. And two, i think that we need te showple, we cant just tell people this is going to happen. In our podcast we really die through all the little individual things that are going to happen. Say youre out on the street and youre injured, a fire tsru probably not going to stop for you. Why . We go into tht. We expling likes that, should you stay or should you go. It puts people in a situation in their minds where they can imagine themselves there and they then want to make sure, e surelly they want to mak they wont be in that situation and theyll be okay in the end of it all. Woodruff jacobargolis, youve done a lot of reporting uableis and its all val especially right now when people are thinking about it. The podcast is called the big one yougur survival ide jacob margaret list with kpcc in Southern California. Thank you. Thank you. Dr wf there has been a big shift in the attitudes manyrd marijuana use i places around the country increasingly, new state laws are llowing voter attitudes. We are still ithe latest wave legalization of cannabis one thats not finished yet. And, we are going to spend some time this week looking at the many different ways it is affecting individuals, communities, businesd state governments. Our series is called thgreen rush, and William Brangham begins with this broader look. cheers and applause brangham illinoiow the 11th state, along with washington, d. C. , to legalize Recreational Marijuana in the u. S. With overwhelming and bipartisan support, the state Legislature Passed a bill that allows foa regulated, recreational market starting next year. Illinois is just the latest state to join the legalization wave thats been sweeping across the country. Colorado and washington were first, back in 2012. Now, nearly 30 of the country live in states wherere creational pot is legal. Perhaps its not a coincidence that public support for legalization has soared to record levels. A 18 gallup poll found 66 of americans support it. Thats up more than 20 from a decade ago, and more than 50 since 1969. Theres really two dominant forces affecting public opinione around cannabilization. Brangham john hudak is a senior fellow at the brookings institution, and author of marijuana a short hi states and realizing the sky isnt falling. The omsday predictions of opponents are not really coming true. The other force is generational replacement. The people w oppose cannabis reform are the oldest people in our society and, of course, over time, theyre dying out. Theyre leaving the eltorate. Brangham at the same time, the financial windfalls have been significa. Legal marijuana sales in 2018 are estimated between 8 and 10 billion, nationally. Analysts predict that reach 30 biion in five years. Thats generated over 1 billion in tax revenue last year, though in places like california, revenues fell well short of expectations. And by and large, the new money makes up only a fraction of states generafunds. But the Retail Market is booming in colorado, there are more than 1,000 medical and recreational stores. Thats more than mcdonalds and starbucks combined. Orying pot in these places is fairly straightfward. You have to be 21 years and older. Owvisitors customers must i. D. , sign in, and are recorded by cameras. Customers are served by licensed staff who help them make choices among the many different typeska of se marijuana. Or, if they prefer, theres a dizzying array of t. H. C. Infusea chocolatesies, sodas, even creams to soothe aching muscles. In the end, its not that different from buyinttle of wine at your local liquor store. Yet, amid this boom, there are still significant questions. Marijuana laws and regulations isry state by state. Because marijuantill illegal at the federal level, many problems remain. Ngtional banks, for instance, are wary of handli this business, so many pot sinesses still operate as cas. The marijuana grown and sold today is far more potent ande now, far mailable than it used to be. And thats raised some Public Health concerns. Researchers warn of a rise in whate called marijuana disorder, where chronic use of thdrug often negatively impacts a users life. Some states have alsseen an increase in cases of driving under the influence of marijuana. Marijuanarelated hospital visits are also up, though most cases involve someone smoking or eating too much, which resolves pretty quickly in some states that legalized, the number of underage users went up, but in others, it didnt. What we know is that the legalization of cannabis can have these Public Health and Public Safety impacts, but it does not it is not clear that cannabis does cause thesct ef and so the best bet that states have is to recognize that these effects are possible, and to try to combat them in advance before they become a reality. Brangham legalization was sold, in part, as a way to put a dent in the drug trade, but in thny states, the police sa black market for marijuana has increased since legalization. Another selling point of legalization was, leop locking so many young people up for whats usually a minor, nonviolent crime. 01 between nd 2010, before the legalization tide began, roughly 8. 2 million marijuana arreofs were made, nearly 90 them for simple possession. In states that have legalized, arrests have gone down dramatically, but Racial Disparities do remain. Marijuana legalization ia complicated social and political experiment the country is running, and its all happening very quickly. Were kicking off a new series next week called the green rush. Well explore issues including weeds increased potency and potential effects on the brain, ndcial equity in the industry and in policing,he pressures from big business and regulation. For the pbs newshour, im William Brangham. Woodruff now, the legacy of twotime president ial candidate ross perot, who passed away of leukemia today at his home in dallas. We begin with a look back at the antiestablishment, selfmade texas billionaire. We want to close on our theme song. Lets hit it, ed. Were crazy. Woodruff an early disrupter, ross perot was a tech entrepreneur turned selfmadeed billionaire tuhe most successful thirdparty candidate alin modern american polit history. Born into a poor family depressionera texas, perot went al to serve in the navy before getting a job as aman with ibm. The scrappy businessman eventually sold his first company, electronic data systems, to genel motors for 2. 5 billion. Woodruff but perot is best known for his surgent, Third Party Candidacy in the 1992 president ial election against president george h. W. Bush and democratic challenger bill clinton. O i was not pthe ballot by either of the two parties. This is a movement that came from the people. Woodruff mixing hness with charm, the political outsider pitched himself as a fighter for everyday americans. The party is over. Its time for e cleanup crew. Woodruff and, he lambasted lawmakers in washington as out of touch, paramount being president bush. Id say its experience at this level. Youre right. I donhave any experience in running up a 4 trillion debt. F woodrerot kept up his attacks, nearly squarely on mr. Bush, in the 92 president ial debates, moderated in part by the newshours jim lehrer. Free and fair trade is the answer, not protection. Woodruff while president bush pushed free trade deals like nafta, perot pushed back. We have got to stop sending jobs overseas. There will be a giant suckg sound going south. So, if the people send me to washington, the firss thing ill doudy that 2,000page agreement and make sure its a twoway street. Since were dealing with voodoo economics, a great young lady from louisiana sent in this great voodoo stick. Woodruff perots nontraditional campaign included 30minute tv infomercials on issues like the national deficit, complete with homemade charts. The programs drew 16. 5 million viewer just this year, we ran up 341 billion in new debt. As we discussed the other night, thats our legislators and our president trying to buy our vote this year with what used to be our money. Were not that dumb. Woodruff in the end, 19. 7 million americans voted for perot in the 1992 election. Republicans forever blamed him for clintons win, saying he siphoned votes from bush. Perot went on to run in the 1996 president ial election, before dropping out. A philanthropist in his later years, perot is survived by his wife, margot, five children, a 16 grandchildren. Ross perot was the best performing thiparty president ial candidate since Teddy Roosevelt in 1912. Sofe perspective now on his and legacy, from a man who knew perot for decades, moderated two of his presintial debates, and is a very familiar face to our viewers. I am pleased to welcome back newshour cofounder, jim lehrer. Welcome back to this program. Thank you judy, thank you. Woodruff joe i knew ross ous. T after he became f he was running for president , successful businessman but you knew him long before that. How did you get to know him. I met him in dallas. He was a computer guy who had had an idea about the way to computerize federal medical systems and he created this incrible company. Made millions and millions of do hars. Because been a naval officer and i had been a marine officer at the same time, there were an overlap. Oost of the people who went work for him were former marine and navy officers. I met him that way. And somebody said you ought to get to know ross perot, you going to hear about him a lot in the future. I made an appointment, went over to see him and him and i hit it off. There was already a bond th that military thing that is always there. But at any rate, i stayed with him until i left to ce to washington. He had already shown when he ha millions allions of dollars, he want to use it to help other people. H d already shown that he was a guy who was not taken with h himselis he taken with his ideas but he was not the standard kind of show boat texas minute air kind of guy, he was a guy who had millions of dollars and wanted to use it for good things. What was he like as a person. He was funny, he was straight, he was authentic. The ross perot that you sitbl around a tand talk to, was the same guy who was in a debate stage many years later as a candidate for president of theit states. He always, always felt, he always seemed fel comfortable with himself. He was not an ideal log. He didnt wake upy saing. Im a conservative or liberal, no. He wokrye up eveay and said im ross perot and here is what i believe. It was a foundation and motivation for everything he did in public life, politics and evything as well. Woodruff were you surprised when he said he was going to run for president , have an idea to get the Government Spending down, tackle the deficit. I thought about that today and that very request, because i remember that very qestion, because i remember now and i hope im not basing on this what i hope were my feelings were then, but i thought that makes sense for this guy. In other words my feelings about him were all positive. We were frends, not personal friends, professional friends and i thought i admired him because i like what he hd done, he supported the military during the evaluate nonwar. He went in favor of war necessarily, he didnt have a political positionn it but h supported the people who fought in the war and he took care of pow families and that sort of stuff. When he announce are for president , yes, yes, yes, ross perot rug nnr president. Of course we did a lot of interviews with him on the newshour and i saw hum a l aot duril that i saw him a lot during all that stuff andme conf made me a little bit proud to have known him. Hey, yeah, yeah, i keptelling people, Pay Attention to this guy hes not just going to come and go. Woodruff he did better as on independent candidate, Everybody Knows hard to run for president as an independent, he ended up getting 19 some million votes for president. But jim, you did moderate those two debates in1992 wh him, with then president george h. W bush and bill clinton. Tell us some memories of that. Well the biggest memory was, the major debate i did was at Michigan State university and it was a 90 minute debate, but the Debate Commission had negotiated with the candidates that the first 45 minutes, the first time to be a single moderator and it would be wide open in terms of rules and all that. It was such a big deal. So once the debate started, and then in the second 45, ey want as bring in the three panelists, we do it the oldon way the way these debates used to be. But anyway things started and it wasnt me, i asked the questions but george h. W. Bush and bill clinton got into it obills record in arkansas they went back and fourth and perot or here on the right didnt get to say anything. He kept looking atme and i knew he was going to say something. This whole debate could go right up into smoke. At any rate he finally said is the time ruled hehte ton yes. Or do you keep lunging in at will. I thought we were going to have equal tim maybe i need to interrupt the other two. Is that the way this works. R. Perot, thats fine. Whatever you want to say, just say it. I looked at him and he heard me and he hushed. He was terrific at the debate. D if he ha played games in that debate, it would have hurm. T h from my point of view and i was looking at i from my point of view but from the viewers point of view it could have been an disaster but it wasnt because he understood what he needed to t. Woodruff youd us so much about his life. What do you think his legacy is . I mean weve talked about hes the most sussful independent candidate since Teddy Roosevelt. The reason he was successful is hs two things going for him that sound familiar in the current situaon but they are not quite that familiar. He had ideas that wernot driven by ideology. For ins ptance, he wao choice. He was for gun contr as all, most military, real military people are who know about gun but at the same time, he was very conservative about the military, about budgets and all that, welfare and all of that. So as i say, he made his own thing. But what he,nd he was able to explain what he believed, and why heelieved it but he had that additional thing ws he he had resources he he made 68 million of his own money. There were no small donors, there were no donors, just ross perot and he spent huge amounts of money for these things he did, the30 minutee infomercials did. You could have all the ross perot positives ut withoe resources its not going to work. Thats the legacy, the twoth gs that he had going for him and anybody wants to write the lessons for the future, thats it. Woodruff scrappy. Thats the word i can think of. Jim le mhrer, thank you veryh for coming back to talk about ross perot. Thank you, judy. Woodruff now, how a view of the past is stirring up a modern legal showdown. Conservationists around europe are awaiting verdict from greeces Supreme Court, which will determine whether atheniana the right to clearly see the acropolis the citadel from ancient greek times. The case is likely to set a precedent about the skylines around all of the countrys ancient monuments, and may outlaw the construion of highrise buildings. Special correspondent Malcolm Brabant reports for our art and culture series, canvas. Reporter before the sun fully rises and reveals modern athens, its possible to feast ou a panorama the ancients have recognized. 2,500 years ago, they built the parthenon temple in honor of athena, the goddess of wisdom and war. And with it, the foundations of western civilizati. This connection to a glorious past is seared io the Greek National psyche. When i see acropolis, i feel richer. The. Is the treasure of my l reporter this room with a view belongs to architect irini frezou. Its a part of my identity as a greek. Many years ago, i che to live here, so i identify myself with this great World Heritage monument. So i have to see it. I have to feel its energy. I feel. I feel that its very important to see and to idenfy yourself from all over around. Reporter frezadou had been in danger of losing the spectacular view. A large hotel was slated for the plot next to her apartment block. But, the Building Permit was withdrawn for early may, after the government acknowledged it would jeopardize the skyline around the acropolis. Greece, our treasure is environment and culture. And you cannot divide them. You have to look at them and toe plan responso our great environment and our great culture. Repor go to another part of her rooftop terrace tostee another tey building. E o floors higher than most of the blocks near ropolis. This is another angle, froofthe apartmenaria simitopoulou. She used to lie in bed and go to sleep with a clear view of the parthenon but not anymore. translated for me, its an ancient building that all ths foreigome to admire. In any case, if the view was unblocked, it would be good for all the people. Its not a nice thing to do, to destroy what we have. Greece lives off this. Tourists come, and go straight there. Reporter this is the latest tel in the portfolio of Greek Company called cocomat. The managementeam didnt take kindly to me filming the construction. N no you cant do it. I can call the police. Reporter but the confrontation came to the attention of the hotels owner,i paul efmorfi and he agreed to talk to us. By chance, on our way to the interview, we caught up to him n he cycled through heavy athenian traffic oe of his trademark wooden bicycles. Thats it, man, haha. Anm going to be on time, m what is the appointment . At 3 00, no . They took picture like i took a picture, like i took a picture. Now, i cannot see what is behind here. This is fake. And by the way, we produced, we created, we constructed something, accordinge greek law. The most modn ecobuilding now in athens. The only Hotel Building in the last ten years. You people dont build . Because they are afraid of this people that they pretend to protect the vironment. They dont. Reporter conservation groups across eope are closely monitoring this case. Its quite clear that the owner of this hotel is determined to press ahead with his vy expensive project. And so, this case is now in greeces highestourt the counsel of state. The judges are expected to make a ruling sometime this autumn, and its expected also that it can set a precedent for antiquities across greece. After ten years of financial crisis and austerity, one of the bright spots of the Greek Economy is the tourist industry, and the Main Attraction of all is the acropolis. On this particular morning, thee mo was seething with visitors. Greeces popularity has icreased, the expense of other mediterranean countries like egypt, tunisia and turkey, whose tourist revenuesbeen hit by a combination of terrorism and authoritarianism. W ben 2014 and 2018, the number of visitors to greece rose by 50 , from 22 million to 33 million. You need all kinds of hotels. You need boutique hotels. You need small hotels. You ne big hotels. You need everything. Reporter the greekrn gont was desperate for more income to overcome the financial crisis, and introduced new construction laws which allowed bigger and taller buildings, as long as they conformed to environmentally friendly standards. The cocomat group is renowned for its green edentials. This hotel is also a showcase hr the wooden bicycles wh the Company Owner Paul Efmorfidis insists are at the heart of his philosophy. The wood, a tree, dies. And we dont honor them. We burn them in greece. We burn them. I dont, because i believe thath can see, they can listen, they can feel. I take them around the world. Reporter the challenge to efmorfidis is being orchestrat from plaka, the neoclassical district beneath the acropolis, and an oasis in athens concrete sprawl. Its the base of lydia carras,ad f the Greek Society for the protection of the environment and cultural heritage. The truth is, the law allowed them to go high, but it just,s, certain tihe law allows you things which the public feeling doesnt want. And theres such a strong public feeling about this, that youre surprised how this company did it reporter the hotel is right ixt to the Acropolis Muse the heart of a lowrise district where most of the countrys leading archeologists work. Cocomat says the archeologists didnt object but lawyer andreas papapetropoulo he outlines the type of victory he hopes to achieve at the sueme court. translated we are not crazy; were not saying they should knock down a hotel that has just been built, but to remove the two top floors and bring it to the appropriate height. Thats what were asking. So, its not at all a lost case. Most people have the feeling, okay, its the greek identity, but its not just greek. We are here to look after it. It belongs to humanity. Reporter ovethe next 15 years, part of the temple will be reconstructed using original marble, so the view will be ightly difrent, but still spectacular. That is, if a modern building is not in t for the pbs newshour, im Malcolm Brabant in athens. Woouff on the newshour online right now, the u. S. Willo celebrate thd cup champion womens soccer team with a parade in new york tomorrow. Will their latest victory make a dierence in their fight fo equal pay . Thats on our website, www. Pbs. Org newshour. And that is the newshour for tonigh im judy woodruff. Join us online, and again here tomorrow eveningat for all of uhe pbs newshour, thank u, and well see you soon. Major funding for the p newshour has been provided by babbel. A language app that teaches reallife conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. Consumer cellular. Financial Services Firm raymond james. The ford foundation. Working with visionaries on the frontlines of social chang worldwide. Carnegie corporation of new york. Supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of International Peace and security. At carnegie. Org. And with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbt ion from viewers like you. Thank you. Captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc upaptioned by media access gt wgbh access. Wgbh. Org youre watching pbs. Hello, everyone, and welcome to amanpour and company. Today were looking back at some of our favorite interviews from this year, so heres whats coming up. We are fightingor our survival as a generation. A day that shook america, we look back at the First Anniversary of the high school massac in parkland, florida, with a student survir turned activist, the parents of one victim, and a journalist who followed students for a year. 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